ee) Models of Leadership Questions Latest Models of Leadership MCQ Objective Questions CER AB Leer) Ree Start Complete Exam Preparation as Bete Pann oe parca Clietes { Download App Question 1: View this Question Online > In Leader-Member exchange theory, which one of the following objectives is not the focus ? 1. Subordinates' responsibilities 2. Enhancing decision-making ability of subordinates 3. Increasing follower's access to resources 4. Training of followers to. become future leaders 5. Both 1,802 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Training of followers to become future leaderscoaching Tate [-womeste | oft aa C-S-leia (Lem ole) govt. exams Under One Roof ed ey eas od Models of Leadership Question 1 Detailed Solution Leader-Member exchange theory + The Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX), also called the Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory, describes how leaders maintain their position in groups and how they develop relationships with other members that can contribute to growth or hinder development. + The Leader-Member Exchange Theory first emerged in the 1970s + It focuses on the relationship that develops between managers and members of their teams + The theory states that all relationships between managers and subordinates go through three stages. + The goal of LMX theory is to explain Whe organizations + According to the theory, leaders form strong trust, emotional, and respect-based relationships with some members of a team, but not with others. + LMX theory claims that leaders do not treat each subordinate the same. + LMX theory is an exceptional theory of leadership as unlike the other theories, it concentrates and talks about specific relationships between the leader and each subordinate + Relationships between managers and team players must be good. + Managers will separate employees into three groups, the in-group, the task group, and the out-group + Managers expect employees to work hard, be loyal, and trustworthy. + LMX theory makes a dyadic relationship between leaders and followers the focal point of the process +s of leadership on members, teams, and Following are the objectives + Subordinates’ responsibilities + Enhancing decision-making ability of subordinates + Increasing follower's access to resourcesTeese eon) Elam (CM Cmte l eel) RCC CDR Sc Pon baad Mock Tests ie Cee bi Download App Question 2: View this Question Online’ Whe Woved the four I's of transformational leadership? 1. Bernard A. Bass 2. Herzberg 3. Peter F. Drucker 4, Keynes Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Bernard A. Bass Models of Leadership Question 2 Detailed Solution The correct answer is Bernard A. Bass. © Key Points Bernard M. Bass developed “ of transformational leadership. He built upon the of James MacGregor Burns, wholfifgh introduced the concept of transformational leadership. Here's what the four I's stand for + Idealized Influence: Transformational leaders are role models who embady high ethical standards and inspire trust and respect from their followers. * Intellectual Stimulation: They encourage innovation and creativity, challenge existing assumptions, and foster an environment where followers question the status quo. + Individualized Consideration: They understand that each follower has unique needs and support their development and growth in personalized ways. + Inspirational Motivation: They create a compelling vision for the future and motivate followers to achieve shared goals by communicating optimism and instilling a sense of purpose.vo ieee anu Bec ly Start Complete Exam Preparation Re cota lees oe ps MasteClasces LIB J Question Bank Download App Exo Question 3: View this Question Online > Which of the following adopters have moféopinion leadership in the society___? 1, Innovators 2. Early majority 4. Late majority Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Early adopters Models of Leadership Question 3 Detailed Solution Early adopters are a group of people who adopt new ideas or products before theimajority of the population. Q Key Points + They are considered to be opinion leaders because they are often respected and influential within their communities + They are seen as early trendsettérs afid their opinions are valued by others. * Innovators, on the other hand, are the first to adopt new ideas or products. + The early majority and late majority are groups of people who adopt new ideas or products ete thee precast ee et Ohara ala ttiireHence, the correct answer is early adopters. CR ABR Uke il Start Complete Exam Preparation reer Download App I PS ed Question 4: View this Question Online > Match the following : List! List 11 @ Eentingeny () Kaith Davis (©) ystems school] (ii) Herbert A. Simon juman (9) behavior ii) Hoan, .chool Naor (iv) R.A Johnson 1. a-iii, b- i, c-iv,d-i 2. a- ii, b-iv,c-id 3. a- ii, b-ic-iv,d 4. a-iv, b-iii,c-ii,d-i aCe a oraSte Ae ee ee) Option 1: a- ii, b-fi,c-iv,d- Models of Leadership Question 4 Detailed Solution The correct answer is a - iii, b - ii, c-iv,d -i. © Key Points Contingency school + The contingency school of management thought argues that theres no one-size-fits-all approach to management, and that the most effective management stylé will depend on the specific situation. This school of thought is based on the.idea that organizations are complex systems and that there are many factors that can influence their success or failure. Systems school The systems school of management tH@UGht views organizations as complex systems that are made up of interconnected parts. This school Oftfigught is based on the idea that organizations are not isolated entities, but rather they interact with end are influenced by their environment. Human behavior school The human behavior school of management thought focuses on the human aspects of management, such as motivation, leadership, and group dynamics. This school of thought is based on the idea that people are complex creatures with their own needs, wants, and motivations. Des ion theory school The decision theory school of management thought applies the principles of decision theory to management problems. This school of thought is based on the idea that managers need to make rational decisions in order to be successful. Decision theorists believe that managers should use a variety of decision-making tools and techniques to make the best possible decisions. They also believe that managers should consider all of the relevant factors when making a decision. & eee acca) CRTC Dan tect PS ela mean) (CM bcm nelle h acl) lees P ees Extra) Dos capes Download App Question 5: View this Question Online >Match the Leadership Style in List | with its main features in List Il. List! lLeadership| Style [The leader involves employees| in the decision-making Ilautocratic brocess as a team effort, and he decision is not made final kuti all employees agree wit it. + IBpemocratic aissez- Faire |The leader retai = power al and gives brde yees, complete obediencd orders issued [The employees have complete joal-setting, plan of action reparation, and decision- ‘aking power, with the leader's involvement almost inimal. The leader gives juidance only when requested, CG om Choose the correct answer from the options given below: A-IL B-1,.C-Ill 2. Actil, B-1, Cl 3. A-1,B-I1,C-Ill 4. None of the Above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: A-I1,B-1,C-lll Models of Leadership Question 5 Detailed SolutionList List Il * Itis also known as a directive or authoritative style of leadership. The leader retains the maximum power and _ authority for themselves, gives orders to their employees, |Autgcratic and expects them to obey the orders issued. + Itis also known asa participative, m... or democratic leadership style. The leader involves their employees in the decision making process as a team effort. Denfocratic’® decision is not made final until all the employees agree. + The main feature is that the employees have complete power for goal-setting, preparing an action plan, and making decisions, At the same time, the leader's Laissez- in. olyement in the decision-making process is minimal. The Fairk © employees become self-sufficient, and guidance is given by the leader only if requested. Hence the correct matching is A - II, B -1, C- Il Top Models of Leadership MC@ Objective Questions Indi 1 Learning Platform @ Trusted by 1,86,00,449+ Students Start Complete Exam Preparation a te a (te Cris Download App Question 6: View this Question Online > Fics caret alec cl ac pactspei ia nice ie beaiaar a 1. aggressive, rigid and skiliful 2. easy, sympathetic and popular co 3. order and action-oriented s oO 4 wan cn Xe Solution Below) ‘tion 1: aggressive, rigid and skillful Models of Leadership Question 6 Detailed Solution Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. © Key Points According to Pigors, “Leadership is a process of control in which by the assumption of superiority a person or group regulates the activities of others for purposes of his own choosing.” Characteristics of leadership are as follows: Leader is the total ideal of the followers. Leader is shown regard. Leader and followers influence each other. Leader's order is a command. Leader controls the other member of the group. Leader determines the group's conduct. Leader is a respected and revered person. Oo » Important Points G Dominant leader:- The leader is so-called because he maintains a relation of voy dominance with his followers or subordinates. He does not rule over th uccessful he may appear because of his power and authority. 0 + Leaders who obtain this status through dominance a ive and forceful-minded people and do not hesitate in getting their opinior do not flinch when they have to influence other people through intimi tactics. to their ruthless proactiveness, some people may think th integral in a group's success. + The best example of such a lea‘ is Steve Ballmer, former CEO at Microsoft, who was known for being a very tough individual, who had a lot to ask of its teams, and which definitely represents the ‘model’ for dominant leaders. Noy eens alias eae accel+ Dominant leaders are very unethical, selfish. * Can't accept criticism. + Lack of transparency. + Aggressive, rigid and skilful:- Dominant leaders are very aggressive and rigid but they are skillful communicators. + Biased * Not flexible. Thus, skillful. is concluded that The basic quality of dominant leadership is aggressive, rigid and Bod ieee anu Beet Start Complete Exam Preparation BUC aR Sein eto (cree Ctr foscopey Download App Question 7: View this Question Online > In Leader-Member exchange theory, which one of the following objectives is not the focus ? 