Module 2 - The Excel Data Model

Module 2: The Excel Data Model 18.10.
21, 17:23
Module 2: The Excel Data Model
Contents:
Module overview
Lesson 1: T Using an Excel Data Model Th

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Lesson 2: DAX me me
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Module overview
This module introduces two analytical tools available in Microsoft® Excel®: the Excel Data Model and Data Analysis
Expressions (DAX).
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The Excel Data Model cu enables you to include huge volumes of raw data fromoacurange of sources into tables in your
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familiar Excel environment.nt You can create relationships between these tables andenvisualize tb raw data as business
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DAX provides a formula language, co similar to
a the formula in Excel, though more powerful cand
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manipulate data, because it is designed llo especiallyv. for this purpose. l low v.
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Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to:
• Describe the Excel Data Model and its use.

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• Use DAX toiscreate
do simple data analysis formulas. is
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Lesson 1: Using an Excel Data Model
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The Excel Data Model, which includes wethe PowerPivot add-in, enables you to integrate data fromwmultiple e tables, so
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that you can build a relational data source inside your Excel workbook. Before looking at the Excel Data Model, you
need to understand the term “data model”. To explain the structure of a data model, you need to understand tables,
and relationships between tables.
In this module, you will see how to create an Excel Data Model, and manage its tables and relationships.
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Lesson objectives
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After completing t b you will be able to:
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• Describe the Excel Data ed mail. and te its use. ed m a e
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• Explain the role of tables in the data llo model. llo v.
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• Create relationships between tables using keys.
• View an Excel Data Model.
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Module 2: The Excel Data Model 18.10.21, 17:23
What Is an Excel Data Model?
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Data Models o un ause ongs un ause longs
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rizassociated ist relational databases, such as Microsoft SQL
Data models are usually ed mail. with eC zeServer®
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Access®. A model describesopthe m
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sales (SalesTable) that holds information ow aboutv.all sales, such as Order Number, Sales Period, lSales low Value,vSales
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Outlet, Customer Id, and so on. A second ! table holds all the information about customers (CustomerTable), ! such as
the Customer Id, Customer Name, Customer Address, and Region. There is a customer for each sale, but the
business doesn’t want to hold duplicate details about the customer (name, address, telephone number) with every
sale. This would mean holding a large quantity of repetitive data and would almost certainly lead to data
inconsistencies. To avoid this, a relational database establishes a relationship between the two tables. Every sale has
a customer id, which relates to the customer id in the CustomerTable. This means that all the customer information
is held only Tonce
his in one table. When an employee wants to report on allTthe his customer purchases, the data model lets
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them combine information
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This simple model has rtwo ize tables m that is are connected by a one-to-many relationship; ze m Ris can make many
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purchases. A data model canopbecome o far amore us complex, with 10s or 100s of related tables. op o au
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The Excel Data Model !
The Excel Data Model is Excel’s implementation of the data model concept. Instead of having all your data in sheets
in a workbook, you can access the data by including it in the workbook's data model. This may seem like the same
thing, but the data model offers built-in analysis functionality—this means that the data available for you to analyze is
no longer limited to the number of columns, rows, and sheets that you can have in an Excel workbook. In Excel 2016,
you can create data models that contain millions of rows, against which you can perform data analysis.
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You can create a model me by importing data from a variety of sources by using several
me tools, including:
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• PowerPivot pie om us pie us
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• Power Query d! d!
• Table import wizard
Some of these sources, such as Power Query, completely bypass the Excel worksheet and load data directly into the
data model.
The data model itself is not visible in standard Excel worksheets. To see the data in Excel, you need to use
PowerPivot.
Tables in an Excel Data Model

