Solutions of Shigleys Med 11Th Ed English Content 11Th Edition Richard G Budynas All Chapter

Solutions of Shigley's MED 11th Ed.
(English content) 11th Edition Richard

G. Budynas
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Chapter 1
Problems 1-1 through 1-6 are for student research. No standard solutions are provided.
1-7 From Fig. 1-2, cost of grinding to  0.0005 in is 270%. Cost of turning to  0.003 in is
60%.
Relative cost of grinding vs. turning = 270/60 = 4.5 times Ans.
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1-8 CA = CB ,
10 + 0.8 P = 60 + 0.8 P  0.005 P 2
P 2 = 50/0.005  P = 100 parts Ans.

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1-9 Max. load = 1.10 P

Min. area = (0.95)2A
Min. strength = 0.85 S
To offset the absolute uncertainties, the design factor, from Eq. (1-1) should be
1.10
nd  2
1.43 Ans.
0.85  0.95 
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1-10 (a) X1 + X2:

x1  x2  X 1  e1  X 2  e2
error e  x1  x2    X 1  X 2 
e1  e2 Ans.
(b) X1  X2:
x1  x2  X 1  e1   X 2  e2 
e  x1  x2    X 1  X 2  e1  e2 Ans.
(c) X1 X2:
x1 x2  X 1  e1   X 2  e2 
e  x1 x2  X 1 X 2  X 1e2  X 2 e1  e1e2
 e e 
 X 1e2  X 2e1  X 1 X 2  1  2  Ans.
 X1 X 2 
Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 1/12

(d) X1/X2:
x1 X 1  e1 X 1  1  e1 X 1 
   
x2 X 2  e2 X 2  1  e2 X 2 
1
 e2  e2  1  e1 X 1   e1   e2  e1 e2
1  1  then    1   1  1  
 X2  X2  1  e2 X 2   X1   X2  X1 X 2
x1 X 1 X 1  e1 e2 
Thus,  e    Ans.
x2 X 2 X 2  X 1 X 2 
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1-11 (a) x1 = 7 = 2.645 751 311 1

X1 = 2.64 (3 correct digits)
x2 = 8 = 2.828 427 124 7
X2 = 2.82 (3 correct digits)
x1 + x2 = 5.474 178 435 8
e1 = x1  X1 = 0.005 751 311 1
e2 = x2  X2 = 0.008 427 124 7
e = e1 + e2 = 0.014 178 435 8
Sum = x1 + x2 = X1 + X2 + e
= 2.64 + 2.82 + 0.014 178 435 8 = 5.474 178 435 8 Checks
(b) X1 = 2.65, X2 = 2.83 (3 digit significant numbers)
e1 = x1  X1 =  0.004 248 688 9
e2 = x2  X2 =  0.001 572 875 3
e = e1 + e2 =  0.005 821 564 2
Sum = x1 + x2 = X1 + X2 + e
= 2.65 +2.83  0.001 572 875 3 = 5.474 178 435 8 Checks
______________________________________________________________________________
32  1000  25  10 
3
S
    d 1.006 in Ans.
1-12 nd d3 2.5
1 14
Table A-17: d = in Ans.
S 25  103 
n  4.79 Ans.
 32  1000 
3
  1.25
Factor of safety:
______________________________________________________________________________

1-13 (a)
x f fx f x2
60 2 120 7200
70 1 70 4900
80 3 240 19200
90 5 450 40500
100 8 800 80000
110 12 1320 145200
120 6 720 86400
130 10 1300 169000
140 8 1120 156800
150 5 750 112500
160 2 320 51200
170 3 510 86700
180 2 360 64800
190 1 190 36100
200 0 0 0
210 1 210 44100
 69 8480 1 104 600
k
1 8480
x  fx i i  122.9 kcycles
Eq. (1-6) N i 1 69
Eq. (1-7)
k
2
fx  N x2 1/ 2
i i
 1 104 600  69(122.9) 2 
sx  i 1
   30.3 kcycles Ans.
N  1  69  1 
x  x x  x 115  122.9
z115   115    0.2607
(b) Eq. (1-5) ˆ x sx 30.3
Interpolating from Table (A-10)
0.2600 0.3974
0.2607 x  x = 0.3971
0.2700 0.3936
N(0.2607) = 69 (0.3971) = 27.4  27 Ans.

