Sal Lab Manual. 16859643300980 PDF

ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Acharya Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Road, Bangalore-560 107
(Affiliated to VTU, Jnana Sangama, Belagavi)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SOFTWARE APPLICATION LAB
B.E - VI Semester, Civil Engineering
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]
Subject Code - 18CVL66
Lab Manual – 2022-23
Name :__________________________
USN :___________________________
Branch:_______________Section :_________
Acharya Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Road, Soladevanahalli,
Bengaluru, Karnataka 560107
(Affiliated to VTU, Jnana Sangama, Belagavi)
Department of Civil Engineering
SOFTWARE APPLICATION LAB
B.E - VI Semester, Civil Engineering

[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]
Subject Code – 18CVL66
Prepared and Reviewed By:
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,AIT, Acharya,

Bangalore -107
Approved By:
Prof. Dhananjay M
Head of Department of Civil Engineering,AIT, Acharya,
Bangalore -107
MOTTO
"Nurturing Aspirations Supporting Growth"
VISION
“Acharya Institute of Technology, committed to the cause of sustainable value-based
education in all disciplines, envisions itself as a global fountainhead of innovative
human enterprise, with inspirational initiatives for Academic Excellence”.
MISSION
“Acharya Institute of Technology strives to provide excellent academic ambiance to
the students for achieving global standards of technical education, foster intellectual
and personal development, meaningful research and ethical service to sustainable
societal needs.”
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
VISION
“Be a centre of excellence in education, research and technology with innovative ideas
to sustain in the globally competitive world”
MISSION
1. Nurture Civil Engineering graduates in professional development by providing a
congenial environment and resource persons.
2. Provide Industry institute interaction to train students in latest technologies.
3. Instill professional values to be leaders driving innovation in Civil engineering.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (STUDENT OUTCOMES):
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based
knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis
and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and
modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate
the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a
member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities
with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able
to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make

effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these
to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and
in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context
of technological change.
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
1. Collect and Interpret data required in civil engineering sectors for feasibility,
planning and design.
2. Apply fundamental engineering concepts in design of civil engineeringfacilities to
meet human needs and management of environmental issues.
3. Analyse Elements of Hydraulic, Geotechnical, Structural and transportation
systems.
4. Design Elements of Hydraulic, Geotechnical, Structural and transportation
systems.
Course Outcomes for Software Application Lab:
CO1: Develop plan and schedule building project using MSP.

CO2: Analyse and interpret the given data suitably for the given project.
CO3: Tabulate the results of structural elements using MS Excel.
CO4: Interpret the concepts and results both orally and written.
COs, POs, and PSOs mapping:
CO-PO-PSO Mapping Table PSOs
4
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
CO1 3 2 1 1 3 2
CO2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 3
2
CO3 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
CO4 3 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 2
Note:PSO mapping is done wrt. to the individual lab
Parameter POOR MODERATE EXCELLENT POs Max.

(1-3 Marks) (4-7 Marks) (8-10 Marks) Marks
Mapped
Develop a project Develop a project Develop a project
plan and schedule plan and schedule plan and schedule 1,2,
CO1 of a building with of a building of a building 3,12 10
(Rubric 1) errors and missing project using project using
out data in the MSP with MSP without
project using MSP minimal errors errors
Analyse and Analyse and Analyse and
interpret the given interpret the given interpret the given 1, 2,
CO2 data suitably for data suitably for data suitably for 3, 4,
(Rubric 2) the given project the given project the given project 5, 9, 10
with additional but unable to and verify its 12
support remove the errors. properties/output
obtained.
Tabulate/ Validate Tabulate/ Tabulate/
1,2
the results of Validate the Validate the
CO3 structural elements results of results of 3, 4,
10
(Rubric 3) using MS Excel structural structural 5, 6,
with additional elements using elements using 9, 10, 12
support. MS Excel but MS Excel and
unable to infer the infer the results
results satisfactorily.
satisfactorily.
CO4 Poorly interpret the Moderately Effectively 1, 2,
(Rubric 4) concepts and interpret the interpret the 3, 6, 10
results - orally and concepts and concepts and results 8, 10,
written form. results- orally and - orally 12
written form. and written form.
TOTAL MARKS 40
SOFTWARE APPLICATION LAB-18CVL66
MODULE – 01
ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
SYLLABUS
1. Analysis of plane trusses, continuous beams, portal frames.
2. 3D analysis of multi-storeyed frame structures.
INTRODUCTION:
ETABS is the abbreviation of “Extended3D Analysis of building System". ETABS is a product

