Kingdom of Saudi ‫اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ‬

Arabia ‫وزارة اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬

Applied College – Qassim University

Ministry of education ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺻﯾم‬
Qassim University ‫اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬
Applied College

Chapter 3: Windows Installation and

Configuration

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Modern Operating System

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Operating System Terms

The operating system (OS) manages the interaction

between user applications and the hardware
connected to the computer.

Modern OS boots the computer, manages the file

system, and supports more than one user, task, or
CPU.

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Operating System Terms

The following terms are used when describing OSs:

• Multi-user: This feature allows two or more users to log in

and work with programs and peripheral devices at the
same time.

• Multi-tasking: This feature allows multiple applications to

run at the same time.

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Operating System Terms

The following terms are used when describing OSs:

• Multi-processing: This feature allows operating system to

support two or more CPUs.

• Multi-threading: The process of broking a program into

smaller parts (threads) that are loaded as needed by the
operating system.

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Basic Functions of an Operating System

1 Hardware Access:

To access and communicate with each hardware component,

the operating system uses a program called a device driver.

• The OS automatically detects the plug- and-play (PnP)

hardware and installs the driver for that component.

• The OS then updates the registry, which is a database that

contains all the information about applications, users,
hardware, network settings, and file types.

• If the OS cannot locate a device driver, a technician must

install the driver manually.
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Basic Functions of an Operating System

2 File and folder management:

The operating system creates a file structure on the

hard disk drive to allow data to be stored.

• A file is a block of related data that is given a

single name and treated as a single unit.

• Files are grouped together in a directory.

• Directories are called folders in Windows

operating systems.

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Basic Functions of an Operating System

3- User interface:

The operating system enables the user to interact

with the software and hardware.

OSs include two types of user interfaces:

§ Command Line Interface (CLI) – The user

types commands at a prompt.

§ Graphical User Interface (GUI) – The user

interacts with menus and icons.

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Basic Functions of an Operating System

4 Application Management:

The operating system locates an application and loads

it into the RAM of the computer.

• Applications are software programs, such as word

processors, databases, spreadsheets, and games.

The OS allocates available system resources to

running applications.

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Windows Operating Systems

Windows 7
This is an upgrade from Windows XP or Vista.
It is designed to run on personal computers.
This version provided an improved graphical user interface and better performance from the
previous versions.

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Windows Operating Systems

Windows 8
This introduced the Metro user interface that unifies the Windows look and feel on desktops,
laptops, mobiles phones, and tablets.

Users can interact with the OS using a touchscreen, or keyboard and mouse.

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Windows Operating Systems

Windows 10

This is an update from the previous version of Windows.

It is designed for personal computers, tablets, embedded devices, and Internet of Things (IoT)
devices.

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Compatible System Software and Hardware Requirements

Understanding how a computer will be used is important

when recommending an OS to a customer.

The OS must be compatible with the existing hardware and

the required applications.

To make an OS recommendation, a technician must review

budget constraints, learn how the computer will be used,
and determine which types of applications will be installed.

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Hardware Requirements and Compatibility with OS

Operating systems have minimum hardware requirements that must be met for the OS to install
and function correctly.

Windows recommended minimum hardware requirements:

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Hardware Requirements and Compatibility with OS

The processor architecture of the CPU affects the performance of the computer.

The terms 32-bit and 64-bit refer to the amount of data a computer’s CPU can manage.

• 32-bit Windows Operating System with x86 Processor Architecture

• 64-bit Windows Operating System with x64 Processor Architecture

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Operating System Upgrade

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OS Compatibility and Upgrade

An OS must be upgraded periodically to remain compatible with the latest

hardware and software.
It is also necessary to upgrade an OS when a manufacturer stops supporting it.
Important Tools:
• Get Windows 10 app is used to test whether the hardware and software on the existing
system are compatible with the upgrade.

• Windows Upgrade Assistant is a tool used to help download and install Windows 10
directly onto a computer.

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OS Compatibility and Upgrade

The version of an OS determines available upgrade options. For example,

• a 32-bit OS cannot be upgraded to a 64-bit OS.
• Windows 7 and 8 can be directly upgraded to Windows 10 but Windows Vista and XP cannot.

To upgrade Windows 7 or 8 to Windows 10, use the Windows 10 Update Assistant available on
the Download Windows 10 website.

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Data Migration

When a new OS installation is needed, user data must be migrated from the old OS to the new one.
• User State Migration Tool (USMT) is a command line utility program developed by Microsoft
that allows users to transfer files and settings to a new edition of Windows OS during an
upgrade to Windows 10.