1. Subordinates’ responsibilities 2. Enhancing decision-making ability of subordinates 3 ‘“” follower's access to resources 4. Training of followers to become future leaders Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : Training of followers to become future leaders Models of Leadership Question 7 Detailed Solution Leader-Member exchange theory+ The Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX), also called the Vertical Dyed Linkage Theory, describes how leaders maintain their position in groups and how they develop relationships with other members that can contribute to growth or hinder development + The Leader-Member Exchange Theory first emerged in the 1970s. + it focuses on the relationship that develops between managers and thembers of théir teams + The theory states that all relationships between managers and subordinates go through three stages. + The goal of LMX theory is to explain the effects of Jeadersiiip'6h members, teams, and organizations. % + According to the theory, leaders form strong trust, emotional, and respect-based relationships with some members of a team, but not with others. + LMX theory claims that leaders do fot tréatleach subordinate the same. + LMX theory is an exceptional theory of leadership as unlike the other theories, it concentrates and talks atv6Ui§pecific relationships between the leader and each subordinate. + Relationships between managat’ 3nd team players must be good. + Managers will separate employees into three groups, the in-group, the task group, and the out-group + Managers expect employees to work hard, be loyal, and trustworthy, + LMX theory makes a dyadic relationship between leaders and followers the focal peint of the process. Following are the objectives + Subordinates’ + Enhancing deci of subordinates + Increasing followers access to resources eee eau) eee Start Complete Exam Preparation Wau re eee es Download App Question 8: View this Question Online > Bogardus has propounded the theory of ‘indirect leader’ who is regarded as 1. he indirectly exercises his influence over the group 2. he dwells in\the heart 6f his followers after his death 3 A... his qualities after his death4. he takes decisions but leave them for others to implement ‘Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : he indirectly exercises his influence over the group Models of Leadership Question 8 Detailed Solution o Key Points Psychologists have offered different classifications of leadership. Bogardus (1940) has described five types of leadership: + Direct and indirect + Partisan and scientific * Social, executive, and mental leadership + Autocratic, charismatic, paternal, and.dem@eratic + Prophet, Saint, Expert oss » Important Po m" \ Bogardus has propounded the theory of ‘indirect leader’ who is regarded as + Indirect leaders influence the thoughts of followers through the propounded concepts, theories, and guidelines. Under this category, we include scientists, authors and philosophers, etc « Indirect leaders indirectly exercises his influence over the group. Thus, it is concluded that Option 1 is correct. India's #1 Learning Platform CR oe Start Complete Exam Preparation Pr oie] Poses Cres ieetog DB Download App Question 9: View this Question Online > Match the following : Lict | List 11\>* (a) Eontingerey () Kaith Davis co (e) Systems school {ii) Herbert A. Simo e juman (2) behavior school (iv) A Johnson 1. a- iii, b- i, c-iv,d-i 2. a- ii, b-iv,c-i,d-ii 3. a-ii, b-ic-ivd 4. a-iv, b- iii, c-ii,d-i Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1: a- ili, b-ii,c-iv,d- Models of Leadership Question 9 Detailed Solution The correct answer is a - iii, b - ii, c-iv,d -i. © Key Points Contingency school + The contingency school of management thought argues that there is n approach to management, and that the most effective manageme specific situation. This school of thought is based on the idea that wt onthe ns are complex systems and that there are many factors that can influ or failure Systems school & The systems school of management jews Bie. as complex systems that are made up of interconnected parts. This scho ght is based on the idea that organizations are not isolated entities, but rather they interact with and are influenced by their environment. Human behavior school The human behavior school of management thought focuses on the human aspects ofEST AT ORE Neca ee eee Tene re DORON NRCC AES ME Ong eo ne ea NC Cad MER on the idea that people are complex creatures with their own needs, wants, and motivations. Decision theory school The decision