Union of states ....

Federation : The term federalism refers to the constitutionally allocated distribution of powers b/w
Two or more levels of govt. in the modern nation state system - one, at the national level and other
at the state, provincial or local level.

Federation 2 condition -/

1.. Two or more than pol unit came

2.Division of power

True federation : usa independence small states that are soverign came together an dform large
unit called as united stated of america coming together federation large unit indestructible and
small unit is also indestructible

Quasi federal : India as an example of holding together where large unit hold all small states
together .Large unit indestructible while small unit is destructible - Union of states

Confideration : voluntarily small units came and form large unit . Large unit is destructible while the
smaller ond is indestructible.

Coming together federation - United is for example usa because there is soveign states came
together and form

While union is for india where large unit hold small states and this is quasi federal with unitary tilt

ARTICLE 3 - FIDAA- FORM NEW STATEE, INCREASE BOUNDRIES, DECRESE BOUNDRIES, ALTER AREA,
ALTER THE NAME
Federalism

The term fed refers to the constitutionally allocated of powers between two or more level of
government in the Modern Nation-State system one at National level and other at state level.

USA got its Independence on 4th July 1776, declared itself as UNITED states of America because
there was agreement of forming together with several sovereign States like Texas, New Jersey,
Washington etc.

Thus USA follows TRUE FEDERALISM as it decided to form a large State with several sovereign states.

India in other hand is not true federalism.

India has division of powers in Union and State level.

India was very large State during British rule and they divided into several provinces for better
administration.

As per KC WHEREAS

" INDIA IS QUASI FEDERALISM"

India do not explicitly true federal but follows spirit of Federalism.

It follows moral values of Federalism.

So, India is Quasi-Federal with Unitary tilt which is called Centralized Federalism.

Article 1- India that is Bharat shall be UNION of states.. which is Quasi-Federal.

Difference between Federalism, Quasi Federal and Confederation.

USA is Federalism where it is indestructible both at central and state level with a Agreement.
India is Quasi Federal where it is Indestructible at Central level but destructible in state level.

EU is Confederation where it is destructible at central but not at state.

1st schedule was of four parts.

Part A states ( Under Governor)

Former governor's provinces.

AS, BR, BOMBAY, MP, MADRAS, ORRISA, PB,UP&WB

Part B( eight princely states )

HYD, JK, MADHYA BHARAT, MYSORE, PATIALA, EPSU? RJ? SAURASHTRA, TRAVANCORE- COCHIN.

PART C ( TEN FORMER CHIEF COMMISSIONER)

AJMER, BHOPAL, BILASPUR, COORD, DELHI, HP, KUTCH, MN, TR AND AR

PART D ( ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS)

Artcile 3

Formation of new states

Increase of size of states

Decrease size of states

Alter the name

Alter the size

DHAR COMMISSION
There was demand from different regions especially from south India for states on linguistic basis.

On June 1948 GOI appointed

The commission later rejected basis of linguistic.

1. Geographical contiguity

2. Financial self-reliance

3. Administrative viability

4. Potential for development

Due to heavu resentment and protest, GOI reconsider the recommendation and appointed

JVP committee

( Jawarlal Nehru, Vallabai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramiya)

1st april 1949 at Jaipur session

Said they kept HALF DOOR OPEN.

But later there was protest in Madras at Telugu speaking areas for demand of Vishal Andhra...

Potti Sitaramulu a congress leader and veteran Gandhinan death for 56days of hunger protest.

This led to GOI to form a state on Linguistic om Dec 1952 an formed ANDHRA PRADESH.

since then there was demand of many states.

FAZL ALI COMMISSION.

Recommended

On 1955
1. Linguistic and cultural homogenity

2. Security of nation.

3. Financial and economic and administrative

4. Planning and promotion of the welfare of people

Thus the

STATE REORGANIZATION ACT 1956 was formed

1. Hyd to tranfer to AP

2. Travancore- cochin to Madras.

3. Formation of KL state.

4. Mysore state

5. Bombay

6. MP RJ PB

AMMENDMENT OF 1ST SCHEDULE

SAVING POWERS OF STATE GOVT.

Thus since then Part A, B, C and D was repealed and 1st schedule was amended on 7th CAA 1956

And it is divided into States and Union Territory.

Thus, Dr. Ambedkar said

India can be both Unitar and Federal accordint to Time and Circumstances

This is called Opportunistic Federalism.