From the data, the number of instances less than 115 kcycles is
2 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 12 = 31 (the data is not perfectly normal)
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1-14
x f fx f x2
174 6 1044 181656
182 9 1638 298116
190 44 8360 1588400
198 67 13266 2626668
206 53 10918 2249108
214 12 2568 549552
222 6 1332 295704
 197 39126 7789204
k
1 39 126
x  fx i i  198.61 kpsi
Eq. (1-6) N i 1 197
k
2
fx i i  N x2 12
 7 789 204  197(198.61) 2 
i 1
sx    9.68 kpsi Ans.
N1  197  1 
Eq. (1-7)
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L 122.9 kcycles and sL  30.3 kcycles

1-15
x   x x10  L x10  122.9

z10   
Eq. (1-5) ˆ sL 30.3
Thus, x10 = 122.9 + 30.3 z10 = L10
From Table A-10, for 10 percent failure, z10 = 1.282. Thus,
L10 = 122.9 + 30.3(1.282) = 84.1 kcycles Ans.

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1-16
x f fx fx2
93 19 1767 164331
95 25 2375 225625
97 38 3686 357542
99 17 1683 166617
101 12 1212 122412
103 10 1030 106090
105 5 525 55125
107 4 428 45796
109 4 436 47524
111 2 222 24642
 136 13364 1315704
k
1
x  fx i i 13 364 / 136  98.26471 = 98.26 kpsi
N i 1
Eq. (1-6)
k
2
fx i i  N x2 12
i 1
 1 315 704  136(98.26471) 2 
sx    4.30 kpsi
N1  136  1 
Eq. (1-7)
Note, for accuracy in the calculation given above, x needs to be of more significant
figures than the rounded value.
For a normal distribution, from Eq. (1-5), and a yield strength exceeded by 99 percent
(R = 0.99, pf = 0.01),
x  x x  x x  98.26
z0.01   0.01  0.01
ˆ x sx 4.30
Solving for the yield strength gives
x0.01 = 98.26 + 4.30 z0.01
From Table A-10, z0.01 =  2.326. Thus
x0.01 = 98.26 + 4.30( 2.326) = 88.3 kpsi Ans.

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n
 Ri
1-17 Eq. (1-9): R = i 1 = 0.98(0.96)0.94 = 0.88
Overall reliability = 88 percent Ans.

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1-18 Obtain the coefficients of variance for strength and stress
ˆ S 23.5
CS  sy   0.07532
S sy 312
ˆ ˆ 145
C   T   0.09667
 T 1 500
For R = 0.99, from Table A-10, z =  2.326.
Eq. (1-12):
1  1   1  z 2CS2   1  z 2C2 
n 
1  z 2CS2
2 2 2 2
1  1   1    2.326   0.07532    1    2.326   0.09667  
  
 2 2  1.3229 1.32 Ans.
1    2.326   0.07532 
From the given equation for stress,
S sy 16T
 max  
n d3
Solving for d gives
1/ 3 1/ 3
 16 T n   16(1500)1.3229 
d     0.0319 m  31.9 mm Ans.
  S    (312)10
6

 sy 
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1-19 Obtain the coefficients of variance for stress and strength

ˆ ˆ 5
C    P   0.09231
 P 65
ˆ S ˆ S y 6.59
CS     0.06901
S Sy 95.5
(a) n  1.2
nd  1 1.2  1
z     1.6127
nd2CS2  C2 1.22  0.069012   0.092312
Eq. (1-11):