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Data Migration

• Windows Easy Transfer is used to help migrate personal files and settings when switching
from an old computer to a new one with Windows Vista, 7, or 8. It is not supported in
Windows 10 and is replaced with PCmover Express.

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Data Migration

• PCmover Express is a tool for transferring selected files, folders, profiles and applications
from an old Windows PC to a new Windows 10 PC.

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Disk Management

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Storage Device Types

The installation and initial booting of the OS is called the operating system setup.
• It is possible to install an OS from a server over a network or from a local hard drive.
• The most common installation method is from external media such as DVDs or USB drives.

Several types of storage devices can be used to receive the new operating system.
• The two most common types of data storage devices used today are hard disk drives and
flash memory-based drives such as solid-state hard drives and USB drives.

Hard disk drive Flash drive Solid state drive

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Hard Drive Preparing

When the storage device type has been chosen, it must be prepared to receive the new operating
system.
• Modern operating systems ship with an installer program.
• Installers usually prepare the disk to receive the operating system.

Two main processes for preparing a new hard drive for use:
1. Partitioning
2. Formatting

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Hard Drive Partitioning

A hard drive is divided into areas called partitions.

Partition is a logical drive that can be formatted to store data.

• Partitions consist of tracks, sectors, and clusters.

• Tracks are concentric rings on the disk surface, which are divided into sectors.
• Multiple sectors are combined logically to form clusters.

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Partitions and Logical Drives

Formatting:

This process creates a file system in a partition or volume for file storage.

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File Systems

The formatting process prepares the disk to accept the new file system.

The file system provides the directory structure that organizes the user’s operating system,
application, configuration, and data files.

File systems differ in properties of speed, flexibility, security, size and more.

Here are common file systems:

• FAT, NTFS, and CDFS are used to access files stored on drives installed in the computer.

• NFS is used to access files on other computers across a network.

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File Systems

FAT32 (File Allocation Table, 32 bit):

• Supports partition sizes up to 2 TB.
• It is used by Windows XP and earlier
OS versions.

NTFS (New Technology File System):

• Supports partition sizes up to 16
exabytes, in theory.
• NTFS incorporates file system security
features and extended attributes.
• Default file system for Windows 7,
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File Systems

exFAT (FAT 64):

• Created to address some of the limitations of FAT32 and
NTFS when formatting USB flash drives, such as file size
and directory size.
• One of the primary advantages of exFAT is that it can
support files larger than 4GB.

CDFS (Compact Disc File System):

• Created specifically for optical disk media.

NFS (Network File System):

• NFS is a network-based file system, which allows file access over the network.

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Windows Configuration

Windows Desktop and File Explorer

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Windows 10
Windows 10 is the most recent version of Windows at the time of this writing.
There are nine editions of Windows 10 that are currently offered.
Windows 10 combines menu entries and tiles in the Start menu.
Windows 10 includes support for tablets, phones, and Internet of Things (IoT).
Windows 10 also introduces the Microsoft Edge web browser.
Windows 10 offers enhanced security features, faster logons, and encryption of system files.

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The Windows Desktop
After the OS has been installed, you can customize the computer desktop to suit individual needs.
A graphical representation of the workspace, often called GUI.
The desktop has icons, toolbars, and menus to manipulate files.

Desktop Properties:
• The Windows desktop is highly customizable.
• Possible customizations include: re-arrange titles,
change colors and sounds, modify screen
resolution.

To customize the desktop, right-click anywhere on

the desktop and choose Personalize to:
• Change desktop icons, mouse pointers, and your
account picture.
• Modify a theme’s background, color, sound, and
screensaver.
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The Windows Start Menu

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Task Manager
Windows 10 Task Manager (ctrl+alt+delete) has seven tabs:
• Processes: to view the processes currently running on the PC and end a process if needed.
• Performance: to check CPU, memory, disk, and network usage of the PC by graphs.
• App history: to display information by date, such as CPU time and network data usage.
• Start-up: to show what processes that are automatically started during Windows startup.
• Users: to show the users who are currently connected to the PC and the system resources.
• Details: It is possible to specify the CPU priority and which CPU a process will use to run.
• Services: to view the services currently running on the PC and their status.

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File Explorer
File Explorer is a file management application Windows 10.
• It is used to navigate the file system and manage the folders, subfolders, and applications on
storage media.
• In File Explorer, common tasks, such as copying and moving files and creating new folders,
can be done using the Ribbon.

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File Explorer Feature: This PC
This PC feature provides access the various storage devices available on the computer.

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File Explorer Feature: Libraries
Folders created for every user by default.
This feature provides storage locations for common files and media.