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Excel users should be familiar with tables. However, table is a term commonly used for several different structures in
Excel. Columns and rows of data are generally called tables, but they are not strictly tables. A block of data is only an
Excel table if it is formatted as a table. You do this by selecting the block of data, clicking Table on the ribbon, and
then clicking OK, to create the table. Excel gives the table a default, sequential name, such as Table1, Table2, and so
Th change this name in the Table Name option on the TableTTools
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A table like this is limitednt by the Excel worksheet size of 1,048,576 rows by 16,384encolumns. t This may seem big in
workbook terms, unbut itusis smalln gsfor a database, which may hold many millionsu of
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The data model has new types of s atables, which he you can only see by clicking Manage Data Model sa on thehData
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Power Pivot ribbons. This command opens d! a new window and shows the tables currently in the workbook’s d! data
model.
Note: Note: a workbook can only have one data model. The data model may contain multiple tables.
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This looks like isthe Excel table, but the values cannot be edited directly. That
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The data model typesl
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• Fact tables ed a
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• Dimension tables we we
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Fact Table
Fact tables store quantitative data for analysis or reporting. In our example, the SalesTable is a fact table. It holds
information on the individual sales, but it does not hold detailed information on the customers, beyond the Customer
Id, which is the foreign key to the CustomerTable.
Dimension Table
A dimension table holds descriptive data (or attributes) that enable an analyst to slice and dice the data in the fact
table. By using the information in the CustomerTable, the data in the fact table can be grouped by Region.
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do tables, you can (and should) name tables for ease of use.
Like standard Excel do Traditionally, a fact table is preceded
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by the word “Fact” or an nt “f” while dimension tables are preceded by “Dim” or a “d”.nt
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FactSalesTable o uandcaDimCustomerTable.
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RelationshipsNdescribe howb one table relates to another. For example, if you
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There are three types of relationship: low we
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• One-to-many. This describes a relationship between two tables where one table has a unique field (cell) in a
record (row) that can relate to multiple records in another table. In our example, DimCustomerTable.CustomerID
has a one-to-many relationship with fSalesTable.CustomerID. This is because one customer can place many
orders.
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• One-to-one. This means
nt that there can only be one occurrence of the field in one nt record, in each table. This is the
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In this example, the relationship betweenofSalesTable.OrderNumber and
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DimCustomerTable.OrderNumber op om is auone-to-one relationship. co co h a
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• Many-to-many. This relationship describes a situation where many records in one table can relate to many
records in another. For example, many customers can purchase many products—related by
DimCustomerTable.ProductId and DimProductTable.ProductID.
Tables are related by key fields. Each table has a primary key field and, where you want a unique relationship
between tables, this relates to another table through a foreign key field.
Primary Keys
When you start working with large amounts of data, it is important to make sure that there are no duplications. For
example, the Thbusiness needs to be sure that every sale is unique. If this Tish not the case, then duplicate sales could
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occur, which woulddo make all business analysis uncertain, at best—or wrong, doat worst. To do this, the FactSalesTable
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has a unique entry for eachnt sale; the OrderNumber. Each order number is unique, nt
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Foreign Keys ed mail. ste C ed mail. ste C
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It is also important to ensure that there llo is a unique v. relationship between tables. In our example, ow v.
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DimCustomerTable has a primary key of CustomerId. This is used in the FactSalesTable to identify customers, but d !
it cannot be the primary key in the FactSalesTable, because a customer can make multiple purchases. In the
FactSalesTable it is a foreign key, because it uses the primary key from another table (DimCustomerTable) to relate
to information in the DimCustomerTable.
Demonstration: Viewing Data in an Excel Data Model

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In this demonstration, do create relationships between them.
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1. In the factSalesTable csheet, op coclick auA1. op o au
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2. On the ribbon, click Insert, then click e d! Table. e d!
3. In the Create Table window, accept the default options and click OK.
4. On the ribbon, in the Properties section, highlight Table1 and type FactSalesTable, and then press Enter.
5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 for the following sheets, replacing the default table name with the title of each sheet:
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• DimCustomerTable
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• DimRegionTable thori @gm o Ris ori gm Ris
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• DimProductTable ies m sh ies m sh
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• DimProductCategoryTable !
• DimProductSubcategoryTable
6. Click the factSalesTable tab.

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7. do click Insert, and then click PivotTable.
On the ribbon, do
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In the Create l
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9. In the PivotTable Fields ies m scroll
pwindow, us the Choose fields to add to report list. Note: pieonly au
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10. On the ribbon, click Data and then click Manage Data Model.
11. In the Microsoft Excel dialog box, click Enable. Note: the FactSalesTable data is now in the data model in the
Power Pivot for Excel - Mod2_Demo1.xlsx window.
12. Select the Mod2_Demo1.xlsx - Excel window.
13. In the PivotTable Fields window, click All and scroll the Choose fields to add to report list. Note: all the
tables and their columns are available, but only FactSalesTable is active. Other tables only become active when
one or more of their columns is being used in the PivotTable.
14. Navigate to the Power Pivot for Excel - Mod2_Demo1.xlsx window. Note: only the FactSalesTable is in the
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Select the c b e - Excel window. N o u cau elon
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16. Click the sheet hdimCustomerTable,
riz i click anywhere in the table, then, on the o ribbon,
riz g clickRiPower Pivot, and
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then click Add to DataoModel. pie omNote:auins the Power Pivot for Excel - Mod2_Demo1.xlsx ies m us
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DimCustomerTable is now part llo of the data v. model. ow v.
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17. On the Power Pivot for Excel - Mod2_Demo1.xlsx window ribbon, click Diagram View. The two tables are in
the diagram of the model. Note: there is no relationship between them.
18. Click and hold CustomerKey in FactSalesTable and drag it to CustomerKey in DimCustomerTable. Note: a
one-to-many relationship (one denoted by a 1 and many denoted by an *) is created. That means that one
customer can make multiple purchases.
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19. Repeat stepscu14meand 15 for the following tables: me
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• DimRegionTable ized mail. ste C ed mail. ste C
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• DimProductTable llo v. llo v.
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• DimProductSubcategoryTable
• DimProductCategoryTable
20. Repeat
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• DimRegionTable[GeographyKey] n g to DimCustomerTable[GeographyKey] u na u s ng
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• DimProductTable[ProductKey] d c ail.c toteFactSalesTable[ProductKey]
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• DimProductSubcategoryTable[ProductSubcategoryKey]
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• DimProductCategoryTable[ProductCategoryKey] to DimProductSubcategoryTable[ProductCategoryKey]
21. In the Diagram View, click the relationship line between FactSalesTable and DimProductTable. Note: the
related columns are highlighted.
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22. Close Excel cwithout
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Lesson 2: DAX ed mail. ste C ze a te
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The power of the Excel Data Model is truly d d
! realized when you start to use DAX to manipulate the raw! data. DAX is a
formula-based development tool, similar to the formulas that you might develop in Excel. However, DAX is designed
to manipulate data, so it provides powerful and flexible functions to work with the data in a data model.
In this lesson, you will see how you can use DAX to create different types of formulas in the Excel Data Model and
how DAX functions, based on the context in which it is used.
Lesson objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Describe the features of DAX.

