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: 8 اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ
M أﺟﺪ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ ﻟـM(4,π/3, 4) ﺗﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ-1
M’(2,2,3) أﺟﺪ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ-2
ﺗﺬﻛﯿﺮ
(Calcul vectoriel) ( اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲI
( i , j , k ) ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪةB وA ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﯿﻦ-1
x
A
* A xA i y A j z A k A y A B xB i y B j z B k
z
A
x
B
B yB
z
B
A B x A x B i ( y A y B ) j ( z A z B ) k *ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﺒﻦ
A B A ( B ) x A x B i ( y A y B ) j ( z A z B ) k *طﺮح ﺷﻌﺎﻋﺒﻦ
()ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺟﺒﺮﯾﺔ A . B اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ-(1 -I
A . B A . B . cos( A , B ) ﻧﻌﺮف اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺪار
* A . B x A .x B ( y A . y B ) ( z A .z B ) اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ
A. B 0 A B ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪانB وA اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﺎن A . B 0 * اﻟﺠﺪاء
اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ
A وB اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯿﻦ
A. B ( x A .x B ) ( y A . y B ) ( z A .z B )
cos( A , B )
A.B A.B
B xB2 y B2 Z B2 . A x 2A y 2A Z A2 ﺣﯿﺚ
)ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯿﺔ( (2 -Iاﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻰ A B
A B 0 A // B اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﺎن Aو Bﻣﺘﻮازﯾﺎن *اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ A B 0
S A B * اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ Bو A
اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ) (ρ, θ, zو اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ )(x, y, z
* ﻟﻺﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ ( , , ) → ( , , ):ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ:
=
=
=
* ﻟﻺﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ( , , ) → ( , , ):ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ:
= +
=
=
A. B B . A 4 وﻣﻨﮫ
A وB ( اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯿﻦ2
ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ
A. B ( x A .x B ) ( y A . y B ) ( z A .z B )
cos( A , B )
A.B A.B
A x 2A y 2A Z A2 12 (1) 2 (1) 2 3 ﺣﯿﺚ
B x B2 y B2 Z B2 2 2 (1) 2 12 6
وﻣﻨﮫ
A. B (1.2) (1.1) (1.1) 4 4 4 2 2
cos( A, B )
3. 6 18 3 2 3
A.B A.B
2 ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ
ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
x 1
A
A i 2 j k A y A 2 و B 2 i j k و
z 1
A
x 2
B
B yB 1
z 1
B
x 1
c
C i j k و C yc 1
z 1
c
A . B ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ-1
A . B x A .x B ( y A . y B ) ( z A .z B ) ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻌﺮف ب
A . B 1.2 ((2).(1)) (1.1) ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
A. B 5
A B * ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻰ
ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻌﺮف ب
i j K
A B xA yA zA = ( y A zB yB z A ) i (x AzB xB z A ) j (x AyB xB y A ) k
xB yB zB
ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
i j K
A B 1 2 1 = ((2).1 (1).1) i (1.1 2.1) j (1.(1) 2.(2)) k
2 1 1
= i j 3 k
B A ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب B A * ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻰ
i j K i j K
B A xB yB zB = 2 1 1
xA yA zA 1 2 1
= ((1).1 (2).1) i (2.1 1.1) j (2.(2) 1.(1)) k = i j 3 k
A B i j 3 k
A B i j 3 k ( i j 3 k ) B A اذن
A B B A وﻣﻨﮫ
A وB ( ﺣﺴﺎب ا ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ2
S A B ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﻌﻼﻗﺔ A وB اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ
A B i j 3 k A B (1) 2 (1) 2 (3) 2 11 S A B 11 وﻣﻨﮫ
A B وC (ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ3
i j K
V C .( A B ) C . xA yA zA ﯾﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﻌﻼﻗﺔA B وC اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮن
xB yB zB
ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ
V A .( B C ) xC ( y A z B yB z A ) yC ( x A z B xB z A ) zC ( x A yB xB y A )
A B i j 3 k ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ
1
1
V C .( A B ) (1).1 1.1 3.1 3 اذن A B 1 وC 1
3 1
3ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ
ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
x 1 x 1
A B
A i 3 j 2k A y A 3 B i 2 j2 k و B yB2
z 2 z 2
A B
x 2
c
C 2 i j 3 k و C yc 1
z 3
c
C . B وC . A وB . A ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ-1
B . A x B .x A ( y B . y A ) ( z B .z A ) ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻌﺮف ب
B . A 1.1 2.3 (2).2 1 B. A 1 ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
C . B 10 و C. A 5 ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
B A * ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻰ
ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
i j K
B A 1 2 2 = ((2).2 (2).3) i ((1).2 1.(2)) j (3.(1) 1.2) k
1 3 2
= 10 i 5 k
C A ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ
i j K
C A 2 1 3 (2 9) i (4 3) j (6 1) k 11 i j 7 k
1 3 2
C B ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ
i j K
C B 2 1 3 (2 6) i (4 3) j (4 1) k 4 i j 3 k
1 2 2
B وC اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯿﻦ
B x B2 y B2 Z B2 (1) 2 2 2 (2) 2 3
C xC2 yC2 Z C2 2 2 (1) 2 32 14
B .C ( x B .xC ) ( y B . yC ) ( z B .zC ) 10
cos( B , C )
3. 14
B.C B.C
* اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ Aو B
ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ B A 10 i 5 k
S A B B A (10) 2 (5) 2 125
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ 4
ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
x
A t 1
A (t 1) i 2(t 1) j A و و ) B 2t ( i j