Interpolating Table A-10,
1.61 0.0537
1.6127    = 0.0534
1.62 0.0526
R = 1  0.0534 = 0.9466 Ans.
Sy Sy  d 2S y 4 Pn 4  65  1.2
n   2
  d    1.020 in Ans.
 P / ( d / 4) 4P  Sy   95.5 
(b) n  1.5
1.5  1
z    3.605
1.52  0.069012   0.092312
3.6 0.000159
3.605    = 0.00015645
3.7 0.000108
R = 1  0.00015645 = 0.9998 Ans.
4Pn 4  65  1.5
d    1.140 in Ans.
 Sy   95.5 
______________________________________________________________________________
 max   max   a   b  90  383  473 MPa

1-20
From footnote 9 of text,
1/ 2
ˆ max   ˆ2a  ˆ2b   (8.42  22.32 )1/ 2  23.83 MPa
ˆ max ˆ 23.83

C max    max   0.0504
 max  max 473
ˆ S y ˆ S y 42.7
CS y     0.0772
S y Sy 553
Sy 553
n    1.169  1.17 Ans.
 max 473

nd  1 1.169  1
z     1.635
nd2 CS2  C2 1.1692  0.0772 2   0.0504 2
Eq. (1-11):
From Table A-10, ( 1.635) = 0.05105
R = 1  0.05105 = 0.94895 = 94.9 percent Ans.

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1-21 a = 1.500  0.001 in

b = 2.000  0.003 in
c = 3.000  0.004 in
d = 6.520  0.010 in
(a) w d  a  b  c = 6.520  1.5  2  3 = 0.020 in
tw  tall
= 0.001 + 0.003 + 0.004 +0.010 = 0.018
w = 0.020  0.018 in Ans.
(b) From part (a), wmin = 0.002 in. Thus, must add 0.008 in to d . Therefore,
d = 6.520 + 0.008 = 6.528 in Ans.
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1-22 V = xyz, and x = a   a, y = b   b, z = c   c,
V abc
V  a a   b b   c c 

abc bca acb abc abc bca cab abc
The higher order terms in  are negligible. Thus,
V bca  acb  abc
V bca  acb  abc a b c a b c

       Ans.
and, V abc a b c a b c
V 1.500  1.875 3.000 8.4375 in 3

For the numerical values given,
V 0.002 0.003 0.004

   0.004267  V 0.004267  8.4375  0.0360 in 3
V 1.500 1.875 3.000
V = 8.4375  0.0360 in3 Ans.

8.4735 8.473551..
V  V 
This answer yields 8.4015 in, whereas, exact is 8.401551.. in
______________________________________________________________________________
1-23
wmax = 0.05 in, wmin = 0.004 in

0.05  0.004
w= 0.027 in
2
Thus,  w = 0.05  0.027 = 0.023 in, and then, w = 0.027  0.023 in.
w=a  b  c
0.027 a  0.042  1.5
a 1.569 in
tw = t all  0.023 = ta + 0.002 + 0.005  ta = 0.016 in
Thus, a = 1.569  0.016 in Ans.
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Do Di  2d 3.734  2  0.139  4.012 in

1-24
t Do  tall 0.028  2  0.004  0.036 in
Do = 4.012  0.036 in Ans.

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1-25 From O-Rings, Inc. (oringsusa.com), Di = 9.19  0.13 mm, d = 2.62  0.08 mm
Do Di  2d 9.19  2  2.62  14.43 mm
t Do  tall 0.13  2  0.08  0.29 mm
Do = 14.43  0.29 mm Ans.

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1-26 From O-Rings, Inc. (oringsusa.com), Di = 34.52  0.30 mm, d = 3.53  0.10 mm
Do Di  2d 34.52  2  3.53 41.58 mm

t Do  tall 0.30  2  0.10  0.50 mm
Do = 41.58  0.50 mm Ans.

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1-27 From O-Rings, Inc. (oringsusa.com), Di = 5.237  0.035 in, d = 0.103  0.003 in
Do Di  2d 5.237  2  0.103 5.443 in
tDo  tall 0.035  2  0.003 0.041 in
Do = 5.443  0.041 in Ans.