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• Explain the importance of context for a DAX formula. do
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• List someNof o uthe ccategories lo of DAX formulas. No c
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• Create simple DAX formulas. ze
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Introduction to DAX
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Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) co c
is a formula
ha language, rather than a programming language. d co il.cThis Ch
makes
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appearance—and its use—to Excel s h
all formulas. It evprovides functions, operators, and constants s that
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develop formulas, or expressions, to create ! new values from the data in the Excel Data Model. DAXdformulas ! are
similar in appearance to standard Excel formulas; however, Excel formulas use cell references while DAX acts on
entire columns. You type the DAX formulas into the Power Pivot view of the table, and the calculation is applied to
the entire column; there’s no need to copy down the formula. To achieve this, DAX has its own syntax.
You create DAX formulas in the Power Pivot screen. To see this, click Power Pivot on the ribbon, and then click
Manage. The Th screen that appears looks like a single screen, but it is, in Tfact, split into two areas—the Calculation
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Area (top) and sthe
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You can use DAX
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• Calculated columns d co l.com Cha
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• Measures we we
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Calculated Columns
The formulas that you just looked at are examples of calculated columns. This means that you have created a new
column in your data model, which is called CalculatedColumn1. You can rename this, perhaps to [Profit] and use it in
other calculations and data analysis.
Calculated columns are created in the calculation area of the Power Pivot screen.
Syntax
The DAX syntax—the