y A 2(t 1)
x
B 2t
B
y
B 2t
dB dA
و
dt (1ﺣﺴﺎب dt
dB dA
) 2( i j و i 2 j
dt dt
)d( A. B
dt *ﺣﺴﺎب
اوﻻ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب A . B
) A . B x A .x B ( y A . y B ) ( z A .z B ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺠﺪاء A . Bﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻌﺮف ب
اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ
A . B (t 1).2t (2(t 1)2t ) 2t 2 2t 4t 2 4t 6t 2 2t ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
A . B 6t 2 2t
)d( A. B
12t 2
dt
)d ( A B
dt *ﺣﺴﺎب
اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ
ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻰ اوﻻ A B
ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻌﺮف ب اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ
i j K
A B xA yA zA = ( y A zB yB z A ) i (x AzB xB z A ) j (x AyB xB y A ) k
xB yB zB
ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
i j K
2 2 2
A B t 1 2(t 1) 0 ((t 1).(2t ) 4t (t 1)) k (2t 2t 4t 4t ) k (2t 6t ) k
2t 2t 0
d ( A B )
(4t 6) k وﻣﻨﮫ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺰﻣﻦ
dt
dA ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⃗+ ⃗
⃗
i 2 j ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ = اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ
dt
dA i j K
B 1 2 0 (2t 4t ) k 2t k
dt
2t 2t 0
dB i j K
A t 1 2(t 1) 0 ((t 1).(2) 4(t 1)) k (2t 2 4t 4) k (2t 6)k
dt
2 2 0
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
= ⃗+ ⃗ =2 ⃗ + (2t + 6) ⃗ = (4 + 6) ⃗
5 ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ
x 2t x 4t
A B
A 2t i (t 1) j (1 t ) k ; A y A (t 1) و B 4t i 3 j 2 k و B yB 3
z 1 t z 2
A B
dB dA
و
dt dt ( ﺣﺴﺎب1
dA⃗
A⃗ = 2t ⃗ı + (t + 1)⃗ȷ + (1 − t)k⃗ => = 2ı⃗ + ⃗ȷ − ⃗
dt
⃗
⃗= ⃗− ⃗+ ⃗ => = 4⃗
⃗. ⃗
ﺣﺴﺎب
⃗. ⃗
⃗. ⃗ = 8 ² − 3( + 1) + 2(1 − ) = 8 − 5 − 1 => = 16 − 5
⃗ ⃗
(2ﺣﺴﺎب
اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⃗ ⃗= 2 = +1 1−
4 −3 2
اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
= ⃗ ⃗+
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⃗⃗ = 2 1 − 1 = −⃗ − (4 + 4 ) ⃗ + (−6 − 4 )k
4 −3 2
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ6
6, و 6, (1ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ
√
=6 = 6. = 3√3
>= ) M1(6,
= 6 sin = 6. = 3
ﻧﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ
← 3√3 , 3 6, وﻣﻨﮫ
= √0 + 2 = 2
>=)M3(0 ,2 ﻧﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ
= >= tan = 1
= √2 + 2 = √8 = 2√2
>=)M4(2 ,2
tan >= = = 1 =
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ7
(1ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )(1,2,3
= √1 + 2 = √5
>=)A(1,2 ,3 tan = =2
=3
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ8
4, , 4 (1ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
= √2 + 2 = √8 = 2√2
>=)M’(2 ,2 ,3 tan >= = = 1 =
=3
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة)⃗ ( ⃗, ⃗,
B 4 i 2 j و A x i 2x j
(1اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ⃗ ⃗.و اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ⃗ ∧ ⃗
(2ﺟﺪ ﻗﯿﻢ xﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻜﻮن⃗ ﯾﻌﺎﻣﺪ ⃗ و ⃗ ﯾﻮازي ⃗
اﻟﺤﻞ
ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻢ xﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻜﻮن A B
ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻜﻮن A Bﻻ ﺑﺪ ان ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻰ A . Bﻣﻌﺪوم
A. B 0 A B
A . B 4 x 4 xﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
. A . B 4 x 4 x 0وھﻰ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻢ(x) x
V0
. x(0) (2ﺟﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ) x(tﻟﻠﻤﺘﺤﺮك Mﻋﻠﻤﺎ أن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ V(0)0و
a
(3ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯿﺎ ) x(tﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة.
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ :9ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء وﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت:
،ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ.و wt ، ﺣﯿﺚ = = ; = ;
/1ﻣﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻓﻲ XOY
و اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ و اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع ﻓﻲ اﻻﺣﺪ ﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ و اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﺛﻢ /2أﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ⃗
ﻣﺜﻠﮭﻢ
/3اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﯿﻦ Vو OZ
/4اﺣﺴﺐ طﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ھﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ذات ﺗﺴﺎرع ﻣﺮﻛﺰي؟
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ 10ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮة
ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك Mﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ x,yاﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة
واﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ i , j ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎرﺗﯿﻦ x R1 cos :و y R sin ﺣﯿﺚ tﻣﻊ Rو
ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎن.
1ﺟﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر . M
2ﻟﯿﻜﻦ ,اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﻄﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺤﺮك Mاﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة واﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ u,u
ﺟﺪ:
أ -ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر .
ب -ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ Vﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ، Rو .
(3ﺟﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﯿﺔ Tواﻟﻨﺎظﻤﯿﺔ Nﻟﺸﻌﺎع اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع ﺛﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ
اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء .
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ : 11
= ; b,ωﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎن = ﻣﻊ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك Mوﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ
-1أﺣﺴﺐ ⃗ ⃗ ,وطﻮﯾﻠﺘﮭﻤﺎ
-2ﺟﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﯿﺔ Tواﻟﻨﺎظﻤﯿﺔ Nﻟﺸﻌﺎع اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع و ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎء
- 3أﺣﺴﺐ طﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎر) (
ﺗﺬﻛﯿﺮ
(1ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻹﺣداﺛﯾﺎت اﻟدﯾﻛﺎرﺗﯾﺔ
) OM x(t ) i y (t ) j z (t ) k r (t أ( ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ
⃗ ) ( ) ( ) (
= ) (⃗ = ⃗+ ⃗+ ⃗ ب( ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺳرﻋﺔ
⃗ ⃗
= ) (⃗ = = ⃗+ ⃗+ ⃗ ﺟـ(ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺗﺳﺎر ع
⃗ ⃗
⃗̇ = ⃗ = − ̇. ﻣﻊ
⃗ ⃗
= ) (⃗ = = ̇ ⃗+ ⃗ ̇
18
=) ( ⟹ = 12 − 18 = 0 اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻞ واﺣﺪ = = 1.5
12
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ 3
ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرة xﻧﺴﺘﺨﺮج tﺛﻢ ﻧﻌﻮﺿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ yﻓﻨﺠﺪ
x (t ) t 1 t x 1
y (t ) t 2 1 y ( x 1) 2 1 x 2 2 x 1 1 x 2 2 x 2 ﻧﻌﻮض tﻋﺒﺎرة ﻓﻲ y
اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ y(t ) x 2 2 x 2
ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ
)dx d (t 1
Vx dt dt 1
2
V dy dt (t 1) 2t
y dt dt
ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع
dVx
x dt 0
dV y 2
y dt
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ4
3 2 3
x=t -3t , y=-3t , z=t +3t
ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
,ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺤﺮك M أ/ﺣﺴﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ tإﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ , Vوﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع
) (
⎧ = ⎫= 3 ²−3
⎪ ) ( ⎪
= = −6 ﺣﺴﺎب اﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ
⎨ ( )
⎬
⎪ = ⎪= 3 ² +3
⎩ ⎭
ب+/ﺣﺴﺎب طﻮﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎع Vوﺑﯿﻦ آن ھﺬا اﻟﺸﻌﺎع ﯾﺼﻨﻊ زاوﯾﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﻊ Oz
*طﻮﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎع V
= ) (⃗ ( )+ ( )+ ) (
= ) (⃗ (9 − 18t² + 9) + 36 + (9 + 18t² + 9)=√18 + 36 + 18
√
= ⃗) cos( ⃗, = ⃗ => ⃗, وﻣﻨﮫ
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ 5
>= y=t+ = + >= = + ﻧﻌﻮض ﻗﯿﻤﺔ tﻓﻰ y
= + وﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ 6
⃗ = 2 sin ⃗ + 2 cos ⃗ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
/1اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ M
ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔV
⃗
=⃗ >= ⃗ =⃗
2
=−
اذن اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ
2
=
*ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع
⃗ ) ( ) (
= ) (⃗ = ⃗+ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ⃗
) (⃗ 2 2
= ) (⃗ = ⃗+ ⃗
= و =− ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
وﻣﻨﮫ
) (⃗
= ) (⃗ =2 ⃗− 2 ⃗
-اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر
2 ²
⎧ =− => cos =− => cos² = ⎫
2 4
⎨ 2 ² ⎬
⎩ = => sin = => sin² = ⎭
2 4
2 2 4 2
(cos t sin t ) ) (x y2 وﻣﻨﮫ
4
1
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ7
/1اﯾﺠﺎد اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ M
=2 ; = t ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
x cos
اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ
y sin
= =2 c = 2 cos
= =2
cos = و = اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻼت اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﯿﺔ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
ﻧﺠﺪ: و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻓﻲ
1+ 2
=2 = (1 + >= ) 2 − = 2
2
2
=2 = 2 >= = 2
2
− = >= 2 ( − ) = cos 2
= >= 2 = sin² 2
( x a) 2 y 2 a 2 (cos2 2 sin 2 2 ( x a ) 2 y 2 a 2 ﺑﺠﻤﻊ ﻧﺠﺪ
1
وﻣﻨﮫ ( x a) 2 y 2 a 2إذن اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ داﺋﺮة ﻣﺮﻛﺰھﺎ ) (a, 0و ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮھﺎ a
y رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر
a
x
O /2ﺣﺴﺎب ) (
)(a,0
اذن ﯾﺠﺐ إﯾﺠﺎد ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ = ⟹ ⃗ = ⃗ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
أوﻻ.
= ) (⃗ ( )⃗ + ⃗) ( ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ
. d = + 2
t و ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
dt 2 2 = 2
ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ) ( و) (
=⃗ ⟹ (− 2 ⃗+ 2 ⃗) ⟹ v (a ) 2 (sin 2
2 cos2 2 ) a
1
1 at
V (t ) aV0 e ) V0 V (t ) V0 (1 e at وﻣﻨﮫ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ
a
x(t ) V (t )dt x(t ) V0 (1 e at )dt اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﯿﺔ
1
x(t ) V0 (t e at ) c2
a
V
t 0 x 0 ﺣﯿﺚ c2ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ
a
1 V V
x(t ) V0 (t e at ) c2 0 0 c2 c2 0
a a a
1
) x(t ) V0 (t e at وﻣﻨﮫ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ
a
(3ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ) x(tﺑﯿﺎﻧﯿﺎ
ﻋﺑﺎرة اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ
ﻟﻣﺎ
0
وﻣﻨﮫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ t ﻧﻼﺣﻆ
V V0
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ9
= , = = , ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ mھﻲ إﺳﻘﺎط Mﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي :oxy
أ( ﻹﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي oxy،ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺘﯿﻦ)x(t
و)y(t
x R cos wt R cos x 2 R 2 cos2
y R sin wt R sin y 2 R 2 sin 2
ﺑﺠﻤﻊ
إذن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ھﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ داﺋﺮة ﻣﺮﻛﺰھﺎ ) (0, 0و ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮھﺎ + =
= و ھﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ، ب(اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر OZھﻲ
ﻓﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ إذن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺎ وﻓﻖ .OZ
ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺔ و اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ داﺋﺮة و اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ ،ﻓﻨﺘﺤﺼﻞ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻮﻟﺒﯿﺔ.
/2ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ واﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ واﻟﺘﺴﺎرع
/اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎرﺗﯿﺔ
⃗ ) ( ⃗ = ( )⃗ + ( ) ⃗ + ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﯾﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ
OM R cos wt i R sin wt j V0t k ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ
⃗ ) ( ) (
= ) (⃗ = ⃗+ ⃗+ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﯾﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ
) (
⃗
d OM d ( R cos wt ) d ( R sin wt ) d
V i j (V0t ) k ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ
dt dt dt dt
d cos wt
dt w sin wt
و ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ R
d sin wt w cos wt
dt
V R w sin wt i R w cos wt j V0 k وﻣﻨﮫ
V Rw ( sin wt i cos wt j ) V0 k
d V dVx dV y dVz
i j j ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع ﯾﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ
dt dt dt dt
Vx R w sin wt
V y R w cos wt ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ وﺟﺪﻧﺎ
Vz V0
d V d ( R w sin wt ) d ( R w cos wt ) d
i j (V0 ) k ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ
dt dt dt dt
dV
R w2 cos wt i Rw2 sin wt j وﻣﻨﮫ
dt
dV
R w2 (cos wt i sin wt j )
dt
: اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ
⃗( ) = ( ) ⃗ + ( ) ⃗ ⇔ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ
. d
R 0
dt
. d
w t w
dt
. dz
z V0 t z V0
dt
⃗( ) = ⃗ + ⃗ وﻣﻨﮫ
ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ وﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ واﻟﺘﺴﺎرع ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة )⃗ ( ⃗ , ⃗ ,ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ Mﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء.
z
k
u
Mz
M
u
My y
O
( ) 2 R cos وﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر
2
( ) 2 R cos ﻧﻀﻊ
2
Vﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ Rو و (2ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ
OM U 2 R cos U ﺣﯿﺚ
d OM d
V 2R (cos U ) وﻣﻨﮫ
dt dt
d OM d dU
d
V 2R (cos U ) 2 R . ( (cos ) U cos
dt dt 2 dt dt اذن
d
(cos U )
dt
d w
dt (cos ) 2 sin
ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ان
d u . w
u U
dt 2
dU
d w w
V 2 R . ( (cos ) U cos 2 R ( sin U cos U )
dt dt 2 2
d
(cos U )
dt
V Rw sin U Rw cos U Rw( sin U cos U ) وﻣﻨﮫ
T اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﯿﺔ3
dV
T ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﻲ
dt
V Rw( sin U cos U ) ﯾﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اوﻻ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
اذن
dV d ( Rw)
T 0 T 0 وﻣﻨﮫ
dt dt
dV d ( sin U cos U )
Rw
dt dt
d ( sin ) d U d (cos ) d U
Rw U sin U cos
dt dt dt dt
w
2 Rw (cos U sin U )
2
2
Rw (cos U P sin U )
Rw2 Rw 2 sin 2 cos 2 )
طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع
1
N 2 T2 ( Rw 2 ) 2 0 Rw 2 وﻣﻨﮫ
V 2 ( Rw) 2
R RR ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻣﻌﺮف ب
N Rw 2
11 ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ
ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎنb,ω ; = ﻣﻊ = ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ
= ̇= ̈=
=> =>
= ̇= ̈ =0
dV
2 w 2be wt U
d
2 w 2be wt طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع
dV d 2bwe wt
T 2bw 2e wt اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﻲ
dt dt
N 2 T 2 (2w 2be wt ) 2 ( 2bw 2 e wt ) 2 اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﻨﺎظﻤﻲ
N 2 w 2be wt
V2 ( 2bwe wt ) 2
R 2 b wt ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮاﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء
2 wt
N 2bw e
t t
S Vdt 2 wbe wt dt 2wb e wt dt اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﯿﺔ
0 0
t t
S 2 wb e wt dt 2 wb
1 wt
w
e 2b e wt e 0
0 0
اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ااﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ:اﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ
اﻟﺗﻣرﯾن 1
ﯾﻌطﻰ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻣوﺿﻊ ﻟﺟﺳم ﻛﺗﻠﺗﮫ 6ﻛﻎ ب
)⃗= (3t2-6t) ⃗-4t3 ⃗+(3t+2) ⃗ (m
-1اوﺟد اﻟﻘوة اﻟﻣؤﺛرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﺳم.
-2ﻋزم اﻟﻘوة ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺑدأ.
ﺛم ﺗﺎﻛد ﺑﺎن -3ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺣرﻛﺔ و ﻋزﻣﮫ اﻟﺣرﻛﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺑدأ 0
⃗ ⃗
=⃗ ⃗ =
اﻟﺗﻣرﯾن 2
ﺟﺳم ﻛﺗﻠﺗﮫ mﻣوﺟودة ﻋﻧد ﻗﻣﺔ ﻧﺻف ﻛرة ﻣن اﻟﺟﻠﯾد ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ Rﯾﻧزﻟق دون اﻻﺣﺗﻛﺎك و دون
ﺳرﻋﺔ اﺑﺗداﺋﯾﺔ
(1ﺣدد ﻣﺟﻣوع اﻟﻘوى اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗؤﺛر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﺳم ,ﺛم اﺣﺳب ﻗوة رد اﻟﻔﻌل ﻋﻧد اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ mﺑدﻻﻟﺔ
اﻟزاوﯾﺔ ,g,و m
(2اوﺟد اﻟزاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻐﺎدر ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﺟﺳم اﻟﻛرة و اﻟﺳرﻋﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ اﻛﺗﺳﺑﮭﺎ.
اﻟﺗﻣرﯾن3
ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن و ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Aاﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺟﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع Hوﺗﺘﺒﻊ
اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ABCDاﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮض أﻣﻠﺲ
ABﯾﻤﯿﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻓﻖ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ . αﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ أﻓﻘﻲ و CDﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ داﺋﺮة ﻗﻄﺮھﺎ 2Rو
ﻣﺮﻛﺰھﺎ O
-1ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ B
-2ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ C
-3ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ D
-4ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ CDﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ . Mﻣﺎ ھﻮ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع Hاﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ
ﻟﺒﻠﻮﻏﮭﺎ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ D
اﻟﺗﻣرﯾن 4اﺿﺎﻓﻲ
ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﺗﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﯿﺔ gﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ذو ﻛﺘﻠﺘﯿﻦ m1= m2 = Mاﺣﺪھﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ
إﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ ، m=0.05Mﻣﺮﺑﻮطﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﯿﻂ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻺﻣﺘﻄﺎط ﯾﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺤﺰ ﺑﻜﺮة ﻣﮭﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ و ﺑﺪون
اﺣﺘﻜﺎك .ﯾﻨﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن ،ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ h1 = 1mﺗﻨﺰع اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ و ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺘﺎن m1 , m2ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺮھﻤﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﻄﻌﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ h2 = 0.69 mﺧﻼل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﻟﯿﺔ
اﻟﺗﻣرﯾن 5اﺿﺎﻓﻲ
ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ mﺳﻘﻮطﺎ ﺣﺮا ﻣﻊ ﺧﻀﻮﻋﮭﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ f=-kvﺟﺪ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺔ vlﻟـ
mﺛﻢ ﻋﺒﺎرة .
