EXPLAIN how different TYPES OF EVIDENCE support the ‘Out of Africa’ theory.

Complete your response in this document.

The out of Africa theory is a widely acknowledged idea that modern humans originated in eastern Africa
from 200,000 to 250,000 years ago. THis idea is supported by a wide range of scientific and
archaeological finds such as ancient human tools, geological data showing climatic variations from then
versus now, and genetic link between modern humans and early humans. Genetic evidence shows that
all modern humans descended from the first eastern Africans. Artifactual evidence shows that ancient
tools age oto the migration timeline predicted by professionals. Climatic evidence has been invaluable to
our understanding because it proves how early humans would have left Africa. Accordingly, the out of
Africa theory corresponds to archaeological and scientific knowledge correlates to inferences suggested
by archaeologists and geologists.

The first piece of evidence which supports this theory is genetic evidence, or how genes have been
passed down through generations, from the people of the Omo valley to the first families in Arabia to
the rest of the world. According to mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic trees and Y chromosome analysis, all
living humans and their Descendants descended from early eastern Africans in Ethiopia. This supports
the out of Africa theory by proving that everyone descends from them, proving that humans left Africa
someway or another.

The out of Africa theory is also supported by artifactual evidence, a trail of camps with ancient human
tools which followed a path out of through eastern Ethiopia, out into Arabia, through the shoreline, then
spreading out into the rest of the world. Going back to Arabia, it’s certain that people who left Africa left
into Arabia through the red sea. The Arabian desert is still covered with multitudes of ancient stone
spearheads, and other artifacts. These tools are the oldest homo sapien tools found outside Africa,
ranging back to 200,000 years old. America's oldest tools are only 18,000 years old, with Australia's
oldest 45,000 and eastern Asia’s 46,000. This greatly strengthens the theory by showing how humans
spread out of Africa and into the rest of the world.

Crucially, there is also evidence that shows that it was a lot more doable to leave Africa 250,000 years
ago than today, as the Earth's geology was very different (providing that you don’t have any modern
technology, just stone and wood tools). Back then, sea levels were a lot lower. The red sea, which now is
30 km long, was only 11 km long. It was so much shorter that some geologists even say that there was a
point where you could walk it. But when people left into Arabia, how did they survive the hot desert
without fresh water? Since sea levels were a lot lower, people had much greater access to fresh water
springs which now you have to dive deep to reach. Also, some more northern parts of Arabia were lush
and green back then, but now have faded into desert. Ultimately, this evidence has been essential to our
understanding because it proves how people would have left Africa without advanced water crafts such
as ships, rafts, and kayaks.

The out of Africa theory has been formed due to the significant evidence of early humans in Africa and
their gradual expansion to other parts of the world. This is backed up by genetic evidence, artifacts,
scientific estimations of the geology of the world 200,000 years ago. The evidence clearly demonstrates
this by showing real scientific data proving that we all descended from the first Africans, and using
artificial and geological knowledge to solve the question of how people spread out of Africa. While some
aspects, like what's the deal with the 175,000 to 195,000 year old “Misilya cave jaw” found in israel
remain shrouded gaps in our understanding, the evidence clearly shows the out of Africa theory is in fact
correct.