theory school of management thought applies the principles of decision theory to management problems. This school of thought is based on the idea that managers need to make rational decisions in order to be successful. Decision theorists believe that managers should use a variety of decision-making tools and techniques to make the best possible decisions. They also believe that managers should consider all of the relevant factors when making a decision. & India's #1 Learning Platform Ree Oa cee tr Start Complete Exam Preparation Elen ses Daca Does holon restau Gas eter Download App Question 10: View this Question Online > Leadership is a socio-psychological assumption which is related with 1. the development of social values 2. the development of religious values 3. the preservation of cultural heritage 4, the guidance ofthe society » wer (Detailed Solution Below) ‘Option 4: the guidance of the society Models of Leadership Question 10 Detailed Solution Asocial identity theory of leadership Is described that views leadership as a group process generated by social categorization and prototype-based depersonalization processes.Explanation: Leadership and Society’ + Leadership can be formally defined as “The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts towards the achievement of some particular goals in a given situation.” + Another definition defines leadership as “Interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed through the communication process towards the attainment of a specialized goal(s)’. + Besides influence, leadership has been defined in terms of group processes, personality, power, goal achievement, interaction, role differentiation, etc. Socio-Psychological effects of a Lead There are a number of processes through which the leader influences Society. The most important of these are: + Suggestion : € + Imitation: + Persuasive argument; + Publicity; + Reliance upon the logic of events + A show of affectionate devotion + The creating of a typical problem situation - i caus a Leadership Styles: Three important styles of leadership behavior that are widely recognized to be highly useful and relevant for today's organizations are: + Autocratic Style: In this, policy and decisional authority is concentrated in the ligands of the leader. It is the leader who decides policies and modifies them according to his own wishes. This type of leader expect unquestioned acceptance of the leadership by their subordinates + Participative Style: This style is also called the democratic style of leadership. In this, leaders obtain the cooperation of the employees in achieving organizational goals. They allow the employees to participate in the decision-making process. All policies and decisions are arrived at through group discussions. A leader encourages and assists his colleagues and only provides alternatives instead of dictating the final decisions or policies + Laissez-faire style: In this type of leadership, the organization does not depend on the leader to provide external motivation. The employees motivate themselves. They enjoy greater freedom and the leader's particip: i Teese ce OREO cet Start Complete Exam Pre, ic eee GB eed Mock Tests MasteClasses (© J Question Bank & Quizzeshetero Question 11: View this Question Online > During the period of a social emergency the autocratic leader gets easier popularity than the democratic leader because 1. he exercises exclusive powers to reorient the group ae objectives 2, he exeautes his orders inaitepressed and eou- noi 3. he shines for shorter span on oe 4. he exists and pessny brief span of his leadership IANS Sption 1 : he exercises exclusive powers to reorient the group according to immediate objectives Models of Leadership Question 11 Detailed Solution Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization ina way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.Peter Drucker defined leader as someone who has followers. To gain followers requires influence but does not exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the world’s greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by many people today. oO Key Points Salient Features of Autocratic/Authoritarian/Production Centered leadership + Exercises close supervision. + Makes most decision himself. + Emphasizes production. Permits little or no initiative to subordinates + Gives detailed instructions and directions. + Subordinates’ suggestions and ideas are not allowed. + Authority oriented. Salient features of Democratic/Employee-centered leadership + Delegate authority and responsibilty. + Manages through objectives. < + Permits initiative and responsibility. ( a + Seeks and encourages employees’ suggestions. 