V
اﻟﺗﻣرﯾن6
⃗= . ( )⃗ ; ⃗ = . ﯾﺗﺣرك اﻟﺟﺳم ﺗﺣت ﺗﺎﺛﯾر اﻟﻘوﺗﯾن⃗ ) (
ﺣﯾث و ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺎن ﻣوﺟﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﺣظﺔ اﻻﺑﺗداﯨﯾﺔ t=0ﺗوﺟد اﻟﻛﺗﻠﺔ ﻋﻧد اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ ) M0(0 ;yوﯾﻣﻠك
= ⃗ ﻣﻊ ﺳرﻋﺔ⃗
=− =− ⁄
1اوﺟد ﻋﺑﺎرة اﻟﺗﺳﺎرع
2اوﺟد ﻋﺑﺎرة اﻟﺳرﻋﺔ
3اوﺟد ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺎر
اﻟﺗﻣرﯾن 7
ﯾﺘﺤﺮك ﺟﺴﻢ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﮫ mﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎر ABCD
ﻓﯿﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﺪون ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ : Aﯾﮭﻤﻞ اﻹﺣﺘﻜﺎك
أ( ﺟﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ mورد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ B
ب( ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺠﺰء BCﺧﺸﻦ اوﺟﺪ -ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ إﺣﺘﻜﺎك Uاﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻒ ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔC
ج( ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺠﺰء BCأﻣﻠﺲ أوﺟﺪ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Cواﻹﻧﻀﻐﺎط اﻻﻋﻈﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
Dﻟﻠﻨﺎﺑﺾ )وﻣﺮوﻧﺘﮫ (k
ﺗﺬﻛﯿﺮ
-Iﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﻮﺗﻦ
-1اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻷول ﻟﻨﯿﻮﺗﻦ )ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﻌﻄﺎﻟﺔ( :
ﻛﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺎدي ﺣﺮا ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺔ ﻗﻮة ﺧﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻄﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻧﮫ ﯾﻜﻮن –اﻣﺎﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻜﻮن او إﻣﺎ
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻄﺎﻟﯿﺔ
⃗
⃗ ∑ = -2اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻨﯿﻮﺗﻦ " :اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ"وﯾﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﮫ ب .م.أ.ت
-اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻣﻌﺪوﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻜﻮن او ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ
⃗ ∑ = ⃗⃗ = 0⃗ => ⃗ = 0
(3اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻨﯿﻮﺗﻦ" :ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ورد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ
⃗ " ﺑﻘﻮة اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ " Aﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻢ " "Bﺑﻘﻮة ⃗ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ " "Bﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ "A
ﺗﺴﺎوﯾﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ و ﺗﻌﺎﻛﺴﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺗﺠﺎه.إﺣﺪى اﻟﻘﻮى ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ و اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺮد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ
-IIاﻟﻘوى ذات اﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻋن ﻗرب
-ﻗﻮى اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك :ھﻲ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺮك ﺳﻄﺤﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻼﺻﻘﯿﻦ و ﺗﻜﻮن داﺋﻤﺎ
⃗
=µ = = ⃗ ⃗ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ
⃗
-اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك اﻟﻤﯿﻮﻋﻰ :ﺣﯿﻦ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ )ﻏﺎز أو ﺳﺎﺋﻞ( ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻗﻮة اﺣﺘﻜﺎك
⃗ ⃗= −
-اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﯿﺔ او اﻻرﺟﺎع :ھﻲ ﻗﻮة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺟﺎع اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ
⃗= − ﻧﺎﺑﺾ ⃗
(IIIاﻟﻌزم اﻟﺣرﻛﻲ
-ﻋﺰم اﻟﻘﻮة :ﻋﺰم اﻟﻘﻮة ⃗ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Mﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Oھﻮ ﺟﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ
⃗ ˄⃗ = Ԉ⃗ ⃗/ واﻟﻘﻮة ⃗ اﻟﺸﻌﺎع ⃗
-اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ :اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺎدﯾﺔ Mﻛﺘﻠﺘﮭﺎ mوﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﮭﺎ ⃗ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ 0ﯾﻌﺮف
⃗ وﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ⃗ وھﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ⃗˄ ⃗ : ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪاء اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺎع ⃗
= /
-ﻧظرﯾﺔ اﻟﻌزم اﻟﺣرﻛﻲ :اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺎدﯾﺔ ﯾﺴﺎوي ﻋﺰم اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
⃗/
⃗ ⃗= Ԉ /
/
⃗ ⃗ = (432 + 288 )⃗ + (108 + 72) ⃗ + (−288 ⃗ ) + 864
-3ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ
ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ P m v :
2
P m V p 6(6t 6) i 6.12t j 6.3 k
p 36(t 1) i 72t 2 j 18 k وﻣﻨﮫ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ
: اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺪأ-3
L/ o ( F ) r P اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺪأ
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⃗ ⃗ = ⃗ ⃗= 3 +2
/ −4
−72 18
L/ o ( F ) (( 4t 2 .18 (3t 2).( 72t 2 ) i (((3t 2 6t ).18) (36t 36).( 3t 2)) j
((36t 2 6t ).( 72t 2 ) ((36t 36)( 4t 3 )). k
⃗ = (144 + 144 ) ⃗ + (54 + 72 − 72) ⃗ + (−72 + 288 ) ⃗
dP
F ﻧﺘﺎﻛﺪ ان
dt
dP
P 36(t 1) i 72t 2 j 18 k 36 i 144 j
dt
dP
F وﻣﻨﮫ F 36t i 144 j و
dt
dL
M / o ( F ) ﻧﺘﺎﻛﺪ ان
dt
L (144t 3 144t 2 ) i (54t 2 72t 27) j (72t 4 288t 3 ) k
dL
(432t 2 288t ) i (108t 72) j (288t 3 864t 2 ) k
dt
/
⃗ ⃗ = (432 + 288 )⃗ + (108 + 72) ⃗ + (−288 + 864 ) ⃗ و
dL
M /o (F ) وﻣﻨﮫ
dt
2ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ
: ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد إﺣﺘﻜﺎك ( ھﻲ
⃗ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺜﻘﻞ-
⃗ ﻗﻮة رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎظﻤﻲ-
V2
Rg cos C V 2 2 Rg cos c1 وﻣﻨﮫ
2
V2 V2
N P cos m N P cos m ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
R R
ﻧﻌﻮض ﻋﺒﺎرة Vﺑﻘﯿﻤﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ
V2 ) 2 Rg (1 cos
N P cos m ( P cos m )
R R
2 Rg (1 cos
(N P cos m ) 3mg cos 2mg
R
: وﻣﻨﮫ ﻋﺒﺎرة رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ Nﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ m
= (3 )−2
-2إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻐﺎدر ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻜﺮة :
أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻐﺎدرة رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺪوم N=0