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1-28 From O-Rings, Inc. (oringsusa.com), Di = 1.100  0.012 in, d = 0.210  0.005 in
Do Di  2d 1.100  2  0.210  1.520 in
t Do  tall 0.012  2  0.005  0.022 in
Do = 1.520  0.022 in Ans.

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1-29 From Table A-2,
(a)  = 150/6.89 = 21.8 kpsi Ans.
(b) F = 2 /4.45 = 0.449 kip = 449 lbf Ans.
(c) M = 150/0.113 = 1330 lbf  in = 1.33 kip  in Ans.
(d) A = 1500/ 25.42 = 2.33 in2 Ans.
(e) I = 750/2.544 = 18.0 in4 Ans.
(f) E = 145/6.89 = 21.0 Mpsi Ans.
(g) v = 75/1.61 = 46.6 mi/h Ans.
(h) V = 1000/946 = 1.06 qt Ans.

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1-30 From Table A-2,

(a) l = 5(0.305) = 1.53 m Ans.
(b)  = 90(6.89) = 620 MPa Ans.
(c) p = 25(6.89) = 172 kPa Ans.
(d) Z =12(16.4) = 197 cm3 Ans.
(e) w = 0.208(175) = 36.4 N/m Ans.
(f)  = 0.001 89(25.4) = 0.048 0 mm Ans.
(g) v = 1 200(0.0051) = 6.12 m/s Ans.
(h)  = 0.002 15(1) = 0.002 15 mm/mm Ans.
(i) V = 1830(25.43) = 30.0 (106) mm3 Ans.

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1-31
(a)  = M /Z = 1770/0.934 = 1895 psi = 1.90 kpsi Ans.
(b)  = F /A = 9440/23.8 = 397 psi Ans.
(c) y =Fl3/3EI = 270(31.5)3/[3(30)106(0.154)] = 0.609 in Ans.
(d)  = Tl /GJ = 9 740(9.85)/[11.3(106)( /32)1.004] = 8.648(102) rad = 4.95 Ans.
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1-32
(a)  =F / wt = 1000/[25(5)] = 8 MPa Ans.
(b) I = bh3 /12 = 10(25)3/12 = 13.0(103) mm4 Ans.
(c) I = d4/64 =  (25.4)4/64 = 20.4(103) mm4 Ans.
(d)  =16T / d 3 = 16(25)103/[ (12.7)3] = 62.2 MPa Ans.

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1-33
(a)  =F /A = 2 700/[ (0.750)2/4] = 6110 psi = 6.11 kpsi Ans.
(b)  = 32Fa/ d 3 = 32(180)31.5/[ (1.25)3] = 29 570 psi = 29.6 kpsi Ans.
(c) Z = (do4  di4)/(32 do) =  (1.504  1.004)/[32(1.50)] = 0.266 in3 Ans.

(d) k = (d 4G)/(8D 3 N) = 0.062 54(11.3)106/[8(0.760)3 32] = 1.53 lbf/in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 8
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8-1 (a) Thread depth= 2.5 mm Ans.

Width = 2.5 mm Ans.
dm = 25 - 1.25 - 1.25 = 22.5 mm
dr = 25 - 5 = 20 mm
l = p = 5 mm Ans.
(b) Thread depth = 2.5 mm Ans.

Width at pitch line = 2.5 mm Ans.
dm = 22.5 mm
dr = 20 mm
l = p = 5 mm Ans.
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8-2 From Table 8-1,

d r  d  1.226 869 p
d m  d  0.649 519 p
d  1.226 869 p  d  0.649 519 p
d   d  0.938 194 p
2
d 2 
At   (d  0.938 194 p) 2
Ans.
4 4
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8-3 From Eq. (c) of Sec. 8-2,

tan   f
PR  F
1  f tan 
Pd Fd m tan   f
TR  R m 
2 2 1  f tan 
T Fl / (2 ) 1  f tan  1  f tan 
e 0   tan  Ans.
TR Fd m / 2 tan   f tan   f
Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chap. 8 Solutions, Page 1/68