4STS PaING CECH Tang. + Emphasizes production as well as employee satisfaction Aly sale = important Point Autocratic leader:- + He does not consult anyone in takin@l@esisions and leads by creating fear into the hearts of his followers and subordinates. + He keeps all his authority in his hends and appoints reliable subordinates at a crucial position. + Aleader of this kind is an officer end an authoritarian. He prefers to issue orders and punishes who disobey him. + The authoritarian or autocratic Sag Sa who likes to assert his authority. Democratic leader:- * This type of leader is of a democratic mould in his thoughts, modes of action, and conduct. + He takes advice from everyone and is always anxious to enlist the cooperation of anyone who is willing to give it. + His leadership is based upon sympathy, belief, and affection. + He does not call himself a leader and neither does he take all the authority into his own hands. During the period of a social emergency, the autocratic leader gets easier popularity than the democratic leader because he exercises exclusive powers to reorient the group according to immediate objectives. As democratic leader is authority-oriented and takes the decisions himself so he will judge the situation and take the exclusive powers to reorient the group during the period of social emergency. Thus, it is concluded that Option 1 is correct. 3 & eee ee Erica ee Start Complete Exam Preparation Cua ened Mock Tests MasterClasse Ces ieuccg Download App Question 12: View this Question Online > Managerial Grid model of leadership has concern for: 1. Process and project 2. People and product3. Pre-requisites and plans Oo 4, Planning and process G ™ of Answer (Detaile ) Opti product els of Leadership Question 12 Detailed Solution Managerial Grid model of leadership High 9 8 2 e g = 6 2£ € 5 + The managerial grid model (1964) is a style leadership medel developed by Robert R. Blake and Jane Mouton. + This model originally identified five different leadership styles based on the concern for people and the concern for production. + In this style, managers have low concern for both people and production. + The Managerial or Leadership Grid is used to help managers analyze their own leadership styles through a technique known as grid training. * This is done by administering a questionnaire that helps managers identify how they stand with respect to their concer for production and people. + The Leadership Grid is @ model of behavioral leadership developed in the 1960s to measure concern for production against concern for people. + The grid identifies five types of leaders: + The two dimensions of leadership, yewee impoverished Produce or Perish Middle of the Road Country Club Team. . concern for people on the ‘vertical’ axis and concern for production on the ‘horizontal’ axis. MANAGERIAL GRID 19 99 (Country club) (Team) Management Managementa4 oad TD] © 4 | (impoverished) (Task) Management | Management E 11 19 1 lw 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 High Concern for production + Managerial Grid Model is based on two behavioral dimensions: = Concern for people: This is the degree to which 2 leader considers the needs of team members, their interests, and areas of personal development when deciding how best to accomplish a task. » Concern for production: This is the degree to which a leader emphasizes concrete objectives, organizational efficiency, and high productivity when deciding how best to accomplish a task Therefore, the Managerial Grid model of leadership has concern for people and products. & ee ere Rec O aR ces tr Start Complete Exam Preparation if rea ented a aco Poca researc Petre Download App Question 13: View this Question Online > The Managerial Grid model was developed by 1. Hersey and Blanchard 2. Fiedler 3. RR. Blake and/J. Mouton 4, Mckinsey ~~ (Qotailed Solution Below) 1 aaa cr decanevy Models of Leadership Question 13 Detailed Solution Managerial Grid model of leadership + The managerial grid model (1964) is a style leadership model developed by Rebert R. Blake and Jane Mouton. + This model originally identified five different leadership styles based on the concem for people and the concern for production. + In this style, managers have low concern for both people and production. + The Managerial or Leadership Grid is used to help managers analyze their own leadership styles through a technique known as grid training. * This is done by administering a questionnaire that helps managers identify how they stand with respect to their concer for production and people. + The Leadership Grid is a model of behavioral leadership developed in the 1960s to measure concern for production against concern for people. + The grid identifies five types of leaders: Impoverished Produce or Perish Middle of the Road Country Club Team. yey for production on the ‘horizontal’ ax’s. MANAGERIAL GRID + The two dimensions of leadership, viz. concern for people on the ‘vertical’ axis and et) High 9 19 99 (Country club) (Team) Management | Management 55 Middle of the road Concem for people (impoverished) (Task) Management | Management 11 1.9 NOR AON OO N o° lw 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 Q High Concern for production * Managerial Grid Model is based on two behavioral dimensions: > Concern for people: This is the degree to which a leader considers the needs of team members, their interests, and areas accomplish a task of personal development when