2
N mg (3 cos 2) 0 3 cos 2 0
3
2
>= = cos = 48.187°
3
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ3
dV dV
mg sin m g sin
dt dt
. d . V dV dV d
ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ و ﺣﯿﺚ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ان
dt R dt d dt
Vﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺔ
dV V
g sin Rg sin d VdV ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
d R
Rg sin d VdV Rg sin d VdV
V2
sin d cos VdV ﻣﻊ
2
V2
Rg cos C V 2 2 Rg cos c1 )(3 وﻣﻨﮫ
2
ﻻﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ c1ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ
0و V VB ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Cﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻨﺠﺪ V 2 2 Rg cos c1 VB2 2 Rg cos 0 c1 2 gH 2 Rg c1
) c1 2 g ( H R وﻣﻨﮫ
)V 2 2 Rg cos c1 V 2 2 Rg cos 2 g ( H R ﻧﻌﻮض ﻗﯿﻤﺔ c1ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ 3
V2
P cos N m ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) (2ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ N
R
V2
N m P cos ) (4 وﻣﻨﮫ رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ
R
V VDو ﻋﻨﺪ Dﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
V2 V2
N m P cos N D m D P cos ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ 4
R R
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ 4
(1ﺗﺴﺎرع اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ m
V12 V01
2
) 2 (h1 h01 )(5 ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
V1 2 h 1 )(6 وﻣﻨﮫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺰع اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ
ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﺰع اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺘﺎن m1; m2ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺮھﻤﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﻟﯿﺔ
h
h2 V2 t V2 2 V1 V2ﻣﻊ )(7 ا ذن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ h2 0.69 m
t
ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺘﺎن ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺰع اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺘﺎن V1 V2
h h
V1 V2 2 h 1 2 2. h1 2 ا ذن
t t
0.69
t 1 ﺣﯿﺚ 2.(24.4.10 3.g )1 g 9.76m / s 2
1
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ5
(1اﻟﺳرﻋﺔ اﻟﺣدﯾﺔ
dv k
vg ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ )(1
dt m
ھﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ ﺧﻄﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺮف .ﺣﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ و
اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺨﺎص
yH اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ homogène
yP Particulière اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺨﺎص
y yH yP ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ
dv k
y Hﻧﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑﺪون طﺮف ﺛﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ v 0 homogène اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ
dt m
dv k dv k dv k
v 0 v dt
dt m dt m v m
dv k
ﻣﻊ kو mﺛﻮاﺑﺖ dt ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ
dt m
a
x sin( wt )
m 1
(a sin( wt ) i b cos(wt ) j ) وﻣﻨﮫ
b cos( wt ) m
y m
( ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ2
a a
Vx m
sin( wt )dt Vx
m
sin(wt )dt
ﺑﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع
b b
cos( wt )dt V y cos(wt )dt
y m m
a a
V x sin( wt ) dt V x cos(wt ) V0 x
m mw
V y b cos( wt )dt V y b sin(wt ) Voy
m mw
= ⃗ ﻣﻊ0 ⃗ وﯾﻤﻠﻚ ﺳﺮﻋﺔM0(0 ;y) ﺗﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔt=0 اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ اﻻﺑﺘﺪا ﯿﺔ
t=0 (0) = − (0) = 0
وﻣﻨﮫ
a a a
V x mw cos( wt ) V0 x V0 mw V0 x mw V0 x 0
V y b sin( wt ) Voy V0 V0 y 0
mw
t 0 sin( wt ) 0 ﺣﯿﺚ
V0 y 0 وV0 x 0 وﻣﻨﮫ
a
V x cos(wt )
mw
اذن
V b sin( wt )
y mw
ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ (3
ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ
a a
x V x dt cos( wt ) x sin( wt ) x0
mw 2
mw
ﺑﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
y V dt b b
y sin( wt ) y cos(wt ) y0
mw mw2
a
x sin( wt ) x0 x0 0
2
mw
y b cos( wt ) y b b y y 0
0 0 0
mw 2 mw 2 mw2
y 0 0 وx0 0 وﻣﻨﮫ
a
x sin( wt )
2
mw
اذن
y b cos(wt )
mw 2
yوx ﻻﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺮﺑﯿﻊ
2 a 2 2
x ( ) sin (wt )
2
mw
اذن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر
y 2 ( b ) 2 cos 2 ( wt )
mw2
x2 y2
cos 2 (wt ) sin 2 (wt ) ﺑﺠﻤﻊ ﻧﺠﺪ
( a ) 2 ( b ) 2 1
mw 2 mw 2
7ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ
B ورد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲm ( ﺳﺮﻋﺔ1
ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺪا اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
F ext p N m
ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ اﻻن اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺷﺒﮫ داﺋﺮﯾﺔ
( ﻧﺠﺪU T , U N ) ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻘﺎط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ
dV
U T / T
U T / p cos U T / 0 dt
P N
V2
U N / p sin U N / N U N / N R
= = ………………….(1) : ⃗ وﻓﻖ-
dV
mg cos m ( ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ1) ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ
dt
dV dV
mg cos m g cos
dt dt
. d . V dV dV d
V ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ و ﺣﯿﺚ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ان
dt R dt d dt
ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺔ
dV V
g cos Rg cos d VdV ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
d R
Rg cos d VdV Rg cos d VdV
V2
cos d sin VdV ﻣﻊ
2
V2
Rg sin C V 2 2 Rg sin c1 وﻣﻨﮫ
2
ﻻﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ c1ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ
و VA 0 0 ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ A
و V VB ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ B
2
sin ﺣﯿﺚ 1 VB 2 Rg ﻧﻄﺒﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺪ
2
ox F f m x
oy N mg 0 N mg
) F f Nﻗﻮة اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك( ﺣﯿﺚ F f m
) Vc 2 Rg (1 2
1
2 Rg (1 2 ) 0 1 2 0 وﻣﻨﮫ
2
ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ وg R ﺣﯿﺚ
1
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ إﺣﺘﻜﺎك اﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻒ ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ C
2
ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء BCﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ VC VB VC 2 Rg
ox T m
oy N mg 0 N mg
.. ..