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File Explorer Feature: System Folder
It contains most of the files necessary for the operation of the Windows.
• When the Windows OS is installed, most of the files that are used to run the computer are
located in the folder C:\Windows\system32.

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File Explorer Feature: Program Files
This folder is used by most application installation programs to install software.
• In 32-bit systems, all programs are 32-bit and are installed in the folder C:\Program Files.
• In 64-bit systems, 64-bit programs are installed in the folder C:\Program Files.

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File Explorer Feature: Program Files (x86)
This folder is used by application installation programs to install software.
• In 64-bit systems, all 32-bit programs are installed in the folder C:\Program Files (x86).

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File Explorer Feature: Temporary Files
This folder contains files created by the OS and programs that are needed for a short period of
time and are usually automatically deleted when the application or the OS is finished using them.

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File Explorer Feature: File Extensions
By default, file extensions are hidden.
In the File Explorer ribbon, click the View tab. Then click to check File name extensions.
Windows filename extension examples: .docx – .txt – .jpg – .pptx – .zip

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File Explorer Feature: File Attributes
The most common file attributes:
• R – The file is read-only.
• A – The file will be archived the next time that the disk is backed up.
• S – The file is a system file, and a warning is given if an attempt is made to delete or modify.
• H – The file is hidden in the directory display.

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Control Panel Utilities

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Windows 10: Settings and Control Panels
Windows 10 offers two ways to configure the operating system.

The Settings App The Control Panel

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Introduction to Control Panel
• Windows 10 usually defaults to
the Settings app for configuration
changes.
• However, a PC technician
frequently needs more
configuration options than what is
available in the Settings App.
• The Control Panel offers many
configuration tools and its
interface is preferred by Windows
administrators.
• To start Control Panel, type
Control Panel into the Search box
and click the Control Panel
Desktop app that appears in the
results.
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Control Panel Views
The Windows 10 Control Panel opens to the Category view by default.
The Small icons view of Control Panel is reached by changing the setting in the View.
Both views also provide a search box that will return a list of Control Panel items.

The Category View The Small Icon View

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Define Control Panel Categories
• System & Security – provides access to administrative tools for configuring security and a
wide range of system functions. View and configure security settings such as Windows
Defender Firewall.
• Network & Internet – provides access to allow
configuration of networking, file sharing, and the
default Microsoft browser. Configure, verify, and
troubleshoot networking and file sharing.
• Hardware & Sound – provides access to
configuration of devices such as printers, media
devices, and power. Configure devices such as
printers, media devices, power, and mobility.
• Programs – provides access to allow activation
or deactivation of a wide range of Windows
features. Change installed programs and
Windows updates, including removal.

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Define Control Panel Categories
• User Accounts – to enable administration of Windows user accounts and management of
Web and Windows Credentials including the file encryption certificates and user account
control (UAC).
• Appearance and Personalization – to
configure taskbar and navigation, file explorer,
and available fonts.
• Clock and Region – to configure time and date
settings and formats.
• Ease of Access – to configure speech
recognition and text to speech services. Access
options that make Windows easier to use,
especially for people who require
accommodations for physical or perceptual
challenges.

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System Control Panel Item
The System Control Panel item allows all users to view basic system information, access tools,
and configure advanced system settings.
• The System Control Panel item is found under the System and Security category.
• The various settings can be accessed by clicking the links on the left panel.

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System Properties
• Computer Name: View or modify the name
and workgroup settings for a computer, as well
as change the domain or workgroup.
• Hardware: Access the Device Manager or
adjust the device installation settings.
• Advanced: Configure settings for performance,
user profiles, startup, and recovery.
• System Protection: Access System Restore,
which will return a computer to an earlier
configuration, and configure settings enable
system restore points, and the amount of disk
space that is used for them.
• Remote: Adjust settings for Remote Assistance
and Remote Desktop. This will allow other
people to connect to a computer to view or work
on it.
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Device Manager
Device Manager displays a list of all the
devices installed in the computer,
allowing you to diagnose and resolve
device problems.
The Device Manager utility uses icons to
indicate the types of problems that may
exist with a device.
You can perform the following functions:
• Update a driver – Change the
currently installed driver.
• Roll back a driver – Change the
currently installed driver to the
previously installed driver.
• Uninstall a driver – Remove a driver.
• Disable a device – Disable a device.

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Program and Features Control Panel Items

Use the Program and Features Control Panel items to:

• uninstall a program from your
computer.

• repair the installation of some

programs that may have
problems.

• troubleshoot problems with

programs that were made for
older versions of Windows.

• manually install software from

the network.

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