Spaghetti bridge

instituto politécnico nacional, unidad profesional interdisciplinaria de ingeniería hidalgo.

highway "pachuca-actopan" kilometer 1 + 500, mpio. san agustín tlaxiaca hidalgo
estudillo edizón abisai abisai7u7edison@gmail.com
islas charco joel omar joelislas128@gmail.com
zamora juarez victor cristobal criszamorack9@gmail.com
sebastian diaz alexander alexseda40@gmail.com
lópez de los ángeles eduardo eduardolopezdla3@gmail.com

abstract- a laboratory practice was performed where a spaghetti most real structures are made from several armor joined
bridge was built and subjected to a vertical force that started together to form a space armor. the simple armor, are those
from the center of the bridge towards the bottom, forming a armor that are obtained from a rigid triangular armor, adding
tension force. two new elements and connecting them in a new node. if we
according to the magnitude of the applied force of calculations to
determine the bridge resistensia
add two new elements to a rigid triangular armor and connect
them in a new node, a rigid structure is also obtained.
the armors obtained by repeating this procedure are called
simple reinforcements. it can be verified that in a simple
I. INTRODUCTION reinforcement the total number elements is: m = 2 n -3, where
n is the total number of nodes.
this project is about design and create a bride with spaghetti,
kolaloca and bicarbonate, that allow charge the most weight
possible, in order to make a greater analysis regarding the
structures, putting into practice the theory and learning more
about that.

II. OBJECTIVES

a. general objectives
analyze the amount of load that the bridge can support
before collapsing.

b. specific objectives
-identify which bridge model can support the most load. Fig. 01 y fig 0.2 Armors for bridges.
-understand better the operation of a bridge when being
subjected to a load
-resist as much tension as possible Important considerations for the analysis of an armor
-calculate the resistance of the bridge in the first case tend to stretch the element and it is in tension
or traction; in the second figure they tend to compress the
element and it is in compression.
III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK b. armor analysis

analysis of an armature by the method of nodes

A. armor
It is a assembly of thin and straight elements that support
mainly axial loads (tension and compression) in those
elements. the elements that make up the reinforcement, are
joined at their end points by means of frictionless lysis pins
located on a plate called "plate of union ", or by means of
welding, reaches, screws, to form a rigid framework.
as the elements or members are thin and unable to support
lateral loads, all the loads must be applied in the joints or
nodes. it is said that an armor is rigid if it is designed so that it
will deform a lot under the action of a small load.
types of armors
simple armors
the method of the nodes allows us to determine the forces in
the different elements of a simple armor. consists in:
1.-obtain the reactions in the supports from the dcl of the
complete armor.
2.-determine the forces in each of the elements making the dcl
of each of the nodes or unions. it is recommended to start by
analyzing those nodes that have no more than two unknowns.
if the force exerted by an element on a bolt is directed towards
the bolt, said element is in compression; if the force exerted
by an element on the bolt is directed away from it, said element
is in tension.
B. analysis of an armor by the method of sections
the method of the sections for the analysis of reinforcements
is based on the balance of the rigid body of a part of the
reinforcement.
steps to analyze an armor by the method of the sections.
perform a free body diagram on the complete armor.
1.-write the equations of equilibrium and solve these equations
to determine the reactions in the supports.
2.-locate the members of the armor for which you wish to find
the forces. mark each of them with two short strokes as shown
in the figure.
3.-draw a line (cut) through the armor to separate it into two
parts. it is not necessary that the line be straight, but must
separate the armor in two appropriate parts. likewise, it must
be taken into account that each of the parts of the
reinforcement must contain at least one complete member
(without cutting).
4.-select one of the parts of the armature sectioned in step 3
and draw a free body diagram of it. unless you have other
information, assume that the unknown forces in the members
are tension.
5.-write the equilibrium equations for the parts selected in step
4. if in step 3 it was necessary to cut more than three members
with unknown forces in them, it may be necessary to consider
additional parts of the armature or nodes separately. to
determine the unknowns.
6.-solve the set of equations obtained in step 5 to determine
the unknown forces.
7.-REPEAT STEPS 3 THROUGH 6, AS REQUIRED, TO COMPLETE
THE ANALYSIS.
IV. MATERIALS
● paper and pencils
● 1 pound of dry spaghetti
● hot glue gun and glue sticks
● ruler
● 1 sheet of newspaper
to share for the class:
● a measurement pattern
● 2-3 sheets of newspaper
● 2 desks or tables at the same height from the ground
● weights (books of the same size work well)
V. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRACTICE
the bridge to be built must have a minimum length of 20 ''
(50.8 cm), but in this test on the bridge resistance was
performed with half the measurement; then corresponding
calculations were made to form a side base of said bridge,
which resulted in two joined beams made of 20 spaghetti
cylinders glued each, forming a total length of approximately
25 cm. and to these beams will be adhered the vertical and
diagonal poles to form the structure in w or triangular if it can
be called in this way, and thus in this way the lateral structures
would be assembled.
lateral structure
the two upper beams joined by the vertical and diagonal poles
are shown.
as seen in figure 1.1 and figure 1.2.
1 2
figure 1.1 figure 1.2
once the construction of the lateral parts of the bridge has been
completed, a structure must be devised to keep them together
and with the minimum deformations that any distribution of
loads on the bridge can cause.
and this central structure was also formed with beams formed
with 8 cylinders of spaghetti, which joined the nodes of the
lateral structures of the bridge.
the process of developing the bridge according to the days
elapsed, is described as follows:
First day:
we incorporated into the design some form of construction /
assembly pattern that would make the sides and bottom of the
bridge stronger. investigating bridge designs and based on
that, make our sketch.
figure. 1.3 sketch of the bridge
Second day:
material purchases were made and began with the construction
of the lower bridge, the lower supports, as well as the
elaboration of spaghetti stacks.
 [3] alonso, m. y finn, e. (1976). física. volumen i: mecánica. méxico,
fondo educativo interamericano, s.a. editores, s.a. de c.v

Figure. 1.4 spaghetti stacks

Third day:
the lower part of the bridge was completed and the lateral
beams were made, more spaghetti cylinders were made and a
lateral beam was completed.

Figure. 1.5 lateral beam

Fourth day:
it was concluded with the 2 lateral beams and the lower parts
of the bridge were assembled; the glue used with the carbonate
was reinforced.

Fifth day:
details of the construction were refined the assembly was
finished and small tests of the supports were made.

Figure 1.6 bridge finished

VI. CONCLUSIONS
we think that physics is important, but in cases like this is vital,
because you can calculate or approximate the weight that it
can charge, it’s something that allow us choose the design. in
a construction of a real bridge the design and all calculations
that it entails it’s so complex but vital for prevent accidents.

REFERENCES
[1] serway, k. y beichner r (2002) física. tomo i. méxico, mcgraw hill
interamericano, s.a. editores, s.a.
[2] boor, f., y johnston, r (1990) estática. mecánica vectorial para
ingenieros. méxico, d.f., méxico. mc graw hill interamericana editores,
s.a. de c:v.