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Sir Bakht Khan

Gender Studies - CSS
Lecture 01 (Introduction)

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CHA P TER # 1

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INTRODUCTION

• This unit introduces students to foundational

concepts in the study of gender and critically
engages with questions of identity, sexuality, family,
the body, cultural practices and gender norms in
light of contemporary gender theories.

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INTRODUCTION

• Basic concepts
• Sex vs Gender
• Patriarchy
• Feminism
• Masculinity
• Gender Mainstreaming
• Gender Discrimination

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SOME USEFUL JARGONS
ANDROGYNY a combination of masculine and feminine traits
MISOGYNY dislike or hatred towards women
PATRIARCHY rule of men
MATRIARCHY rule of women
HETROSEXUAL with other gender
HOMOSEXUAL with in the same gender
TRANGENDERS gender identity is different from birth sex.

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GENDER VS SEX

GENDER SEX

CULTURAL BIOLOGICAL

SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED NATURAL

MAY CHANGE UNIVERSAL

WRO STEREOTYPE, TRADITIONAL ROLES WRO PHYSICAL BODY

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GENDER VS SEX

• Robert Stoller in the 1960 has drawn a distinction between the two
• Gender refers to the attitudes, feelings and behavior that a given culture
associates with a persons biological sex.
• Gender refers to socially constructed behaviors.
• Sex refers to a persons biological status as a male or a female.
• Sex has numerous indicators such as chromosomes, gonads, reproductive
organs and genitalia.

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 WOMEN STUDIES
WOMEN STUDIES IS THE STUDY OF WOMEN AND GENDER IN EVERY FIELD.

• Women studies was an offshoot of second wave of feminism.

• Women studies is older than gender studies
• Women studies will favor women for the most
• Women study concentrates:
1. Study of women, masculinity and femininity, female culture, academic
discipline, male society and culture, theory and practice of gender.
2. Other subjects include race, ethnicity, science and technology, health
,education and need of networking within women organization

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WOMEN STUDIES VS GENDER
STUDIES
WOMEN STUDIES GENDER STUDIES

Political in nature Apolitical in nature

Off shoot of 2nd wave of feminism Off shoot of 3rd wave, reaction to women studies

Emerged in 1960s Emerged in 1980s

Narrow scope Wider Scope

Conservative Liberal

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NEED AND ORIGIN OF WOMEN
STUDIES
• Women's absence from position of power, policy and decision-making
has intensified the need for women to establish an academic platform.
• Initiated with second wave of women's movement in the late 1960's
• By 1969 formal education program were launched in US.
• In Pakistan, Institute of Womens's Studies Lahore (IWSL) established in
1986 and resulted in creation of Women's Division in Pakistan.
• This division funded Women Studies Centre's at five universities in
Pakistan.

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GENDER STUDIES

• Gender studies is an interdisciplinary study

devoted to gender identity and
representation as central categories of
analysis.This field includes women's studies,
men's studies and queer studies.

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GENDER STUDIES

• Academic study of phenomena of Gender

• Looks at social and cultural ideas of masculinity and femininity
• Also examines how the world is gendered e.g. girls and boys
clothing.
• In gender studies, the term "gender" should be used to refer to the
social and cultural constructions of masculinities and femininities
and not to the state of being male or female in its entirety.

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MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF GS

• Gender studies include women's studies, men's studies and LGBT (

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender)
• Pertinent to many disciplines theory, drama, film, art, history and
sociology.
• Gender studies created by activists and their mission is to identify,
analyze, and correct social inequities both locally and globally.

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MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF GS

• Wide range of disciplines (Anthropology, Sociology, Economics, Pol.

Science, Economics, Religion, Psychology, Literature, History, Biology)
• Every aspect of life (fields). Gender/sex plays a role in almost all spheres
of life. We read the world through gendered glasses, and media,
institutions, families, social networks and many other arenas construct
gendered distinctions and norms for "proper" gendered behaviors and
appearances.

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AUTONOMY VS INTEGRATION DEBATE
IN GENDER STUDIES
• Autonomy is separatist approach of feminists for developing
women's education separate from other disciplines like Men's
studies and LGBT.

• Integration is a moderate strategy to transform academe in every

corner and every process rather than a single small program
focusing on woman.

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STATUS OF GS IN PAKISTAN

• The center of excellence of gender studies (CEWS) established in 1989.

• First M.A started in University of Karachi in 1996 and now many
Universities offer degree in Gender studies.
• Postgraduate, MSc and PHD programs offered in Pakistan Universities.
• Pattern and content are same as taught in Europe and other countries.
• Indigenous content is absent.

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GS/WS AS A DISCIPLINE IN PAK

Institute of Women Development Studies—University of Sindh, Jamshoro 1994

ii. Women’s Studies Department—AIOU 1997
iii. Women’s Research and Resource Center—FJWU, RWP
iv. Women’s studies center—QAU, Isl
v. Center of Excellence for Women Studies—University of Karachi
vi. Women’s studies center—University of Baluchistan, Quetta.
vii. Department of women’s studies—PU, LHR
viii. Department of women’s studies—Peshawar University
ix. Gender and Development Studies Department—LCWU.LHR
x. Govt. Fatima Jinnah College, LHR

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ROLE OF MEDIA

• Article in Dawn :
Gender Relation by
Amin valliani
• Women and children
issues by Rafia Zakria

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FUNDING

• MOWD
• HEC
• ILO
• UNICEF
• BRITISH COUNCIL

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PROFESSIONAL
ACHIEVEMENTS OF WOMEN
STUDIEZS

• Pakistan women studies

association was formed.
• Idea conceived by Ms Sabeeha
Hafeez 1987
• Idea implemented by Ms Tahira
Aftab in year 1991

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ADD ONS

• We are victims of evil customs ,

it is a crime against humanity
that our women are shut up
with in four walls of the houses
as prisoners. There is no
sanction anywhere for the
deplorable condition in which
our women have to live. M.Ali
Jinnah

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ADD ONS

• To call women the weaker sex

is a libel, it is man's injustice to
woman. If by strength is meant
brute strength then indeed,
woman is less brute than man. If
by strength is meant moral
power, then woman is
immearably man's superior.
Mahatma Gandhi

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ADD ONS

•Man with the head and woman with the

heart, man to command and women to
obey, all else confusion.
(Alfred, Lord Tennyson, 1842)

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