Th structure of the formulas—for a simple expressionTis as follows:
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u n a u se l o n g s
=[ListPrice]-[ProductCost] o u cau elon
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This expression is designed to ifind s a the profitshon
e an item—the sale price minus the cost of production.all he
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This breaks down as follows:
• Each formula begins with an equal sign (=) and this is followed by a reference column. The column name is
surrounded by square brackets, such as [ListPrice].
• Then comes an operator, such as any of the usual mathematical operators (+, -, /, *). There follows another
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referenced iscolumn
do that contains the data that you need to complete the is calculation. This is a very simple
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calculated column,ebut there are far more complex and powerful examples. me
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all e v a eMeasures
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The bottom section of the Power Pivot ow screen is . called the Values Area, and is used to develop l measures.
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are calculations used for data analysis. These ! can include familiar Excel calculations, such as SUM, AVG, ! COUNT,
and so forth. You can also use more advanced calculations by using DAX formulas.
Syntax
The syntax of a measure is as follows:
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TotalSalesAmount:=SUM(fSalesTable[SalesAmount]) me
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The elements of this measure ail iste C
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• TotalSalesAmount: This is the name we of the measure. Note that a measure name is followed by l o wea colon (:).. This
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name can be used in other DAX formulas, including those in calculated columns.
• = The equal sign shows that this is the beginning of the calculation formula, just like in Excel.
• SUMThis is the function that will be used—in this case, the measure will add up the items in the SalesAmount
column of the fSalesTable table.
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• (…)The parentheses surround measure arguments, just as you see in do
standard
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• fSalesTableThis cis the name
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• [SalesAmount]This iis r m i s rize m inisthe fSalesTable
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table. This is known as a fully column
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Implicit and Explicit Measures
There are two types of measures:
• Implicit
• Explicit
An implicit measure is created by Excel automatically, when you drag a field to the Values area of the PivotTable
Fields window in an Excel sheet. You may not even realize that a measure has been created by Excel, but, if you look
at the Value list, you will see that the field that you dragged to the Values list is now prefixed with “Sum of”. If the field
you draggedThwas
is called OrderQuantity, it would now be called Sum of OrderQuantity.
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An implicit measure n
only t uses the following aggregation options: Sum, Count, nt
Average,
No b e N b Max, Min, StdDev, StdDevp,
u
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u lon o u cau elon
Var, Varp, and Distinct
na s
Count.
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You
s can change the aggregation by right-clicking na thesfield
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name in the Values list and
uth v r@ to uth v r@ s to
o
selecting Value Field Settings.
riz g m R i s o r g m Ris
ed a te i z ed a te
co il.com Cha co il.com Cha
pie us pie us
sa he sa he
An explicit measure is created when lloyou type a vformula
. into a cell in the Calculation Area, or by llousing AutoSumv. in the
we we
Power Pivot window. d! d!
Context of Calculations
Th Th
is is
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au v au
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Th Th
is is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
au e uth evr@ s to
riz i
pie om us pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. l l o v.
The concept of context is important when we you work with DAX formulas. There are two types of context: we
d! d!
• Row context
• Filter context
Th Th
Row Contextis do do
is
cu cu
me m
Row context refers to the nt current row. The example of a column calculation in the eprevious
nt topic was:
un us n g u n u s ng
au e s au e s
riz i riz i
=[ListPrice]-[ProductCost] co co h a c o co ha
pie m us pie m us
sa he sa he
llo v. l l o v.
we we
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The values for each row in the table were calculated from values in the two columns ListPrice and ProductCost. The
column calculation then acts on each row in the table. The row context also applies when a formula function applies
filters to identify a row in a table. The function applies a row context for all rows in the table.
Filter Context
A filter context describes the filters applied in a calculation. This is in addition to any row context that exists. These
can be applied in the PivotTable Fields window, by adding field items to options, such as Filters.
In the example, the column calculation =[ListPrice]-[ProductCost] can be further filtered on other columns, such as
SalesYear or SalesRegion. If a filter for SalesYear is applied, the result of the calculation is shown by the year of the
sale (2010, 2011, and so on). As well as adding filters by column or through Power Pivot slicers, you can add filters in
DAX formulas.
Th You can do this by creating a measure that uses a function Th (ALL, RELATED, FILTER, CALCULATE,
is
relationship, measure or column) to define a filter. is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
N b e N b
c
u n a u se l o n g s
Filter contextoexample o u cau elon
na se g
au v
As an example of this, ryou is o g Ri
ize needm to create a filter context for sales regions in your model.
riz The measure
ed mail. ste C
looks like this:
d c ail.c te Ch c c ha
op om a us o p o m us
ies he ies he
all v. all v.
ow ow
ed ed
!
SalesRegion:=CALCULATE([TotalSalesAmount],DimRegion[SalesRegion]=”NortWest”) !
Some of the syntax was covered in the previous topic, so the explanations for these elements are brief. The syntax is
as follows:
Th
• SalesRegion: Th
is The measure name. is
do do
cu cu
me me
• = The start of the formula.
nt nt
No c b e No c be
• CALCULATE The a v
uthfunction.
r to a uth vr@ to
ori @gm Ris ori gm Ris
ze a i te ze a i te
dc l. Ch dc l. Ch
• (…) The parentheses. o p co m au op com au
ies sh ies sh
all e v. a l ev.
ow low
• [TotalSalesAmount] This is the measure e d! e d!
(TotalSalesAmount) created in the last topic.
• ,Commas are used to separate filters.
• Dim Region[SalesRegion]=”NortWest” This defines a referenced column (DimRegion[SalesRegion]) with a

specified value; in this case, ‘NorthWest’.
Th Th
is is
do do
cu cu
The filtering imposedmeby nt this formula means that margin values defined by the me
TotalSalesAmount
nt measure are
b be
calculated forNothe
un
ca
entries
u inelothe column SalesRegion in the table DimRegion
n
No that ca have
u l a
onvalue of ‘NorthWest’.
un
au sevr@ gs to au sevr@ gs to
tho gm R th ori gm Ris
riz ail iste C ze a te
Examples of DAXedFormulas co .
pie om
c ha
us
d co il.com Cha
pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. l l o v.
we we
d! d!
Th Th
is is
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No c be No ca belo
u n a u se l o n g s un us
e ng
s
au au
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co co
m ha co il.com Cha
pie us pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. llo v.
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d! d!
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Th Th
is is
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me me
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No c be No c be
au v au v
riz i riz i
co c ha co c ha
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sa he sa he
llo v. llo v.
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Th Th
is is
do do
There are more than cu 200 functions available for use in DAX formulas. cu
me me
nt nt
No ca belo No c be
u na u s ng un ause longs
uth evrthese
For ease of identification, s are
to categorized as follows: au
tho vr@g to R
ori @gm Ris riz i
ze
d c ail.c te Ch ed mail. ste C
om co co ha
• Date and Time Functions opie au
sh pie m us
he
sa ev. sa v.
llo llo
we we
• Time Intelligence Functions d! d!
• Filter Functions
• Information Functions
• Logical Functions
Th Th
is is
• Statistical Functions
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
• Text Functions
au e uth evr@ s to
riz i
co c om ha d co il.com Cha
There are also more specialized pie DAX formula us categories for Mathematics and Trigonometry, pie Parent/Child, us and Other
sa he sa he
l l o v. l l o v.
(miscellaneous) functions. we we
d! d!
Here are examples and explanations of some of the commonly used DAX formulas:
• Date and Time. These are similar to the date and time functions that you might already have used in Excel,
although they are based on SQL Server date/time data types.Example: DATE
Th Th
is is
do do
cu
=DATE(2016,7,25) cu
m en me
tb nt
au e uth evr@ s to
This returns the daterizJuly 25, 2016.i
pie om us pie us
• Time Intelligence. These functions sa createhformulas
ev. that combine time and date ranges with s a aggregations he or
v.
llo l l o
we we
calculations. This means that you can d! develop comparisons across different time periods.Example: d!
DATESBETWEEN
=CALCULATE(SUM(FactSales[SalesAmount]), DATESBETWEEN(DateTime[DateKey], DATE(2016,6,1),