of Computers and Structures, Inc. which is recognized globally as the pioneering leader in
structural engineering analysis and design software for structural and earthquake engineering.
They have introduced ETABS with the following paragraph. The innovative and revolutionary
new ETABS is the ultimate integrated software package for the structural analysis and design
of buildings. Incorporating 40 years of continuous research and development, this latest
ETABS offers unmatched 3D object based modeling and visualization tools, blazingly fast
linear and nonlinear analytical power, sophisticated and comprehensive design capabilities for
a wide-range of materials, and insightful graphic displays, reports, and schematic drawings that
allow users to quickly and easily decipher and understand analysis and design results.
Basic Process
The following provides a broad overview of the basic modelling, analysis, design, and detailing
processes:
1. Select the Base Units and Design Codes.

2. Set up Grid Lines
3. Define Story Levels.
4. Define Section Properties
5. Draw Structural Objects
6. Select Objects
7. Assign Properties
8. Define Load Patterns
9. Assign Loads
10. Define Load Cases
11. Edit the Model Geometry
12. View the Model
Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 8

13. Analyze the Model

14. Display Results for Checking
15. Design the Model
16. Generate Detail Documents
17. Output Results and Reports
18. Save the Model
1.1 ANALYSIS OF TRUSS
Step 1: Modelling using ETABS
Open Etabs and select Use built in setting and the basic data
Provide the grid information and click on the grid only.

Step 2: Import the Steel section
Define the frame section and import the new steel angle member from the
data base. After that by using imported member draw as per requirement.
Step 3: Draw the member

Remove the unwanted supports present in the joints and assign the support as
per the requirement.
Step 4: Assign the Support Condition

Step 5: Assign the Loads
Delete the Dead load :- Define > Load pattern > Select the ded load > Delete load.
Assigning the Live load to the joint
Assign > Joint Load > Force > Select the joint > click on Apply
After Assigning the Live load to the Truss member
Step 6: Release the Moment
Release the moment :- Select full drawing > Assign > Frame > Release / Partial
Fixity > Click on Moment 22 and moment 33 > Apply.

Step 7: Analyse the Model
Save the models and Analyze the model :- Analyze > click on Run Analysis.
Step 8: Check the Results
To see the Base reaction reults :- Go to Display > Force / Stress diagram >
Support Reaction > Apply.
To see the Axial force results :- Go to Display > Force / Stress diagram > Frame
/ Pier / spandrel > Apply.
By scrolling the mouse near the member you can see the results.

1.2 ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS WITH THREE SPANS
Step – 01 :- Set the basic details about the code and data base.
Step – 02 :- Provide the number of grid lines and spacing along the x axis.
Step – 03 :- Define the member and draw the member as per requirement.
Step – 04 :- Assign the load and support condition to the beam.
Assigning the Support

Repeat the above procedure and assign the loads

Plan and 3D view of after assigning all the loads
Step – 05 :- Save the model and Analyze the beam.

Step – 06 :- Check the base reaction, Shear force diagram and Bending moment
diagram.
NOTE :- Same as Above instead of Axial Force see the Bending Moment
(M3) and Shear force (V2).
SFD BMD

1.3 ANALYSIS OF 3D FRAMES FOR FOUR BAYS WITH THREE

STOREY
Step - 01:- New Model > Provide the basic Details > Provide the grid details and
storey details as per the requirement > click on grid only > OK
Plan and 3D View of grid
Step – 02:- Define > Material Properties > Click on Add New Material > Give
all the property about the material.
Repeat above procedure and define both the material such as Concrete and Steel

Step – 03:- Define > Section Property > Frame Section > Add New Property >
Click on required shape > Click on OK
Provide all the details of beam and click on OK
Repeat the same procedure and define the Column also.
Step – 04:- Define > Section Property > Slab Section > Add New Property >
Enter All required Data > Click on OK

Step – 05:- Draw > Draw Beam / Column > Select Quick Draw Beam > Select
the required Property > Draw the beams as per the requirement.
Step – 06:- Draw > Draw Beam / Column > Select Quick Draw Column > Select
the required Property > Draw the beams as per the requirement.

