The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Proph. Dr. Hadi J. Suhail

24.2.2024

Are eight international development goals that were

established following the Millennium summit of
the United Nation in 2000, following the adoption of
the United Nation Millennium Declaration.
All 189 United Nations Member States and at least 23
International Organizations committed to help achieve
the following Millennium Development Goals by 2015:
1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. To achieve universal primary education
3. To promote gender equality and empower women
4. To reduce child mortality
5. To improve maternal mortality
6. To combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases
7. To ensure environmental sustainability
8. To develop a global partnership for development.
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality rates
•Target A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the
under-five mortality rate
•Under five mortality rate
•Infant under(1 year) mortality rate
•Proportion of 1-year-old children immunized against
measles.
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
•Target A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and
2015, the maternal mortality ratio
•Maternal mortality ratio
•Proportion of births attended by skilled health
personnel
•Target B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to
reproductive health
• Contraceptive prevalence rate
• Adolescent birth rate
• Antenatal care coverage
• Unmet need for family planning.
Maternal death
•Every day, approximately 800 women die from preventable
causes related to pregnancy and childbirth.
•99% of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries.
•Maternal mortality is higher in women living in rural areas and
among poorer communities.
•Young adolescents face a higher risk of complications and
death as a result of pregnancy than older women.
•Skilled care before, during and after childbirth can save the
lives of women and newborn babies.
•Between 1990 and 2013, maternal mortality
worldwide dropped by almost 50%.

The maternal mortality ratio in developing countries

in 2013 is 230 per 100 000 live births versus 16 per
100 000 live births in developed countries
 Maternal mortality in 1990-2013 (MMR per 100000 live births)

year Iraq Egypt Iran KSA UK Sweden

1990 110 120 83 41 10 6

1995 84 96 60 31 11 5

2000 71 75 44 24 11 5

2005 77 62 31 19 12 4

2013 67 45 21 16 8 4
maternal death definition
maternal death is:
The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of
termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the
site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated
by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental
or incidental causes.
Maternal death prevalence is measured by :

Maternal mortality ratio (MMR): the ratio of the number of

maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live
births during the same time-period.
The MMR is used as a measure of the quality of a health
care system.

Maternal mortality rate (MM Rate): the number of maternal

deaths in a population divided by the number of women of
reproductive age, usually expressed per 1,000 women.
Causes:
Factors that increase maternal death can be direct
or indirect.
Generally, there is a distinction between a direct
maternal death that is the result of a complication
of the pregnancy, delivery, or management of the
two
and an indirect maternal death
that is a pregnancy-related death in a patient with a
pre-existing or newly developed health problem
unrelated to pregnancy.
Fatalities during but unrelated to a pregnancy are
termed accidental, incidental,
or non obstetrical maternal deaths.
The WHO notes that in 2014 the major causes of maternal
deaths globally are:
-severe bleeding/hemorrhage (27%),
- Infections (11%),
-Unsafe abortion (8%),
- high blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia
and eclampsia) (14%),
- obstructed labour (9%),
-blood clots/embolism (3%)
-and pre-existing conditions (28%).
Indirect causes are malaria, anaemia, HIV/AIDS, and
cardiovascular disease, all of which may complicate
pregnancy or be aggravated by it.
Prevention:

Most maternal deaths are preventable, as the health-

care solutions to prevent or manage complications
are well known.

All women need access to antenatal care in

pregnancy, skilled care during childbirth, and care
and support in the weeks after childbirth
this can be achieve through:

1-improve the standards of health facilities (PHCs and

hospitals)

2-improve training & upgrading health care provider skills

3-identification of high risk groups & management of them.

4-decentralization of services by making them available to all

population

5-provision of supplies & equipments

6-use & develop protocol for management of obstetric
complication by putting guideline for management of routine
maternal care & management of complication

7-establish or strengthen the referral system

8-improve infrastructures & upgrade facilities

9-establish maternal mortality committee in each maternity

hospital

10-health education of community & especially childbearing

women

11-encourage & support the researches concerning MCH.