deciding how best to = Concern for production: This is the degree to which a leader emphasizes concrete objectives, organizational efficiency, and high productivity when deciding how best to accomplish a task. xCRE ad Start Complete Exam Preparation Gis as Download App Question 14: View this Question Online > “Tead’ has characterized the leadership through 1. neural and physical potentialities 2. friendship and affection 3. learning abilities 4. pity and goodness BiB 0-100 Solution Below) Option 1 : neural and physical potentialities Models of Leadership Question 14 Detailed Solution Explanation: + Ordway Tead (1891-1973) was an American organizational theorist, adjunct professor of industrial relations at Columbia University. + Ordway Tead, “Leadership is that combination of qualities by the possession of which one is able to get something done by others, chiefly because, through his influence, they become willing to do so. According to his book ‘The art of leadership'- + Leadership is the activity of influencing people to cooperate toward some goal which they come to find desirable. + Almost every study of the secrat of the successful leader has agreed that the possession of 3 generous and unusual endowment of physical and nervous energy is essential to personel ascendancy. He has characterized leadership through neural and physical potentialities. So Option 1 is correct.aR NTO egret NT NT ALO gE CNT NEES ap Re NN NT more sheer endurance, greater vigour of body and mind than the average person + The leader is one who knows with greater than average strength of intuition what He wants to get done and where he wants to go. The world stands aside to let pass the man who knows whither he is going. This means that he possesses clarity and precision as.to the objectives, purposes or aims thet he desires for himself and his group, and that he holds these deeply enough and permanently enough to see them well on the way to being realized. Purposefulness to be effective requires that the'aims are: > Definite 2 Readily communicable to » Potentially attractive to oi 2 Vigorously, persistently and Sr¥Rusiastically sustained by the leader. + Many leaders are in the first instance executives whose primary duty is to direct some enterprise or one of its departments or sub-units. It remains true that in every leadership situation the leader has to possess enough grasp of the ways and means, the technology and processes by means of which the purposes are being realized, to give wise guidance to the directive effort as a whole In general, the principle underlying success at the coordinative task has been found to be that every special and different point of view in the group affected by the major executive decisions should be fully represented by its own exponents when decisions are being reached. + These special points of view are inevitably created by the differing outlooks which different jobs or functions inevitably foster. The more the leader can know at first hand about the technique employed by all his group, the wiser will be his grasp of all his problems... But more and more the key to leadership lies in other directions. + It lies the inability to make a team out of a group of individual workers, to foster a team spirit, to bring their efforts together into a unified total result, to make them see the significance of the particular task each one is doing in relation to the whole. Se eR ee India's #1 Learning Platform eee Slam (MC m ele l ela) ras Cr Co we Download App Question 15: View this Question Online > Ateacher is a leader, he is the authority before the students, and so it is his right to lead. While leading the students, he should follow some important principles 1. Creating right atmosphefe in the class 2. Preparation and|planning / =4. All of these Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: All of these Models of Leadership Question 15 Detailed Solution «th The teacher is a very important component of the teaching-leamning process. The to play different roles in order to facilitate the learning process and to provide d real-life experiences. e + Mainly, the teacher has to lead the students and guides through the various teaching-learning activitie © Key Points nO The following principles should be ‘er learning experience teacher while leading the students: + The teacher should ‘ol style of "laissez-faire" leadership in which the leader provides direction, to implemer nd to influence their followers or “children”. * The teacher should pro\ opportunities to his students to make decisions and he should correct or guide them if they are going in the wrong direction. + He must create the right atmosphere in the class to motivate the students to try out things beyond their comfort zone so that they can explore and learn new skills. * A teacher has to do the preparation & planning of lessons, assessments, teaching teaching methods to be used, and to set up the aims and objectives to be achieved. and Hence, it could be concluded thet alll of these principles should be followed by a teacher while leading the students