Chapter 2. Questions and Solutions 33 Q20. A screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a wire. Its main scale reading is 0 mm and circular scale reading is 52 divisions. Given that 1 mm on main scale corresponds to 100 divisions of the circular scale. The diameter of wire from the above data is dwe (A) 0.52cm = (B) 0.052 cm (C) 0.026cm (D) 0.005 cm Sol. The least count is LC = p/N = 1/100 = 0.01 mm. The diameter is given by D=MSR+ CSR x LC =0mm+ 52 x 0.01 mm = 0.52 mm = 0.052 cm. Ans. B E Q21. MKS units of Young’s modulus, magnetic induc- tion, and power of a lens are, respectively dxc (A) N/m?, Henry,m~! (B) Pa, Tesla, m (C) N/m?, Weber, m7! (D) N/m?, Tesla, m7! Sol. The MKS units of Young’s modulus is N/m?, mag- netic induction is Tesla, and power of a lens is m~!. Ans. DE Q 22. Which of the following units denotes the dimen- sions [ML? / Q?), where Q denotes the electric charge? owc (A) Wb/m? (B) henry (H) (C) H/m? (D) weber (Wb)Chapter 2. Questions and Solutions 34 Sol. Given dimensions are of inductance which has a unit henry. See question (31) on page (37). Ans. B E Q 23. A metal sample carrying a current along z-axis with density J; is subjected to a magnetic filed B, (along z-axis). The electric field E, developed along y-axis is directly proportional to J; as well as B,. The constant of proportionality has SI unit 2 3 2 (A) @ (B) BC) BD) Ag Sol. From given information, EF, = kJ,B, where k is constant of proportionality. The dimensional analysis gives _ ly) /B_ bk. ype KI-TyBl vel la) BB 9) ir 1 = TaD] = (ATTN Thus, SI unit of k is Le Ans. B E Q24. The dimensions of angular momentum, latent heat and capacitance are respectively (A) [ML?TA2], [L?T-2], [M~1L-? 12] (B) [ML?T-2], [L272], [M~1L-?T4A2] (C) [ML?T-4), [L2T-), [ML?TA2] (D) [ML?7-1), {L?T-2], [M~1L-274a?] kwe mweChapter 2. Questions and Solutions 35 Sol. The angular momentum is defined as H =mrx v, latent heat is the heat energy per unit mass (Q/m), and electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor is U = Q?/(2C). Ans. DE Q 25. Which of the following sets have different dimen- sions, (A) Pressure, Young’s modulus, Stress (B) EMF, Potential difference, Electric potential (C) Heat, Work done, Energy (D) Dipole moment, Electric flux, Electric field Sol. Dipole moment of two equal and opposite charges separated by distance a is ga. The flux of field F passing through area S is E-S. Ans. DE Q 26. Out of the following pairs, which does not have identical dimensions? (A) Angular momentum and Planck’s constant (B) Impulse and momentum (C) Moment of inertia and moment of force (D) Work and torque Sol. The dimensions of moment of inertia are [ML? but that of moment of force are [ML?T~?]. Ans. C gub pweChapter 2. Questions and Solutions 36 Q27. The physical quantities not having same dimen- sions are (A) torque and work (B) momentum and Planck’s constant (C) stress and Young’s modulus (D) speed and (jugéo)~ 1/2 Sol. The dimensions of momentum are [MLT~?] but that of Planck’s constant are [ML?T~}]. Ans. BO Q 28. The ratio of the dimensions of Planck’s constant and that of the moment of inertia is dimensions of (A) frequency (B) velocity (C) angular momentum (D) time Sol. The dimensions of Planck’s constant are same as that of angular momentum H. The relation H = Iw gives ratio of dimensions of Planck’s constant [H] and moment of inertia [I] as [H]/[I] = [w] i-e., dimensions of frequency. Ans. AE Q29. The dimensions of universal gravitational con- stant are (A) (M—1L°T-2] (B) (ML?7-1] (C) [M-L°T-3] (D) [M-°L?7-4 Sol. Use F = Gmym2/r? to get [G] = [M~1L°T~?]