Step – 07:- Draw > Draw Floor / Wall > Select Quick Draw Floor > Select the
required Property > Draw the beams as per the requirement.
Step – 08:- i) Assign the Wall load on Beam ii) Assign the Support at lowest part
of the structure iii) Assign the Live Load and Floor finish on the Slab.

Step – 09:- i) Analyse > Run Analysis

Step – 10 :- i) See the Result SFD (V2) and BMD (M3)
Shear Force Diagram

Bending Moment Diagram

MODULE -2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND GIS APPLICATION
1. UNDERSTANDING BASIC FEATURES OF PROJECT

MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
It is a specialized suite of software designed to help you improve the efficiency of you
production team. This type of software is usually a multi-user cloud-based platform that
can be used for tracking the implementation, progress, and completion of single or multiple
projects.
In this definition of project management software, such a system is basically a tool that
helps business owners, project, and people managers track the progress of deliverables.
These tools make it easier to collaborate, track, and complete tasks as they come. It’s also
a great tool for knowledge sharing, as it encourages proper documentation throughout the
organization.
USE A PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
1. Real-time collaboration – Project management software should be great collaboration

tools because it can give users the capacity to work in collaboration with each other in
a shared space without sacrificing each user’s focus.
2. Sharing documents – Part of the real-time collaboration feature is the ability to share
and work on documents with other members of your team.
3. Cost management – One of the biggest challenges faced by project managers is
accurately predicting costs, and mitigating them.
4. Reporting – Efficient cost management wouldn’t be possible without the help of
reliable reporting. Good project management software gives its users the ability to
adjust their report formats.
5. Ease of use – Since the goal of project management software is to make the entire
endeavor easier for all of its users, most, if not all, project management solutions
available in the market are easy to use and easy to understand.
6. Easier Documentation – In connection with easier collaboration, project management
software make documentation easier as well. This means that projects can be used for
analysis and re-implementation in the future, and the solutions provided by previous
teams can be implemented by other teams in future projects.

WHAT DOES PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE DO
1. Project tracking. This is the most basic function of project management software:
tracking your projects. This includes being able to track who worked on which task last,
the general overview of the entire project, identifying bottlenecks, and identifying
performers.
2. Easier collaboration. This is another goal of project management software. It makes
it easier for coworkers to check on the latest changes to a project, pick up where they
left off, or pick up from where their colleagues left off.
3. Better communication. Part of the collaborative effort involves better communication,
and the best project management software should make person-to-person and
department-to-department communication easier and more efficient.
4. Documentation. Since tracking a project involves documenting the knowledge gained
throughout the entire endeavor, proper documentation is key. This means your app
should be able to help you and your team simplifies the process of documenting
changes, technology, project updates, and new intelligence.
5. Accurate dashboards for reporting. This is an important purpose of project
management software. Accurate reporting is a key component of identifying your
company’s Key Performance Indicator, and project management software should help
you in generating the best reports for your business. They even give you the option of
setting up dashboards if you want a quick look at how you’re currently doing.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN GETTING PROJECT MANAGEMENT

SOFTWARE
1. Task and project creation. Most of the time, you’ll be using your project management
software to create cyclical, template projects. But once in a while, you’ll want to create
unique tasks and projects for your company’s needs. The flexibility between creating
unique tasks and projects and setting up template ones is integral in ensuring that you
are able to tackle projects of different shapes and sizes.
2. Simple and efficient reporting. If you’re going to be working with a project
management system, you’ll need accurate report creation powers. This feature is found
in all of the best apps in the market. And for good reason: when you’re working on a
project that blew up in terms of man hours and budget, you will want to be able to

pinpoint just how much you spent on the project, and what caused the problem. A good
reporting feature will go a long way in helping with this.
3. File sharing options. It’s always awesome whenever a project management solution
offers decent storage space for all the files you’ll be sharing. But sometimes, having the
option to use a third-party storage solution like Box or Drop box can be helpful too,
especially if you’re more familiar with another cloud storage provider.
4. Intuitive and clean User Interface. A good user interface can make or break a good
project management team. Sometimes, having an easy time using the application can
be more important than what the application can do.
5. Reliable support. Who are you going to call when something breaks in your project
management software? Knowing that you’re working with people who are willing and
able to help you come up with a solution to your app’s issues is a treasure.