DATE(2016,8,31)))
This calculates the SalesAmount in the FactSales table between the dates June 1, 2016 and August 31, 2016.
• Filter. You have already seen a filter function (CALCULATE) in action. This function lets you return data types, look
up valuesThin related tables, and filter by values in related tables to provide Th filter context.Example: DISTINCT
is is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
N b e N b
o u cau
=COUNTROWS(DISTINCT(InternetSales_USD[CustomerKey]))
lon o u cau elon
na s e g s na se gs
uth v r to uth v r to
ori @gm Ris ori @gm Ris
ze ze
This counts the number ofopunique o au op in othe au Sales USD
ies m customers sh (CustomerKey) who have generated orders ies m Internet sh
a l ev. a l ev.
table. l ow l ow
ed ed
! !
• Information. You use information functions to check whether the table or column that you provide as an
argument to another function returns a value that matches the expected type. Example: CONTAINS
=CONTAINS(InternetSales, [ProductKey], 214, [CustomerKey], 11185)
Th Th
is is
do do
c um
This creates a calculated measure that tells you whether there were any Internetcu
en me sales of the product 214, and to
t nt
customer N11185,caat the besame time. No ca belo
ou u lon u u ng
na s g na s
o
• Logical. Logical functions
riz g R o
returni information about values in an expression. Example:riz gIF Ri
co co ha co c ha
pie m us pie om us
sa he s all he
llo v. o v.
w
=IF([OrdersPerDay]<200,"low",IF([OrdersPerDay]<300,"medium","high"))
ed w ed
! !
This creates a calculated measure that tells you whether the orders on a given day were “high” (300+), “medium”
(299-200), or “low” (<200).
• Statistical. These functions perform aggregations, such as sum, average, minimum, and maximum. Example:
AVERAGE Th Th
is is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
N b e N b
o un
c a us l on
=AVERAGE(FactInternetSales[SalesAmount]) o u
c au elon
ev gs na se g
au
tho r@g to R uth vr@ s to
riz m i s ori gm Ris
te ze
ed a
pie mean of the us numbers in the column [SalesAmount] in the op om au
This calculates the arithmetic sa he ieFactInternetSales
sa sh table.
llo v. l ev.
we l o we
• Text. The text functions, like Excel text d! d!
functions, enable you to return text within a string, or concatenate string
values. You can also use the FORMAT function to format values, such as dates, times, and numbers.Example:
FIND
his T T
=FIND(“Mountain Bike”,”Line of Mountain Bike accessories”)his
d oc d oc
um um
en en
tb t
u
This finds the position uof n
se the first
g letter of the product designation, Mountainu Bike, uin
s nstring
g
na
uth vr@ s to
n au
t
e vthe
r@ s to
that contains the
R h gm Ris
product description. oriz gm i s te
ori
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op o au
pie
sa
us
he ies m sh
v a ev.
DAX Function Reference llo
we . llo
we
d! d!
https://aka.ms/r2g54l
Demonstration: Working with DAX