Kx m Kx m x xوﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ T Kxاﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﯿﺔ و
.. .. K
Kx m x x x0
m
) x a sin(wt ﺣﯿﺚ وھﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺣﻠﮭﺎ ﺟﯿﺒﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ
k
ھﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ و aﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ و w ھﻮ ﻧﺒﺾ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ
m
t0 x ( 0) x c 0 اذن ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ C
اﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ mذو اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ Mﻋﻠﻰ طﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎر AB
= .
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ 2
اﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ 2و 3ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ او اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﻜﯿﺔ )ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ(
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ : 3
ﺗﺮﻣﻰ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ m=0.5 Kgﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺎ ﻧﺤﻮى اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ V0=20m/sﻓﺘﺒﻠﻎ إرﺗﻔﺎع h=15mأﺟﺪ
ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻀﯿﺎع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ mﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﻘﻮطﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض)(g=10m/s2
اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ4:
ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ،ﻧﻮاﺳﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺎ طﻮﻟﮫ .lﺗﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ mﻟﻘﻮة ﺛﻘﻠﮭﺎ ⃗ وﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ⃗ ﻟﻠﺨﯿﻂ.
ﺛﻢ ﻧﺘﺮﻛﮫ ﺑﺪون ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ .أﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻧﺰﯾﺢ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ mﻋﻦ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻮازﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ
mﻋﻨﺪ وﺻﻮﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ) (2ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﺒﺪأ إﻧﺤﻔﺎظ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ.
A
0
)(1 l
)( 2
m
o
ﺗﺬﻛﯿﺮ
- Iاﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ :اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ وﺿﻌﮫ أو ﺣﺎﻟﺘﮫ واﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ
وﺿﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﯿﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻤﻼ ﯾﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﮭﺎ
-1- Iاﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﻠﯿﺔ :وھﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ااﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺟﺴﻢ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ،zﻣﺤﺴﻮﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ
= اﻷرض
وطﻮﻟﮫ -2- Iاﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺑﺾ :إذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﺑﺾ ،ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺮوﻧﺘﮫ
وھﻮ ﻓﺎرغ l0و lطﻮﻟﮫ و ھﻮ ﻣﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ ،ﻓﺈن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﺤﺴﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ:
1 1
= = ( − )
2 2
و ﻟﮭﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ⃗ و ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ⃗ و ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ - IIاﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺣرﻛﯾﺔ :ﻟﺘﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ
ﻛﺘﻠﺘﮭﺎ
ﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى ﻣﺤﺼﻠﺘﮭﺎ ⃗ Fﻧﻌﺮف اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺑــ Eﺣﯿﺚ:
⃗ 1 1
= = ‖⃗ ‖ = 2
2 2 2
-IIIاﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ
ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ :ﻛﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺎدي ﺧﺎﺿﻊ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻮى ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ وﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ،ﯾﻤﻠﻚ طﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﯿﺔ
ﺑـــــﻤﺠﻤﻮع أو Eو طﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﺔ .Eﻧﻌﺮف إذن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ
اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ و اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ أي:
= = +
ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ mھﻮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻋﻤﻞ رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ و ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺜﻘﻞ وﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮىF
) W( F ﺣﺴﺎب
ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﻮى ⃗
= ⃗ ⃗ ⃗.