2. Constructing Project: Create WBS, Activities And Tasks And Computation Time
Using Excel Spread Sheet And Transferring The Same To Project Management
Software.
A work-breakdown structure (WBS) also referred to as "contract work-breakdown

structure" or "CWBS", in project management and systems engineering, is a deliverable-
oriented breakdown of a project into smaller components.
A work breakdown structure is a key project deliverable that organizes the team's
work into manageable sections.
A work-breakdown structure element may be a product, data, service, or any
combination thereof. A WBS also provides the necessary framework for detailed cost
estimating and control along with providing guidance for schedule development and
control.
Fig 1: Typical Organization Chart

Procedure:
1. Using the flowchart give the numbering, for example is shown below
2. After numbering, go to the DATA menu and their select the SORT TO A-Z icon for
the code column.
3. Now enter the values in column LEVEL 1 to 4 by using the CODE column and at
last enter the ‘0’ in the last because of Sorting Purposes.

4. In G2 column enter the formula

=CONCATENATE(C2,”.”,D2,”.”,E2,”.”,F2,”.”) and drag up to G18.
5. In H2 column enter the formula

=COUNT(C2:F2) and drag up to G18.

6. In I2 column enter the formula

=SUBSTITUTE(G2,”.”,”?”,H2) and drag up to G18.
7. In J2 column enter the formula

=FIND(“?”,I2) and drag up to G18.

8. In K2 column enter the formula

=LEFT(I2,J2-1) and drag up to G18.
9. In L2 column enter the formula

=IF(LEN(K2)=3,K2,LEFT(K2,LEN(K2)-2))and drag up to G18.

10. FINALY select the FINAL column and go to the DATA menu and their select the
SORT TO A-Z icon for the code column.

COMPUTATATION OF TIME
1. Open the Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet.
2. Enter the Details as shown below figure
3. To calculate the elapsed time(D4)

=(Arrival time – Departure Time) or =(C5-B5) in the column D5
(The same formula will be used for remaining cells also or drag to every cells)
=(C5-B5)
Here we need to FORMAT THE CELLS by right clicking and there select the
CUSTOM and in that Select the [h]:mm

4. In the D10 cell there is value error because the arrival time is at the morning , to
calculate this we need to use the function called MOD.
(Mod : returns the remainder after is divided by divisor. The result has the same
sign as advisor)
=mod((C10-B10),1)
5. Now calculate total number of hours.

B. Microsoft Project Management Software

1. Open the Microsoft Project Management Software by double clicking on the icon from the
desktop.
2. A new window will appears, there enter the details in TASK NAME and DURATION as
shown in below figure
3. From the PROJECT→PROJECT INFORMATION enter the starting date of project.
4. From FILE→OPTIONS→DISPLAYselect the currency as INR

5. From FILE→OPTIONS→SCHEDULE enter the STARTING TIME and END TIME

and also select the AUTO SCHEDULED

6. From FILE→OPTIONS→ADVANCED enter the Standard Rate and Overtime Rate as

per the Indian Standards.

7. From PROJECT→CHANGE WORKING TIME, DEFAULT settings is there you

don’t need change (if we want means we can add the details).
8. After make the INDENT Task as shown in the following figure.

9. Now ASSIGN THE RESOURCESfrom RESOURCE menu
10. After assigning the resources, assign the tasks to the project.

11. From VIEW→TRACK USAGE
12. AS A RESULT YOU CAN CHECK FOR THE COST REPORT, ASSIGNMENT
REPORT AND WORKLOADS from the VIEW→PROJECT REPORT

3. CREATION OF NETWORK DIAGRAM

1. Open the Microsoft Project Management Software by double clicking on the icon from the
desktop.
2. A new window will appears, there enter the details in TASK NAME and DURATION as
shown in below figure
1. From the PROJECT→PROJECT INFORMATION enter the starting date of project.
2. From FILE→OPTIONS→DISPLAYselect the currency as INR

3. From FILE→OPTIONS→SCHEDULE enter the STARTING TIME and END TIME

and also select the AUTO SCHEDULED

4. From FILE→OPTIONS→ADVANCED enter the Standard Rate and Overtime Rate as

per the Indian Standards.

