Lawrence Kohlberg & Abraham Maslow

Lawrence Kohlberg
Lawrence Kohlberg (born October
25, 1927 in Bronxville, NY – died
January 17, 1987, Boston,
Massachusetts) was a
behaviorism theorist. He studied
the way morals change as people
age by interviewing children and
following up every 3 years for 20
years. His theory, called “stages of
moral development” goes over
three levels of moral reasoning;
preconventional, conventional,
and postconventional each level
has two sub-stages.
Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow (April 1, 1908,
Brooklyn, New York, NY- June 8, 1970
(age 62 years)) was a psychologist who
created Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory
that suggests people have a number of
basic needs that must be met before
people move up the hierarchy to have
more social, emotional, self satisfaction.
For college Maslow studied law at the
College of New York, but dropped out
during his freshman year due to a lack of
interest in the subject,
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology developed by
Abraham Maslow and is represented by a pyramid-shaped diagram to
explain human behavior and motivation. The first four of the five
levels are described as deficit or basic needs— needs that arise due to
deprivation. A person’s desires to first meet basic physiological needs
(requirements for healthy functioning, such as food, shelter, air, water,
temperature, elimination, pain avoidance, and rest) must be achieved
before higher levels can be reached. The second level or safety needs
are requirements for protection from harm as well as security and life
stability. The third level is love and belonging needs are requirements
based on relationships, family, and affection to provide a sense of
acceptance. Self-esteem needs are requirements based on
self-confidence and the ability to help others. These needs represent
level four. Level five represents being needs—requirements that stem
from a desire to grow as a person.
 What is Kohlberg's Moral Order of Needs
Developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, Kohlberg’s moral order of needs is a
psychological theory used to explain the development of moral reasoning. Moral
reasoning is when an individual tries to determine the difference between what is
right and what is wrong, he believed that there was a specific order to this and
that not everyone makes it through all six stages. This is defined by three levels
and stages within each level preconventional morality, conventional morality
postconventional morality. Stage one is obedience—the act or practice of
compliance as a means to avoid punishment. Stage two is individualism—a belief
in independent thought or action based on an individual’s point of view. Stage
three is conformity—an action in following with social expectations and roles.
Stage four is social order—a particular and stable arrangement of institutions that
include law and order in a society where people live and work together. Stage five
is human rights—important freedoms, such as differing beliefs, values, and
opinions of others. Stage six is universal principles—accepted rules of conduct
and internalized principles of justice, even when conflict exists with laws and
rules..