)W ( P ﺣﺴﺎب
وy x ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎط ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﻦ
⃗ = − sin ⃗ − cos ⃗
Β Β
P (W) P . dl ) P ( w ) ( P sin ι P cos α j ).(dx i dy j dz k
Α Α
) A(0,0) B (10,0و اﻟﻰB اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ A
xB yB
P sin dx P cos dy
xA yA
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ2
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ )2ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ(
ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد إﺣﺘﻜﺎك ( ھﻲ :
-ﻗﻮة اﻟﺜﻘﻞ ⃗
-ﻗﻮة رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎظﻤﻲ ⃗
ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻮة رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ M
ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻮة رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ M
ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ :
⃗ =⃗ ∑
p N m
ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ اﻻن اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺷﺒﮫ داﺋﺮﯾﺔ
ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻘﺎط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ
dv
U T / T
U T / p sin U T / 0 dt
P N
V2
U N / p cos U N / N U N / N R
ﺣﯿﺚ V A 0ﺟﺴﻢ ﯾﻨﺰﻟﻖ ﺑﺪون ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ و h A Rو ) hM R cos ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ( ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ
. ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ = 0
1 2
mV M mgR cos mgR
2
2
VM ) 2 gR (1 cos وﻣﻨﮫ
و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﺼﻔﺮﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ AوB
∆ = ( )− ( )=0
)ET ( B ) ET ( A
)EC ( B ) E P ( B ) EC ( A) E P ( A
1 1
mVB2 mghB mV A2 mgh A
2 2
ﺣﯿﺚ V A 0ﺟﺴﻢ ﯾﻨﺰﻟﻖ ﺑﺪون ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ و h A Hو ) hB 0ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ( ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى
. اﻷرض ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ = 0
1
mVB2 mgH VB2 2 gH ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ
2
V B 2 gH وﻣﻨﮫ
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ .ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ )ﺣﺮﻛﺔ دون اﺣﺘﻜﺎك( اذن ھﻨﺎك اﻧﺤﻔﺎظ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ
اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﻜﯿﺔ
و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ CوB
∆ = ( )− ( )=0
) ET ( B ) ET (C
) EC ( B ) E P ( B ) EC (C ) E P (C
1 1
mVB2 mghB mVC2 mghC
2 2
)ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ( ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض ﺣﯿﺚ VB 2 gHﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ و hB hC 0
1 1
mV B2 mVC2 ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ). ( E p 0
2 2
= = 2 و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
-3اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ D
ﻧﻄﺒﻖ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ DوA
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ .ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ )ﺣﺮﻛﺔ دون اﺣﺘﻜﺎك( اذن ھﻨﺎك اﻧﺤﻔﺎظ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ
اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﻜﯿﺔ
و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ DوA
1
) mVD2 mg 2 R mgH V D2 2( gH 2 Rg
2
) VD 2 g ( H 2 R وﻣﻨﮫ
(4ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع Hاﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ D
ND 0 Dﻻﺑﺪ ﯾﻜﻮ ن رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻟﺒﻠﻮغ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻮة رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ M
ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﻚ :
=⃗ ⃗
F ext p N m p N m
dV
U T / T
U T / p sin U T / 0 dt
P N
V2
U N / p cos U N / N U N / N R
− = = -وﻓﻖ ⃗ ………………….(1) :
V2
P cos N m ﺣﺴﺎب رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ2
R
V2
N m P cos )(3 M وﻣﻨﮫ رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ
R
V VDو ﻋﻨﺪ Dﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ
V2 VD2
N m P cos N D m P cos ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ3
R R
)2 g ( H 2 R 2mgH 2mgH
ND m P cos 4mg mg 5mg
R R R
)2 g ( H 2 R 2mgH 2mgH
ND m P cos 4mg mg 5mg
R R R
2mgH
ND 5mg وﻣﻨﮫ
R
2mgH 2mgH
5mg 0 5mg N D 0 D ﻟﺒﻠﻮغ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
R R
5
H R وﻣﻨﮫ
2
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ 3
(1ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻀﯿﺎع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ
ﻋﻨﺪ رﻣﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻋﻠﻰ ھﻨﺎك ﻗﻮة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ وھﻲ ﻗﻮة اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻣﻊ اﻟﮭﻮاء اذن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ
وھﻨﺎك ﺿﯿﺎع ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ
⃗ → =) ( ∆ = ( )− ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ
))W0 A ( f ) ( EC ( A) E P ( A)) ( EC (0) EP (0
1 1
) W0 A ( f ) ( mVA2 mghA ) ( mV02 mgh0
2 2
ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻰ اﻻرض اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺛﻢ ﯾﻌﻮد ﻟﺴﻘﻮط وﻣﻨﮫ V A 0ﺣﯿﺚ h A hو h0 0
)ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ( ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ E A 0و V0 20m / s
1
W0 A ( f ) mghA mV02 وﻣﻨﮫ
2
1
W0 A ( f ) (0.5.)(10).15 .(0.5).(20) 2 ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﺪدي ﻧﺠﺪ
2
W0 A ( f ) 25W
2ﺣﺴﺎب ﺳﺮﻋﺔ mﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﻘﻮطﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرض V1
اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﯾﻔﺮض ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺻﻌﻮد وﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﺰول اﻟﺠﺴﻢ وﻣﻨﮫ ھﻨﺎك ﻗﻮى ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ
⃗ → =) ( ∆ = ( )− ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ
))WA0 ( f ) ( EC (0) EP (0)) ( EC ( A) EP ( A
1 1
) WA0 ( f ) ( mV12 mgh0 ) ( mVA2 mghA
2 2
1
WA0 ( f ) mV12 mghA
2
ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻰ اﻻرض اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺛﻢ ﯾﻌﻮد ﻟﺴﻘﻮط V A 0ﺣﯿﺚ h A hو h0 0
)ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ( ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ E p 0
1
25 mV12 mghA اذن ) WA0 ( f ) W0 A ( f ﺣﯿﺚ
2
2
V12 ) (25 mghA
m
2
V12 ))(25 (0.5).(10).(15 ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﺪدي ﻧﺠﺪ
0.5
وﻣﻨﮫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ mﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻻرض V1 14.14m / s
ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ 4
إﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ mﻋﻨﺪ وﺻﻮﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ) (2ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل:
/1ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻧﺤﻔﺎظ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺿﻌﯿﻦ ) (1و) (2ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ): (2
0
T
)(1 l
uT
mg
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ .ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اذن ھﻨﺎك اﻧﺤﻔﺎظ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﻜﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ
اﻟﻮﺿﻌﯿﻦ)(1و)(2
∆E ⇒=0 = )(1 ⟹ )(2 (1) + = )(2 (1) + )(2
،أﯾﻀﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﺮك ﺑﺪون ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ) (1أي = 0 :
.ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ إذن ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻲ ℎو ℎاﻟﻠﺬان ﯾﻤﺜﻼن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ = 0
اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺿﻌﯿﻦ ) (1و) (2ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض.
.ℎ = − = (1 − ℎ = −و ) = (1 − )
ﻧﻌﻮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) (1ﻧﺠﺪ:
= ⃗ ،إذن اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ⃗ و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن وﻓﻖ اﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﯾﺘﻢ وﻓﻖ ⃗ وھﻮ ﯾﺴﺎوي⃗ :
⃗ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻤﻼ .و ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ⃗ ﺣﯿﺚ ∫ ⃗. ⃗ = 0و ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أﯾﻀﺎ أن v1= 0وﻣﻨﮫ
ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ): (2
1
= = ⃗ ⃗. ⃗ . = ⃗
2
1
⟹ = (− (− )
2
⟹ ( =2 − ⟹) = ( 2 − )