5. From PROJECT→CHANGE WORKING TIME, DEFAULT settings is there you

don’t need change (if we want means we can add the details).
6. After make the INDENT Task as shown in the following figure.

7. Now enter the predecessor according to the tasks should be completed or according to
the priority.
8. After that, from TASK→GRANT CHART→NETWORK DIAGRAM.
It will show the network diagram.

MODULE 3 – USE OF MICROSOFT EXCEL SPREAD SHEETS

Introduction
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program designed for everyday tasks such as setting
up a budget, maintaining an address list, or keeping track of a list of to-do items.
A spreadsheet is a grid divided into columns and rows The intersection of the column
and row is referred to as a cell .
Creating And Copying Formulas

Functions and Formulas are powerful tools in spreadsheets which can save you hours
of work.Functions are routines built into the Excel spreadsheet. Formulas, on the other hand,
are defined by the user, and may include the built-in functions. Both functions and formulas
accomplish the same task: they tell Excel to do some kind of calculation for you.
For example, at the end of a semester you will want to calculate a total point value, and
probably a percentage, for each student. To do this you can program the spreadsheet to do the
work on the values in appropriate cells. You can have the spreadsheet add up the numbers in a
whole range of cells, or have it tell you the average score in a range of cells, and so on. You
can also have the system copy a formula into other cells. Let's try a few things along these lines
now.
Creating the formula

Let's enter a formula and see what it does.
Select cell J10

Type =SUM(D10:H10) then click the Accept button ( )
The "=" symbol at the beginning is a clue to the system that what follows is a formula. So
remember this:
ALL SPREADSHEET FORMULAS BEGIN WITH THE "=" SIGN.
The formula =SUM(D10:H10) tells Excel to sum (add together) the scores entered in cells
D10through H10 and store the result in cell J10, J10 being the selected cell in which you want

the formula to do its job. SUM is one of many Excel built-in functions. It automatically carries
out the series of additions to produce the required result.
We’ll look at the built-in functions in a moment.
Notice the 0 (zero) that now appears in cell J10. This number is the sum of the zeroes you
typed in cells D10 through H10.
In a short while you will have an opportunity to test whether the formula is correct. You
will be entering into the spreadsheet a maximum score for real assignments along with a set of
scores for a roster of students.
For now, if you typed in the formula correctly and clicked the Accept button ( ) you
should see that J10 contains the sum of all the maximum scores (which for the time being is 0
(zero), of course).
Press ctrl-S again to save your work so far
Copying and pasting formulas

Soon you will be entering a set of data for several students. But first you must complete the
GradeTmp by creating a formula that will produce a total or sum of the eventual scores for
each student.
Before you carry out the exercise, here is a description of what is involved. Fig. 3.8 on the
next page illustrates the process.
You are going to copy the formula from cell J10 to the relevant cells in the same TOTAL
column. You will start by copying the formula to the clipboard. Then you willpaste it into the
first of the cells where you want the formula duplicated. Finally you will tell Excel to "fill
down" a copy of the formula to the remainder of the relevant cells in the column--one for each
student in the roster.

Spreadsheet cell before Document after

cut & paste process cut & paste process
=sum(D10..H10) =sum(D10..H10)
=sum(D14..H14)
=sum(D15..H15)
CUT PASTE
data from one or data from the clipboard
more cells in the =sum(D10..H10 to another cell or other
Spreadsheet to cells in the
the clipboard Spreadsheet
(or to another document
altogether)
Clipboard
Copying and Pasting

Pasting the formula...
Row 14 is where you will enter the first student's name and scores when you create an
actual gradesheet after you have saved this template. So you are going to paste the formula you
just copied (you copied it from cell J10) into cell J14.
Select cell J14
Press ctrl-V (this is the short cut command for selecting Paste from the Edit
menu)
Look at cell J14. You should see the value 0 (zero) stored there. Now look at the data in
the Entry bar at the top of the spreadsheet. Interesting! The formula is different from the one
you copied from cell J10.
Check this out--click on cell J10 again