In this demonstration, you will see how to create and use calculated columns and measures with DAX.
Demonstration steps
View a Data Model
1. Click Enable
Th Editing, and then click Enable Content, should these Thnotification messages appear. Note: the
is is
d
workbook appears empty. This is because the data has been importeddofrom
oc
um cu SQL Server directly into the data
en me
model. tb nt
No e N b
c
u n a u se l o n g s o u cau elon
au na se gs
2. v r@ to then click Manage Data Model. Note: the umodel tho r@v to tables in seven
ori Data,
On the ribbon,thclick gm and Ris riz
hasg seven
ma Riste
ze a i te e i
sheets. d co l.com Cha d co l.com Cha
pie us pie us
sa he sa he
3. l l ow v. v.
llo been defined.
On the ribbon, click Diagram View. ed Note: the relationships between the models have already w ed
! !
Add a Calculated Column
1. On the ribbon, click Data View, and then click the factSalesTable tab.
Th Th
2. is click the column heading Add Column.
In the sheet, is
do do
cu cu
me me
3. Type = N n t
(equal),c thenbclick the column heading Order Quantity, type * nt then click the column heading
(asterisk),
ou au elon No ca belo
s gs Note: the formula appears in the formula bar u u
naandsthe ng of the calculation Order
List Price, nand
au press e Enter. uth evr@ result
st
tho vr@g to R o g
oR
Quantity, multiplied riz by List
m Price,
ail i s te appears in each row of the new column. Thisri is
ze an mexample
a ist of row context.
ed
co .co Ch dc i l.c e Ch
pie m a us o pie o m au
sa he sa sh
4. Double-click the column heading llo Calculated v. Column 1, type Revenue and press Enter. l ev.
we low
d! e d!
5. On the ribbon, in the Formatting section, click $ (dollar), and then click $ English (United States). Note: all
values in the Revenue column are now formatted to USD.
6. Click the column heading Add Column, insert the formula =[OrderQuantity]*[Product Cost], and press Enter.
7. Click the column heading Calculated Column 1, type Cost, and press Enter.
Th Th
is is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
Use Calculated
No Columns
ca b in
elo a PivotTable No ca belo
au e uth evr@ s to
1. riz ma ist ze te
Navigate to the Excel ed workbooki eMod2_Demo2.xlsx. a
co l .c C ha d co il.com Cha
pie om us pie us
sa he sa he
2. Click New sheet. llo v. l l o v.
we we
d! d!
3. On the ribbon, click Insert, and then click PivotTable. Note: in the Create PivotTable, the radio button Use this
workbook’s Data Model is selected. Excel has recognized that there is already a data model.
4. In the Create PivotTable window, leave all the options at their default settings and click OK.
5. In the PivotTable Fields window, locate and expand factSalesTable. Scroll to Revenue and drag this field to
Th Th
the Valuesis pane. is
do do
cu cu
me me
6. In the PivotTable nFields
tb dimRegionTable. nt
No ca elo window, locate and expand No ca tobeCountry
Scroll
lon
and drag this field to
un us n g u n u s g
the Rows pane. au e
Note: the s PivotTable now shows revenue values for each au e
country. s
riz i riz i
7. In the PivotTable Fields co window,co h
locate
a and expand dimProductCategoryTable, c
scroll
o cto
o ha
pie m us pie m us
s he snow he
ProductCategoryName andalldrag ow this field
v. to the Columns pane. Note: the PivotTable a llo shows thev. product
ed we
categories in the columns, so that you ! have a revenue by country, by product category. d !
Add a Filter
1. In the PivotTable Fields window, locate and expand dimDateTable, right-click CalendarYear, and click Add
as Slicer.
2. In the CalendarYear slicer window, click 2007, and then click 2006. Note: the slicer is a filter that shows the
PivotTable results for the year that you select.
Work with Measures

Th Th
is is
do do
cu cu
1. In the Values pane,m en click Sum of Revenue. Note: this is an implicit measure. me The field dragged to the Values
tb nt
N e N b
pane was ca
o ufactSalesTable[Revenue].
lon o u cau thateldefaults
Excel automatically created a measure to the SUM function.
na u s e g s na se ongs
uth v r@ to uth v r@ to
o gm Ris ori gm Ris
2. In the drop-downrimenu, ze ail Value
d c click t Field Settings. ze
.co e Ch d c ail.c te Ch
op au op o au
ies m sh i s m sh
3. Scroll to show the other calculation all ev. that are available: Count, Average, Max,eMin,
functions a l StdDev, ev.
StdDevp,
ow l ow
Var, Varp, and Distinct Count. e d! e d!
4. In the Value Field Settings window, click Cancel.
5. In the PivotTable Fields window, locate factSalesTable and drag CustomerKey to the Values pane. Note: the
PivotTable now shows the Sum of CustomerKey, which is meaningless.
6. Th of CustomerKey and click Value Field Settings.