. Ans. AE swc wwe xXWwcChapter 2. Questions and Solutions 37 Q30. Match the physical quantities given in List I to their dimensions in List II. Column I Column II (P) Boltzmann constant . [ML?T-?] (Q) Coefficient of viscosity (2) [ML~!T~1] ; | Planck constant [MLT-2k— ‘ S) Thermal conductivity [ML?T-?K-1] (A) P4, Q41, R62, $43 ave (B) P34, Q-42, R43, S41 (C) Pr32, Qo4, R41, S33 (D) P34, Q42, R1, S43 Sol. A particle at temperature T has the thermal en- ergy E = kT (k is Boltzmann constant). A photon of light with frequency v has the energy E = hy (h is Planck constant). The viscous force exerted by a layer of area A on the fluid having a velocity gradient du is given by F = —n Ase S (n is the coefficient of viscosity). The rate of heat flow through a slab of area A is related to the temperature gradient, ar , by a2 — — KAS (kK is the thermal conductivity). Ans. D E Q31. Match the physical quantities given in Column I with dimensions expresses in terms of mass (M), length (L), time (T), and charge (Q) given in Column II.Chapter 2. Questions and Solutions 38 Column I Column II (A) Angular momentum (p) [ML?T-?] (B) Latent heat (q) [ML?Q-?] (C) Torque (r) [ML?T-}] (D) Capacitance (s) [ML3T-1Q-?] (E) Inductance (t) [M~!L-?T?Q?] (F) Resistivity (u) [L?T-?] (A) Abr Beu,CHp DHt,EHs,FuHg (B) AH rBeu,CHp,DHt, Eng Furs (C) AH rBep,CHu,DHt, EN g Furs (D) Abr, Beu,CHp,DHegEHt,Fus Sol. The dimensions of the angular momentum (£ = m* x @) are [ML?T-}] and the torque (7 = * x F) are [ML?T~?]. The latent heat (ZL = Q/m) has dimen- sions [L?T-?] . The capacitance (C = Q?/(2U)) has di- mensions [M~'L~?T?Q?] and inductance (L = 2U/I?) has dimensions [ML?Q~-?]. The dimensions of resistiv- ity (p = RA/l) are [ML3T-!Q-?}. Ans. B E Q32. The dimensions of deoE” (where €9 is permittiv- ity of free space and FE is electric field) is (A) [MLT~*] (B) [ML?T~7] (C) [ML“'T-2] (D) [ML?T-1) Sol. The energy density (energy per unit volume) in a region, with electric field EF, is given by de0E?. tvc bubChapter 2. Questions and Solutions 39 Thus, the dimensions of deoH? are same as the dimen- sions of the energy density which are [ML?T~?]/[L3] = [ML~!T-?]. The energy density (energy per unit vol- ume) in a region, with magnetic field B, is given by B 20" Ans. C Q33. A quantity X is given by eoL SY, where €o is the permittivity of free space, L is a length, AV is a potential difference and At is a time interval. The di- mensional formula for X is the same as that of cub (A) resistance (B) charge (C) voltage (D) current Sol. The formula for potential, V = —%_, gives the Treor? dimensions of [eoL¥] ES [2], which are same as the dimensions of current. Ans. DE Q34. The dimensions of magnetic flux is uve (A) [ML?T“1Q}—(B) [ML~!T-3] (C) [ML?T-7Q74] (D) [ML?T~1Q™] Sol. By Faraday’s law, induced emf e = —d¢/dt. The potential energy of a charge q at potential e is U = ge = —qd¢/dt. Thus, the dimensions of the mag- netic flux ¢ are same as the dimensions of Ut/q i.e., [ML?T~?][T]/[Q] = ML?T~1Q7?. Ans. D EChapter 2. Questions and Solutions 40 Q35. In the formula X = 3Y Z?, X and Z have dimen- sions of capacitance and magnetic induction, respec- tively. The dimensions of Y in MKSQ system is (A) IML“ T8Q4] (B) [ML T4Q4] (C) [M-?L-?T4Q4] (D) [M-*L-? TAQ] Sol. The dimensions of capacitance are C = 2 = & = ny and of magnetic induction are B = MLT~? —19- ; 5 = ero = [MT-!Q7}]. Thus, the dimen- sions of Y are [Y] = }B) = Bh = Serszga = [M-3L-?T4Q4]. Ans. BE Q 36. In terms of resistance R and time T,, the dimen- sions of ratio 4/e of the permeability 4 and permittivity € is (A) [RT~?] (B) [R°T™] (C) [R®] (D) [R?T?] Sol. See solution of question (94) on page (94). Ans. C Q 37. In the following J refers to current and other symbols have their usual meaning. Choose the option that corresponds to the dimensions of electrical conduc- tivity (A) ML~8T-8I2 (B) M7! L-$T91 (C) M“1L-8T8P?