Using f = 0.08, form a table and plot the efficiency curve.
, deg. e
0 0
0 0.678
20 0.796
30 0.838
40 0.8517
45 0.8519
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8-4 Given F = 5 kN, l = 5 mm, and dm = d  p/2 = 25  5/2 = 22.5 mm, the torque required to
raise the load is found using Eqs. (8-1) and (8-6)
5  22.5   5    0.09  22.5  5  0.06  45

TR     15.85 N  m
   
Ans.
2   22.5  0.09 5  2
The torque required to lower the load, from Eqs. (8-2) and (8-6) is
5  22.5     0.09  22.5  5  5  0.06  45

TL     7.83 N  m
   22.5   0.09  5  
Ans.
2 2
Since TL is positive, the thread is self-locking. From Eq.(8-4) the efficiency is
5 5
e  0.251
2 15.85 
Ans.
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8-5 Collar (thrust) bearings, at the bottom of the screws, must bear on the collars. The bottom
segment of the screws must be in compression. Whereas, tension specimens and their
grips must be in tension. Both screws must be of the same-hand threads.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-6 Screws rotate at an angular rate of
1720
n  28.67 rev/min
60
(a) The lead is 0.25 in, so the linear speed of the press head is
V = 28.67(0.25) = 7.17 in/min Ans.
(b) F = 2500 lbf/screw
d m  2  0.25 / 2  1.875 in
sec   1 / cos(29o / 2)  1.033
Eq. (8-5):
2500(1.875)  0.25   (0.05)(1.875)(1.033) 

TR     221.0 lbf · in
2   (1.875)  0.05(0.25)(1.033) 
Eq. (8-6):
Tc  2500(0.08)(3.5 / 2)  350 lbf · in

Ttotal  350  221.0  571 lbf · in/screw
571(2)
Tmotor   20.04 lbf · in
60(0.95)
Tn 20.04(1720)
H    0.547 hp Ans.
63 025 63 025
______________________________________________________________________________
8-7 AISI 1006 CD steel. Table A-20: Sy = 41 kpsi.
(a) The handle has maximum bending moment where it enters the screw body.
M = (3.5  0.375) F = 3.125 F
32M 32(3.125) F
Sy      41 000
d 3
 (0.375)3
F = 67.9 lbf Ans.
(b) Using Fig. 8-3 for the Acme thread, p = l = 1/6 = 0.1667 in
d m  d  p / 2  0.75  1/12  0.6667 in , d r  d  p  0.75  1/ 6  0.5833 in
 = 29/2 = 14.5, sec 14.5 = 1.033
From Eqs. (8-5) and (8-6),
Fd  l   fd m sec   Ff c d c
Ttotal  m  
2   d m  fl sec   2
F  0.6667   0.1667    0.15  0.6667 1.033   F  0.15 1
    0.1542 F
2    0.6667   0.15  0.1667 1.033   2
From part (a), Ttotal = 3.5 F = 3.5(67.9) = 237.7 lbf٠in
237.7
F  1542 lbf Ans.
0.1542
(c) Using Eqs. (8-11), (8-8), (8-7), and (8-12):
Bending stress in first thread, with the force on the first thread being 0.38F and nt = 1,
6(0.38 F ) 6(0.38)(1542)
x    11 510 psi  11.5 kpsi
 d r nt p  (0.5833)(1)(0.1667)

Axial stress in body of screw,
4F 4(1542)
y     5770 psi  5.77 kpsi
 dr 2
 (0.5833) 2
Torsion in body of screw:
16T 16(237.7)
 yz    6100 psi  6.10 kpsi
 d r  (0.5833)3
3
The tangential shear stress given by Eq. (8-12) with one thread carrying 0.38 T:
4  0.38T  4  0.38  237.7
 zx   2    2030 psi  2.03 kpsi
 d r 1 p   0.5833 1 0.1667
2
 