Click Sum Th
is is
do do
cu cu
me me
7. In the Value FieldntSettings window, scroll down, then click Distinct Count, nt then click OK. Note: the
and
No c b elo No ca belo
un aof
Distinct Count us CustomerKey
e n gs column now shows the number of u
customers
na u s who nghave generated orders for
au
tho vr@g to R uth evr@ s to
each product in each riz country. i o riz g Ri
co co ha co c ha
pie m us pie om us
sa he sa he
llo v. l low v.
we e
Create Explicit Measures d ! d !
1. Navigate to the Power Pivot for Excel - Mod2_Demo2.xlsx window.
2. Click anywhere in the Values section of the screen.
Note: the Values section is the empty area underneath the data.
Th Th
is is
do do
3. c um
Type TotalRevenue:=sum(rev, then double-click [Revenue] in the drop-down cu
en me list, then type ) and press Enter.
tb nt
4. u
On the ribbon, u
na in sFormatting,n g click $ (dollar) and click $ English (United u u s
naStates). ng
ori gm R ori gm Ris
5.
ze
d cbelowail iste C ze
d ail te
Ch
In the Values section, .cthe
o TotalRevenue:
ha measure, type TotalCost:=sum(cos, co then .c double-click
op
ies m us pie om au
sh
factSalesTable[Cost] in theadrop-down h s
llo v. then type ) and press Enter.
elist, all
o
ev.
we we
d! d!
6. On the ribbon, in Formatting, click $ (dollar) and click $ English (United States).
7. In the Values section, below the TotalCost: measure, type Margin%:=(, then click the TotalRevenue: measure,
then type - (minus), then click the TotalCost: measure, type )/, and then click the TotalCost: measure and
press Enter.
8. On theThribbon,
is in Formatting, click %. Note: this measure refers toThother
is measures, not just columns in the
do do
table. cu
me
cu
me
nt nt
au e uth evr@ s to
riz i
Work with Explicit Measures ed mail. ste C ze a te
pie om us pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. l l o v.
1. Navigate to the Mod2_Demo2.xlsx we -Excel window. we
d! d!
2. Drag Sum of Revenue and Distinct Count of CustomerKey out of the Values pane to the sheet to remove
them.
3. In the PivotTable Fields table list, locate and expand FactInternetSales, then scroll to the bottom of the list.
4. Drag the measures TotalRevenue, TotalCost, and Margin% into the Values pane. Note: these are examples of
filter context.
5. Close Excel without saving changes.
Lab: Explore
Th
is
d
an Excel Data Model Th
do
is
oc cu
um me
en nt
tb b
No e N o u cau elon
Scenario un cause long na se g
au v s uth v r@ s to
tho r@g to R o g R
You have an Excel DatarizModel ist riz Themmodel ail isis
ed mafor Internet
e sales for your company, Adventure Works. ed t in a very basic
.co e Ch
co il.com Cha c o m au analyze the
state—you must create and format
pie calculated us columns and measures to develop a PivotTablep ies so you can sh
sa he all ev.
llo
data and produce business information. v. ow
we e
d! d!
Objectives
At the end of this lab, you will be able to:
Create and use calculated columns.

Th Th
is is
d do
• Format data inocthe
um Excel Data Model. cu
en me
tb nt
No c e No c be
• Create and use a us long
un measures. un ause longs
au e s au
riz m i riz i
• Analyze data from a data a
ed model instea PivotTable. ed mail. ste C
co il.com Cha co co
m ha
pie us pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. llo v.
we we
d! d!
Lab setup
Estimated Time: 45 minutes
Virtual machine: 20779B-MIA-CLI
User name: TStudent

his Th
is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
Password: Pa55w.rd
un us ng un us ng
au e s au e s
riz m ist riz m i st
Exercise 1: Create Calculateded a e Columns ed a e
co il.com Cha co il.com Cha
pie us pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. llo v.
we we
d! d!
Scenario
In this exercise, you will create calculated columns for several of the tables in the data model. You will then create a
PivotTable and add these and other fields to it.
The main tasks for this exercise are as follows:

Th Th
is is
1. do
Open the Workbook do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
be ca belo
2. ExploreNthe
ou c
Data au Modell No
na se o n g s un
au
us
e ng
s
uth vr@ to tho vr@g to R
o g Ri i st
3. Create CalculatedrizColumns
ed mail. ste C
riz
ed m a e
co c ha co il.com Cha
pie om u pie us
4. Create a PivotTable and Add s a Columns shev sa he
v.
llo . llo
we we
d! d!
Detailed Steps ▼
Detailed Steps ▼
Detailed Steps ▼
T Th
DetailedhSteps
is
d
▼
do
is
oc cu
um me
en nt
tb b
No ca e N o u cau elon
lon with calculated fields visualized in a PivotTable.
Result: An Excel
un Dataus Model g na se g
ev s
au
riz i o riz g Ri
p m ies m us
Exercise 2: Format DataiesModel all Datash
e v. all he
v.
ow ow
ed ed
! !
Scenario
In this exercise, you will format the calculated columns that you added to the Excel Data Model.

Th Th
is is
do do
1. Format Data in c cu
umthe Excel Data Model As Date and Review How This Changes
en me the Appearance of Your
t nt
PivotTable.
No c b e No c be
au v a uth vr@
t o r@g to R to
2. Format Data in hthe rizDatamModel As Currency ori gm Ris
ed ail iste C ze
dc a i l.
te
Ch
.c
co
pie om ha
us op com au
sa he i e s sh
llo v. all ev.
we ow
d! e d!
Detailed Steps ▼
Detailed Steps ▼
Result: A PivotTable with currency values formatted as US dollars.