Notice that the range of cells is D10 through H10.
Now click on cell J14 again
The range of cells is D14 through H14. So Excel automatically adjusted the range so that

it would make sense in row 14 (where the first student's scores will be). This is called Relative
referencing.
Relative references
You might find this a trifle tricky to follow, so put on your thinking cap! The system is
copying the formula in cell J10 to cell J14 in relation to ("relative to") cell J10. In other words,
just as the formula in J10 sums the values stored in cells D10 through H10, so the formula
copied to cell J14 will sum the values relative to cells D14 through H14.
Does that make sense to you? If so, give yourself a pat on the back! If not, don't despair.
Read it over a couple of times. The alternative to a Relative Reference, by the way, is an
Absolute Reference. You will need to use an Absolute Reference shortly, at which time you
will more easily understand what it means in the context of the exercise. Bet you can't wait to
check it out!
Press ctrl-S again to save your work so far (are you getting into the habit of doing
this?)
Filling down (copying the formula into the rest of the TOTAL column)
Excel provides a neat tool to duplicate the contents of cells into a set of adjacent cells.For
the sake of this exercise we will assume you will have just ten students in your class. You are
going to duplicate the formula that is in cell J14 into the other nine cells below it. As before,
Excel will automatically adjust the cell addresses so that they are appropriate (relative) to each
student's record.
Select cell J14, if it is not already selected
Use the mouse button to drag down to highlight all the cells from cell J14 to cell
J23
Notice that the set of cells from J14 through J23 are now selected as a block on the
screen.
From the Edit menu select Fill/Down (ctrl-D for short)
This command copies the formula down to the end of the selected set of cells. For now, a
zero will appear in each cell of the TOTAL column (see Fig below).
This is because you have not yet entered any scores. Later, when you do enter the scores,
the current total for each student will appear in the TOTAL column.

Press ctrl-S again
Setting up the Percentage formula

The next formula you need will go in the PCNT column (column L) and will calculate
the percentage for each student. The formula will tell Excel to divide the Total Points earned
by a particular student by the Total of all the Maximum Scores for each assignment.
Select cell L14, since this is the cell in the PCNT column for the first student
The formula you want will divide the value in cell J14 (which is the Total points for the
first student) by the value in cell J10 (which is the Total maximum score possible).
Type the formula =J14/J10 and press Enter
"A zero will appear in each cell of the TOTAL column."
Error messages are sometimes OK

The entry #DIV/0! is displayed in cell L14. This is an error message warning you that the
formula in cell L14 is telling Excel to divide by zero (the current value in J10)--an illegal
operation because it is undefined in math.
In one sense, you don't need to worry about this for now. You will eventually have a value
other than zero in cell J10 when you put actual Maximum scores into the Gradesheet and this

will take care of the #DIV/0! message. But the error message,
because it does not use the word "error" in the message, might be disconcerting to someone
who does not understand what is going on.
This might be the case if, for example, you were to share your template with a colleague at
your own or another school.
Using Logical functions

Excel has a useful built-in function for dealing with errors such as this. It's the logical
IFfunction. The whole function looks like this: =IF(Logic expression, Value if True, Value if
False). Actually, Excel has over 100 functions divided into nine categories. Let’s look at all the
built-in functions now so that you can know how to find them when you need them.
From the Insert menu select Function...
The Paste Function dialog box appears on the screen (Fig. 3.10).
Paste Function dialog box

Click on the Logical category in the Function category: box and look at the set of 6
Logical functions which appear in the box to the right
Notice the IF logical function—the third one listed in the Function Name: area of the
dialog box.
Click to select the IF Function now, and notice that the components of the IF
function are displayed below the Function category box in the dialog box (Fig. 3.10
again)