From Eq. (5-14),
11.5   5.77     5.77  0    0  11.5   6  6.10   6  2.03
1
 
2 1/2
2 2 2
2
 18.9 kpsi
Sy 41
ny    2.2 Ans.
  18.9
(d) The column has one end fixed and the other end pivoted in the swivel joint of the
anvil striker, so from Table 4-2, C = 1.2. We will use the root diameter of the screw body
to check buckling, neglecting the effect of the threads.
A = (0.58332)/4 = 0.267 in2, Sy = 41 kpsi, E = 30(106) psi, L = 8 in,
 d 4 / 64
k I   d / 4  0.5833 / 4  0.1458 in , L/k = 8/0.1458 = 54.9
A d2 / 4
From Eq. (4-45),
 l   2 CE   2 2 1.2  30 106  
1/ 2 1/2
2
       131.7
 k 1  S y   41 000 
Since 54.9 < 131.7, the J.B. Johnson formula is applicable. From Eq. (4-48), the critical
clamping force for buckling is
  Sy l  1 
2
Pc r  A  S y    
  2 k  CE 

 0.267 41103   
    
2
 41 10 3
1 
(54.9)  6
 9995 lbf
 
Ans
  2   1.2 30 10 
 
P 9995
n  cr   6.5 Ans.
F 1542
It is confirmed that the weak link is the yielding of the handle.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-8 T = 8(3.5) = 28 lbf  in
3 1
dm    0.6667 in
4 12

1 290
l = = 0.1667 in,  = = 14.50, sec 14.50 = 1.033
6 2
From Eqs. (8-5) and (8-6)
0.6667 F  0.1667    0.15  0.6667 1.033  0.15 1 F

Ttotal     0.1542 F
2    0.6667   0.15  0.1667 1.033   2
28
F 182 lbf Ans.
0.1542
_____________________________________________________________________________
8-9 dm = 1.5  0.25/2 = 1.375 in, l = 2(0.25) = 0.5 in
From Eq. (8-1) and Eq. (8-6),
2.2 103  (1.375)  0.5   (0.10)(1.375)  2.2 103  (0.15)(2.25)

TR    (1.375)  0.10(0.5)  
2   2
 330  371  701 lbf · in
Since n = V/l = 2/0.5 = 4 rev/s = 240 rev/min
so the power is
Tn 701 240 
H   2.67 hp Ans.
63 025 63 025
______________________________________________________________________________
8-10 dm = 40  4 = 36 mm, l = p = 8 mm
From Eqs. (8-1) and (8-6)
36 F  8   (0.14)(36)  0.09(100) F
T  
2   (36)  0.14(8)  2
 (3.831  4.5) F  8.33F N · m (F in kN)
  2 n  2 (1)  2 rad/s
H  T
H 3000
T    477 N · m
 2
477
F   57.3 kN Ans.
8.33

Fl 57.3(8)
e   0.153 Ans.
2 T 2 (477)
______________________________________________________________________________
8-11 (a) Table A-31, nut height H = 12.8 mm. L ≥ l + H = 2(15) + 12.8 = 42.8 mm. Rounding
up,
L = 45 mm Ans.
(b) From Eq. (8-14), LT = 2d + 6 = 2(14) +6 = 34 mm

From Table 8-7, ld = L  LT = 45 34 = 11 mm, lt = l  ld = 2(15)  11 = 19 mm,
Ad =  (142) / 4 = 153.9 mm2. From Table 8-1, At = 115 mm2. From Eq. (8-17)
Ad At E 153.9 115  207

kb    874.6 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 153.9 19   115 11
Ans.
(c) From Eq. (8-22), with l = 2(15) = 30 mm
0.5774 Ed 0.5774  207 14

km    3 116.5 MN/m Ans.
 0.5774l  0.5d   0.5774  30   0.5 14  
2 ln  5  2 ln 5 
 0.5774l  2.5d   0.5774  30   2.5 14  
8-12 (a) Table A-31, nut height H = 12.8 mm. Table A-33, washer thickness t = 3.5 mm. Thus,
the grip is l = 2(15) + 3.5 = 33.5 mm. L ≥ l + H = 33.5 + 12.8 = 46.3 mm. Rounding up
L = 50 mm Ans.
(b) From Eq. (8-14), LT = 2d + 6 = 2(14) +6 = 34 mm