Th Th
is is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
Exercise 3: NoCreate b
ca Measures
elo No ca belo
au e uth evr@ s to
riz i
Scenario pie om us pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. l l o v.
we we
In this exercise, you will create explicit measures d! in your Excel Data Model, format these, and then add d! them to your
PivotTable.
1. Create Explicit Measures

Th Th
2. is
Use Measures is
do in Your PivotTable do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
un us ng un us ng
au e s au e s
Detailed Steps ▼ized ail. iste C
r m riz
ed m a i st
e
co c ha co il.com Cha
pie om us pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. llo v.
w e we
Detailed Steps ▼ d! d!
Result: A completed PivotTable that is ready to be used to analyze the Internet Sales data for AdventureWorks.
Exercise 4: Analyze the Data
Scenario
The PivotTable is now populated with the fields, calculated columns, and explicit measures that you need to perform
useful business analysis. In this exercise, you will use filters and slicers to help you visualize useful information from
your Excel Data Model.
Th Th
i is
The main taskss for
do this exercise are as follows:
cu
do
cu
me me
nt nt
No c be No c be
1. u n a u se l o n g s
Add a Filter un ause longs
au v au v
riz i riz i
2. Add a Slicer ed mail. ste C ed mail. ste C
co c ha co c ha
pie om us pie om us
sa he sa he
llo v. llo v.
we we
d! d!
Detailed Steps ▼
Detailed Steps ▼
Th
Result: Business Th group.
information that you have filtered by period and product
is is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
Review Question(s)
u na u s n g u na u s ng
ori gm Ris ori gm Ris
ze ze
op o au op o au
Check Your Knowledge ies m sh ies m sh
all ev. a l ev.
ow low
ed ed
! !
Discovery
When you added FactInternetSales[Order Revenue] to the Values pane of the PivotTable, what was automatically
created?
Show solution Reset

Th Th
is is
do do
cu cu
me me
nt nt
No b elo No ca belo
Check Your Knowledge
un
ca
us
e n gs u na u s ng
au
tho vr@g to R uth evr@ s to
riz i ori gm Ris
Discovery pie om us pie us
sa he sa he
llo v. l l o v.
Explicit measures require a name. What we symbol is used to denote the end of the name and the start weof the measure
d! d!
formula?
Show solution Reset
Module review and takeaways

Th Th
is is
do do
cu cu
me learned how to create an Excel Data Model from raw Excel
In this module, you have me worksheet data, by creating
nt nt
No b elo
caand reformatting NoYou have ca seen be
tables and including
un us n them in the workbook’s data model. u u lon how to relate tables with a
a e g s n a s e gs
data model, and then u v
thoextend r t
@ the odata u
and its functionality by creating calculatedthcolumns v r and to measures by using the
riz gm Ris ori @gm Ris
DAX formula language. You e a te z e a te to visualize it
d chaveil.also seen
Ch how you can include your data model datadin a PivotTable
co il.com Cha
o p co m au p us
as business information. i es sh i es he
all ev. all v.
ow ow
ed ed
! !

Module 2 - The Excel Data Model

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Module 2 - The Excel Data Model

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Module 2: The Excel Data Model 18.10.

Module 2: The Excel Data Model

Lesson 1: T Using an Excel Data Model Th

• Describe the Excel Data Model and its use.

• View an Excel Data Model.

What Is an Excel Data Model?

• Table import wizard

Tables in an Excel Data Model

Demonstration: Viewing Data in an Excel Data Model

6. Click the factSalesTable tab.

Power Pivot for Excel - Mod2_Demo1.xlsx window.

12. Select the Mod2_Demo1.xlsx - Excel window.

• Describe the features of DAX.

The DAX syntax—the

The syntax of a measure is as follows:

Implicit and Explicit Measures

There are two types of measures:

• ,Commas are used to separate filters.

• Dim Region[SalesRegion]=”NortWest” This defines a referenced column (DimRegion[SalesRegion]) with a

=CALCULATE(SUM(FactSales[SalesAmount]), DATESBETWEEN(DateTime[DateKey], DATE(2016,6,1),

=CONTAINS(InternetSales, [ProductKey], 214, [CustomerKey], 11185)

Demonstration: Working with DAX

Add a Calculated Column

Work with Measures

4. In the Value Field Settings window, click Cancel.

6. Th of CustomerKey and click Value Field Settings.

1. Navigate to the Power Pivot for Excel - Mod2_Demo2.xlsx window.

2. Click anywhere in the Values section of the screen.

5. Close Excel without saving changes.

Create and use calculated columns.

Estimated Time: 45 minutes

Virtual machine: 20779B-MIA-CLI

User name: TStudent

The main tasks for this exercise are as follows:

The main tasks for this exercise are as follows:

Result: A PivotTable with currency values formatted as US dollars.

The main tasks for this exercise are as follows:

1. Create Explicit Measures

Exercise 4: Analyze the Data

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Module review and takeaways

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