The Logical test part of the expression is a statement which the spreadsheet will evaluate
as either true or false. For example 2+2=5 will be evaluated as false; 2+2=4 will be evaluated
as true. The second part of the Logical IF expression (value_if_true) is what you want the
spreadsheet to put in the cell if the Logical expression is true. The third part of the Logical IF
expression (value_if_false) is what you want the spreadsheet to put in the cell if the Logical
expression is false.
Try the following example for practice. It will be easier to begin with if you just type in the
formula yourself instead of using the built-in function provided by Excel. Built-in functions are
really useful when you know what you’re doing, as you will soon enough. But let’s keep it
simple for now.
Close the Paste Function dialog box by clicking on the Cancel button
Click in cell A30 and type the formula:
=IF(2+2=5,"How can that be True!","Of course it's False!")
Click on the check mark (_) to accept the formula into cell A30
We know that 2+2=5 is False, so the result that will be displayed in cell A30 will be "Of
course it's False!". Notice, by the way, that you can have text as the result; it doesn't have to be
a number.
Select Clear from the Edit menu to remove the formula from cell A30
Back to the Division by zero problem
OK, in cell L14 you want to tell Excel that if the value in cell J10 is zero (0), it should put
aphrase such as "Div/0 error" in cell L14. This will better explain what is going on. It willalso
remind you that those Maximum Scores need to be updated before the spreadsheet will work
with an actual class of students. You will also tell Excel in cell L14 what to do if the value in
cell J10 is other than zero (0)--which it will be if there are Maximum Scoresother than zero.
In this case, you will tell Excel to go ahead and calculate the percentage forthe student.
Now, how would you write that as a formula? If you think you can figure it out (and you'll
impress your instructor no end if you can!), write down the correct formula in the box below:
=IF(J10=0,"Div/0 error",J14/J10)
Go ahead and type this formula into cell L14 now
Absolute references

You need to make one small change to the formula in cell L14 before you copy it to each of
the cells from L15 through L23. This is because part of the formula needs to be an Absolute
Reference.
Look at the formula again
=IF(J10=0," Div/0 error",J14/J10)
Cell J10 contains the total of the maximum scores. The percentage for every student is
calculated by using the value in this specific location. So the reference to this cell must
notchange when the formula is copied to the other cells in column J. This is why it is calledan
Absolute Reference--it must not change; it must always reference cell J10. The value in J14,
on the other hand, is relative to the student data in row 14. This reference (to cell J14) will
change relative to each student.
Does that make sense? Read the previous paragraph over again if you need to. The fact is
that you must tell Excel that you want any references to J10 in the formula specified for cell
L14 to be Absolute, otherwise the formula will not copy correctly to the other cells in column
J.
Follow these steps to do this.

Select cell L14
Look at the Entry bar. You should see the formula =IF(J10=0,–Div/0 error",J14/J10).
Position the cursor immediately after the first parenthesis in the Entry bar
Type a dollar sign ($) before the letter J, and another dollar sign ($) before the
number 10 (so the formula will now be =IF($J$10=0,"Div/0error",J14/J10))
Look at the formula again. Do you see the second reference to cell J10 at the other end of
the formula (J14/J10)? You're going to need $ signs there, too.
Go ahead and fill them in (J14/$J$10) just as you did at the beginning of the
formula
The $ signs tell Excel to treat the reference to column J and row 10 as Absolute when
copying the formula to other cells. The reference to J14, on the other hand, will be Relative
and will therefore change relative to whichever cell it is copied to, so there's no need for dollar
signs here. Remember:
A dollar sign ($) before each part of a spreadsheet cell address tells Excel to treat

the reference to the cell as an absolute (unchanging) reference.
Phew! That's the tough part over with.
Click on Accept ( ) to accept the formula, then press ctrl-S to save the change
Now that you have edited the formula, you want to copy it to the other cells in the PCNT
column.
Cell L14 should still be selected, so use the mouse to drag down from cell
L14 to cell L23, then from the Edit menu select Fill/Down
Voil?! All the appropriate cells have been set to calculate the percentage for every student
once you have entered a set of scores for each student. Right now, remember, you have the
"Div/0 error" message in each cell because you are telling Excel to divide by zero. As you
know, this problem will be overcome when you enter an actual set of maximum scores into
row 10.
Press ctrl-S again to save your work so far
Notice that you are doing all the hard work up front. Once you have built the template,
using it as a gradesheet will be easy--as you will see in a moment. You have a few more tasks
to complete before the Gradesheet is ready, however.
Setting the Cell Attribute for the PCNT column
When you divide one number by another the result is usually a fraction. Thus the eventual
percentage for each student won't look like percentages at all. Instead of, say, 85%, the
computer will display 0.85. It would be best to display the percentages as whole numbers (no
fractions) with a % sign after them. So you must add this feature to the Gradesheet template.
Follow these steps to format (select attributes for) the values in the PCNT column so they
will eventually display as recognizable percentages.
If necessary, drag the mouse from cell L14 to cell L23 and, in the Format

