APPENDIX

REFERENCE TABLES

TABLE C.I Selected Standard Electrode Potentials

a
in Aqueous Solutions at 25°C in V vs. NHE

Reaction Potential, V
+
Ag + e «± Ag 0.7991
AgBr + e *± Ag + Br~ 0.0711
AgCl + e +± Ag + 0.2223
Agl + e ?± Ag + I~ 0.1522
A g 2 O + H 2 O + 2e +± 2Ag + 2OH" 0.342
Al 3 + + 3 e ^ A l 1.676
+
Au + e <=* Au 1.83
3+ +
Au + 2e^±Au 1.36
p benzoquinone + 2H + + 2e *± hydroquinone 0.6992
Br2(aq) + 2e<± 2Br~ 1.0874
2+
Ca + 2e ?± Ca 2.84
Cd 2 + + 2e ?± Cd 0.4025
Cd 2 + + 2e ?± Cd(Hg) 0.3515
Ce 4 + + ^ ^ ± C e 3 + 1.72
Cl2(g) + 2e<± 2 1.3583
HC10 + H + + e ?± |C1 2 + H 2 O 1.630
C o 2 + + 2^ ?± Co 0.277
3+ 2+
+ ^^± 1.92
2+
C r + 2^ ^± Cr 0.90
Cr 3 + + ^ ^ ± C r 2 + 0.424
Cr 2 O^" + 14H+ + 6e <=> 2Cr 3 + + 7H2O 1.36
Cu + + e «± Cu 0.520
Cu 2 + + 2CN" + e ?± Cu(CN)^ 1.12
Cu 2 + + ^ Cu + 0.159
Cu 2 + + 2^ «± Cu 0.340
Cu 2 + + 2^ «± Cu(Hg) 0.345
Eu 3 + + ^ ^ E u 2 + 0.35
1/2F2 + H + + e <± HF 3.053
F e 2 + + 2^ ?± Fe 0.44
Fe3++e^Fe2+ 0.771
Fe(CN)^" + e <=t Fe(CN)^" 0.3610

(continued)

808
TABLE C.I (continued)

Reaction Potential, V

2H + + 2e «± H 2 0.0000
2H 2 O 4 2e <± H 2 4 2OH~ 0.828
+
H 2 O 2 4 2H + 2e <± 2H 2 O 1.763
2Hg 2 + + 2e +± Hg 2 2+ 0.9110
+
Hg^ + 2e<^2Hg 0.7960
Hg 2 Cl 2 + 2e <± 2Hg + 2 0.26816
Hg 2 Cl 2 + 2<? «± 2Hg + 2 (sat'd. KCl) 0.2415
HgO + H 2 O+ 2e <± Hg 4 2OH~ 0.0977
Hg 2 SO 4 + 2e <=* 2Hg + SO2;" 0.613
I 2 + 2e *± 21" 0.5355
I3 + 2*«±3I~ 0.536
K + 4 e *± 2.925
+
Li + <? ^± Li 3.045
Mg 2 + 4 2e z± Mg 2.356
M n 2 + + 2e ?± Mn 1.18
M n 3 + 4 e <=* M n 2 + 1.5
MnO 2 + 4H + 4 2e *± M n 2 + + 2H 2 O 1.23
4 + 8H + 4 5e +± M n 2 + + 4H 2 O 1.51
Na + 4 e <± Na 2.714
N i 2 + + 2e <± Ni 0.257
Ni(OH)2 + 2e «± Ni + 2OH" 0.72
O 2 4 2H + + 2^ ?± H 2 O 2 0.695
O 2 + 4H + + 4^ ?± 2H 2 O 1.229
O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4^ ?± 4OH~ 0.401
+
O 3 + 2H + 2^ <=^ O 2 4 H 2 O 2.075
P b 2 + + 2e ?± Pb 0.1251
P b 2 + + 2e ?± Pb(Hg) 0.1205
PbO 2 + 4H + + 2^ ^ P b 2 + + 2H 2 O 1.468
PbO 2 4 SOl~ 4 4H + 4 2e <± PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O 1.698
PbSO 4 4 2e <± Pb + S O ^ 0.3505
P d 2 + + 2e «± Pd 0.915
Pt 2 + + 2e ?± Pt 1.188
PtCl|" + 2e ?=> Pt 4 4 0.758
PtClg" + 2^ i=± PtCl^" + 2 0.726
Ru(NH 3 )^ + ^ ^ R u ( N H 3 ) i + 0.10
S + 2^ <± S2~ 0.447
Sn 2 + 4 2^ <± Sn 0.1375
Sn 4 + 4 2^ *± Sn 2 + 0.15
Tl + + ^ TI 0.3363
Tl + + g +± Tl(Hg) 0.3338
T l 3 + + 2^ <^ Tl + 1.25
3+
u + ^^ 1.66
U4+ + ^ ^ U 3 + 0.52
UO j + 4H + 4 ^ ?± U 4 + 4 2H 2 O 0.273
UO^ + 4 ^ ?± U O j 0.163

(continued)
810 • Appendix C. Reference Tables

TABLE C.I (continued)

Reaction Potential, V

V 2 + + 2e<±W -1.13
v 3+ + e±±V2+ -0.255
vo 2 + + 2H + + e ^±V 3 + + H2O 0.337
voj -t- 2H + + e <^ V O 2 + H- H 2 O 1.00
Zn 2+ H - 2e ^± Zn -0.7626
ZnO 2 - + 2H2O + 2^^±Zn + 4OH" -1.285
a
The data in this table are mainly taken from A. J. Bard, J. Jordan, and
R. Parsons, Eds., "Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions," Marcel
Dekker, New York, 1985 (prepared under the auspices of the
Electrochemistry and Electroanalytical Chemistry Commissions of
IUPAC). Other sources of standard potentials and thermodynamic data
include: (1) A. J. Bard and H. Lund, Eds., "The Encyclopedia of the
Electrochemistry of the Elements," Marcel Dekker, New York,
1973-1986. (2) G. Milazzo and S. Caroli, "Tables of Standard
Electrode Potentials," Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1977. The data
here are referred to the NHE based on a 1-atm standard state for H2.
See the footnote in Section 2.1.5 concerning the recent change in
standard state.

Table C.2 Selected Formal Potentials in

Aqueous Solution at 25°C in V vs. NHEa

Reaction Conditions Potential, V

Cu(II) + e *± Cu 1MNH 3 + 1 M N H^ 0.01

lMKBr 0.52
Ce(IV) + e ±± Ce(III) IMHNO3 1.61
1MHC1 1.28
IMHCIO4 1.70
1MH 2 SO 4 1.44
Fe(III) + e ±± Fe(II) 1MHC1 0.70
10MHC1 0.53
IMHCIO4 0.735
1MH 2 SO 4 0.68
2MH3PO4 0.46
Fe(CN)^" + e ±± Fe(CNf)^" 0.1MHC1 0.56
1MHC1 0.71
1MHC1O 4 0.72
Sn(IV) + 2e *± Sn(II) 1MHC1 0.14
a
The data in this table are taken mainly from G. Chariot, "Oxidation-
Reduction Potentials," Pergamon, London, 1958. Additional values are found
in J. J. Lingane, "Electroanalytical Chemistry," Interscience, New York,
1958, and L. Meites, Ed., "Handbook of Analytical Chemistry," McGraw-
Hill, New York, 1963.