You are on page 1of 6

.

:
.1999-
418

36


-
-
, ,
.


.
,
.

, ,
: -,
, ' -
.

.

?
,

. 1999-


.
2
,


: .
500-
,
,
.
:


- ) 1
.(1

,
.
: ,
, , ,
.
,
)
6 (
. ?
,
,
50 .

:1

,,


,
,
:
- , ,
-


.

)"( ,
, )"(,
," .


: ,
.
-- - "
".
- 2005
.
:

:
,
." , ,
.

" ,

. "

.


, .

,
.- ,
7.5 -
16- , 6,000-
, 83- 377-
) .(2
:-

,- ,
,
, ,
-
.

?

?
, ,
?
"

,
,
) , (

.
:
.1 ,

37

:2 -
5
4
3
3.22

3.22

3.17

2.79

3.22

2.9

2
1

, ,

.
-
-
:


.
.2 .
.3
' -' ,
.


.

.

, ) (Efficacy
, )
( )
(.

,
.

418

38

,

.

. ,
,
.
-
- :
.

. 2002
, " ".

:
"


.

:
3
, '".


. 2002-
,

" " . ,
, .

2002 .
,
78%-
54% ,

)
(92% ,

.

.


,
.

.

,

.
2004-

.

.

2002 -

,


. ,
,
, ,
, ,
.

) (.
-
,

.



.

:
.

. 2
.



.
) ,
( ,
) ,
( .
:
.
,
. :
"

,

.-
, ,

:1
| 1900 : .6 : 3-2

" 4,

" ) ( ,
.
, ,

.
-
,
.
-


-
.

,
.
.

.
" " " ,

39

:1 -

4
5.1
4.5
4.5
6.25
6.6
6.3
6.6
6.3

2005
2004
1999
1973
1927
1837
1759
1546
1202

:2 - 7.5-

4,200-
70-50

2,200-
50-30

2,500-
30

.-
" , ,
.
"
.


.


.

5

.

.
- ,
.
-
.
" , ,
.

, "

-
.
"

.
- ,
.
"

.
" 24 .
" )-
" (1951

:2

418

40

16,000

6,000

83,000

390,000

10,000

.1999-
- . 6.7 |
,

.

,


.
" "
.

,

." -
, " )

( -

.

.1 "

' " )'( "
" - -.

) ,
(
.

.2
.7.5

.
.3 " , " ,
28 , 2002
.4 ,
2004 ,
Enrico L. Quarantelli, "Ten Criteria .5
for Evaluating the Management of
Community Disasters", Disasters 21,
1997, pp. 39-56

41

You might also like