menu, select Cells...
In the Format cells dialog box, from the Category menu select Percentage
Then click on OK because the number of places after the decimal point (called
Precision) is set at the default of two (2)
That's it. Later, when you add students and their scores to your roster you will see all the
percentages displayed with the % sign. You are now ready to save your template for the last
time (ctrl-S).
Checking out the formulas
It will be useful for you to know how to verify that the formulas are in place in the spreadsheet.
Follow these steps to do this.
From the Tools menu select Options..., then in the Options dialog box (Fig.
3.11) put a check mark in the box next to Formulas, and click OK

Showing or not showing formulas in the Options dialog box

This will display all the formulas in your spreadsheet. Excel widens the columns so you
can see the whole of each formula.
Scroll over if necessary to check out the formulas displayed in columns J and L
After you have verified that the formulas are stored correctly relative to each of the
appropriate cells, you should return the display to show the values in the cells.
From the Tools menu select Options again, click in the box next to Formulas to
deselect it, then click on OK
Notice that the formulas are hidden once again and the columns are restored to their
original width. The last summary column in the spreadsheet (column N) is for the final letter
grade. For the purposes of this tutorial, you will enter the grade yourself based on the totals,
averages, and other factors that you consider significant in assessing the quality of your
students' work. Thus, no formula will be supplied for this column at this time. Later, in Lesson
4, you will learn how to create a Lookup table so that Excel can assess each student's grade and
enter it into the spreadsheet. This will simplify your work still more.

1. SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM



2. DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM



3.ONE WAY SLAB



3. Two way slab





4. DESIGN OF HORIZONTAL CURVE BY OFFSET METHOD
7.DESIGN OF SUPER-ELEVATION


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ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Acharya Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Road, Bangalore-560 107

(Affiliated to VTU, Jnana Sangama, Belagavi)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SOFTWARE APPLICATION LAB

B.E - VI Semester, Civil Engineering

[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]

Subject Code - 18CVL66

Lab Manual – 2022-23

(Affiliated to VTU, Jnana Sangama, Belagavi)

Department of Civil Engineering

SOFTWARE APPLICATION LAB

B.E - VI Semester, Civil Engineering

Subject Code – 18CVL66

Prepared and Reviewed By:

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,AIT, Acharya,

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2. Provide Industry institute interaction to train students in latest technologies.

3. Instill professional values to be leaders driving innovation in Civil engineering.

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

Course Outcomes for Software Application Lab:

CO1: Develop plan and schedule building project using MSP.

CO-PO-PSO Mapping Table PSOs

Note:PSO mapping is done wrt. to the individual lab

Parameter POOR MODERATE EXCELLENT POs Max.

ETABS is the abbreviation of “Extended3D Analysis of building System". ETABS is a product

1. Select the Base Units and Design Codes.

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 8

13. Analyze the Model

1.1 ANALYSIS OF TRUSS

Step 1: Modelling using ETABS

Provide the grid information and click on the grid only.

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 9

Step 2: Import the Steel section

Step 3: Draw the member

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 10

Step 4: Assign the Support Condition

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 11

Step 5: Assign the Loads

After Assigning the Live load to the Truss member

Step 6: Release the Moment

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 12

Step 7: Analyse the Model

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 13

1.2 ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS WITH THREE SPANS

Step – 04 :- Assign the load and support condition to the beam.

Assigning the Support

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 14

Repeat the above procedure and assign the loads

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 15

Plan and 3D view of after assigning all the loads

Step – 05 :- Save the model and Analyze the beam.

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 16

1.3 ANALYSIS OF 3D FRAMES FOR FOUR BAYS WITH THREE

Plan and 3D View of grid

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 17

Provide all the details of beam and click on OK

Repeat the same procedure and define the Column also.

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 18

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 19

Department of Civil Engineering, AIT, Bengaluru. Page 20