—(D) M-1L-3T3] Sol. The current density J is proportional to the elec- tric field E with proportionality constant ci.e., J = oF. aub que omcChapter 2. Questions and Solutions Al Thus, [o] [#] [al (5) (arte [M-!L-°TP], where P = VI is power. Ans. CO Q 38. If [E] and [B] stand for dimensions of electric and magnetic fields (both in SI units) then the relation between [E] and [B] is (A) {E] = [BLT] (B) [E] = [BIL “* [7] (C) [E] = [BIIL[T}-* —@) [E) = BIL)“ [T)"* Sol. In electromagnetic waves, the amplitude of electric field is related to the amplitude of magnetic field by E = cB, where c is speed of light. The dimension of c is [L][T]-?. Thus, [E] = [B][L][T]~* Ans. C E Q 339. If [eo] and [yo] stand for dimensions of the per- mittivity and permeability of free space then the rela- ie between [eo] and [Ho] is ) [Ho] = {eo} {L?[T}-? (3) [to] = (eo) L]*[ 5)? (C) [po] = [eo] “* (LP (T° (D) [Ho] = [eo] *[L]-*[T? Sol. The speed of an electromagnetic waves in free space is given by c= 1/./po0€0, which gives fo = €9 16-2. Hence, dimensions are related by [10] = leo} *[L]-? [I]? Ans. D E bve cvceChapter 2. Questions and Solutions 42 Q40. A man grows into a giant such that his linear dimensions increase by a factor of 9. Assuming that his density remains same, the stress in the leg will change by a factor of (A) 9 (B) 1/9 (C) 81 (D) 1/81 Sol. It is an interesting problem. Let the man is stand- ing on the earth surface. The forces acting on his leg are (1) upward reaction from the ground and (2) downward reaction from the upper part of the body. If we assume legs to be massless, these reaction forces are equal to the weight (mg) of the man. Thus, legs are under a compressive stress due to forces (F = mg) compressing it from both the ends. If we take A as cross-sectional area of the leg (assuming cylindrical) then stress on the leg is given by _F _ mg _ pv CAA A? where p and V are density and volume of the man. If we take L as a linear dimension (i.e., length) then V « L?, A «x L? and o x L (note that p and g are constants). Thus, when linear dimensions L grows by 9, the volume V grows by 9°, the area A grows by 9? and the stress a grows by 9. With this analysis, can you explain why adults are more stressed than children? Also, why legs of an as- tronauts are less stressed on the moon as compared to that on the earth? Ans. A hdcChapter 2. Questions and Solutions 43 Q41. In a particular system, the unit of length, mass and time are chosen to be 10 cm, 10 g and 0.1 s respec- tively. The unit of force in this system will be equivalent to (A) 0.1N (B) 1N (C) 10N (D) 100N Sol. The force in new system of units is given by F = [MLT~?] = (10 g) (10 cm) (0.1 s)~? = (10 x 1073 kg) (10 x 10~? m) (107 s)~? = 107? x 107! x 10? kg m/s? =0.1N. Ans. AE Q 42. The velocity of a particle at time t is given by v = at+ aot where a, b and c constants. The dimensions of a, b, and c are respectively (A) (LT™*), (L), [1] (B) (L*], [1], (LT?) (C) [LT*], [LT], [L} (D) [L}, [LT], [17] Sol. The physical quantities can be added (or sub- tracted) only if they have same dimensions. Thus, c and t should have dimensions [T]. The dimensions of at and b/(t+) should be same as dimensions of v, which gives [a] = [LT~?] and [6] = [L]. Ans. AE ywe VweChapter 2. Questions and Solutions 44 Q43. The time dependence of physical quantity p is given by p = po exp(—at?), where a is a constant and t is the time. The constant a is (A) dimensionless (B) has dimensions [T (C) has dimensions [T?] (D) has dimensions of p 2] Sol. The argument of exponential function (i.e., —at?) should be dimensionless. Thus, [a] = [T]~?. Ans. BE Q 44. A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a periodic motion (here a is amplitude, v is speed and T is time period). Which formula is likely to be correct? (A) y = avsin or (B) y=asinvt (C) y= 4sin (D) y = V2a (sin 28 + cos 28#) Sol. The dimensions on both sides of the equation should be same and the argument of trigonometric func- tions should be dimensionless. Ans. DE Q45. The equation of state of a real gas is given by (p+ #2) (V —b) = RT, where p, V and T are pressure, volume and temperature respectively and R is the uni- versal gas constant. The dimensions of the constant a and 6 in this equation are (A) [ML~°T~}, [L*] (B) [ML~°T?], [L*] ) [ML®T?], [ML-!T-?2] (D) [ML®T~?], [L¥] jwe