From Table 8-7, ld = L  LT = 50 34 = 16 mm, lt = l  ld = 33.5  16 = 17.5 mm,
Ad At E 153.9 115  207

kb    808.2 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 153.9 17.5   115 16 
Ans.
(c)

From Eq. (8-22)
0.5774 Ed 0.5774  207 14

km    2 969 MN/m Ans.
 0.5774l  0.5d   0.5774  33.5  0.5 14  
2 ln  5  2 ln 5 
 0.5774l  2.5d   0.5774  33.5   2.5 14  
______________________________________________________________________________
8-13 (a) Table 8-7, l = h + d /2 = 15 + 14/2 = 22 mm. L ≥ h + 1.5d = 36 mm. Rounding up

L = 40 mm Ans.
(b) From Eq. (8-14), LT = 2d + 6 = 2(14) +6 = 34 mm

From Table 8-7, ld = L  LT = 40 34 = 6 mm, lt = l  ld = 22  6 = 16 mm
Ad At E 153.9 115  207

kb    1 162.2 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 153.9 16   115  6 
Ans.
(c) From Eq. (8-22), with l = 22 mm
0.5774 Ed 0.5774  207 14

km    3 624.4 MN/m Ans.
 0.5774l  0.5d   0.5774  22   0.5 14  
2 ln  5  2 ln 5 
 0.5774l  2.5d   0.5774  22   2.5 14  
______________________________________________________________________________
8-14 (a) From Table A-31, the nut height is H = 7/16 in. L ≥ l + H = 2 + 1 + 7/16 = 3 7/16 in.
Rounding up, L = 3.5 in Ans.
(b) From Eq. (8-13), LT = 2d + 1/4 = 2(0.5) + 0.25 = 1.25 in
From Table 8-7, ld = L  LT = 3.5  1.25 = 2.25 in, lt = l  ld = 3  2.25 = 0.75 in
Ad =  (0.52)/4 = 0.1963 in2. From Table 8-2, At = 0.1419 in2. From Eq. (8-17)
Ad At E 0.1963  0.1419  30
kb    1.79 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.1963  0.75   0.1419  2.25 
Ans.
(c)

Top steel frustum: t = 1.5 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, E = 30 Mpsi. From Eq. (8-20)
0.5774  30  0.5
k1   22.65 Mlbf/in
1.155 1.5   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
ln 
1.155 1.5   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
Lower steel frustum: t = 0.5 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 + 2(1) tan 30 = 1.905 in, E = 30
Mpsi. Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 210.7 Mlbf/in
Cast iron: t = 1 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, E = 14.5 Mpsi (Table 8-8). Eq. (8-20) 
k3 = 12.27 Mlbf/in
From Eq. (8-18),

km = (1/k1 + 1/k2 +1/k3)1 = (1/22.65 + 1/210.7 + 1/12.27)1 = 7.67 Mlbf/in Ans.
8-15 (a) From Table A-32, the washer thickness is 0.095 in. Thus, l = 2 + 1 + 2(0.095) = 3.19
in. From Table A-31, the nut height is H = 7/16 in. L ≥ l + H = 3.19 + 7/16 = 3.63 in.
(b) From Eq. (8-13), LT = 2d + 1/4 = 2(0.5) + 0.25 = 1.25 in
From Table 8-7, ld = L  LT = 3.75  1.25 = 2.5 in, lt = l  ld = 3.19  2.5 = 0.69 in
Ad At E 0.1963  0.1419  30
kb    1.705 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.1963  0.69   0.1419  2.5 
Ans.

(c)
Each steel washer frustum: t = 0.095 in, d = 0.531 in (Table A-32), D = 0.75 in, E = 30
Mpsi. From Eq. (8-20)
0.5774  30  0.531
k1   89.20 Mlbf/in
1.155  0.095   0.75  0.531  0.75  0.531
ln 
1.155  0.095   0.75  0.531  0.75  0.531
Top plate, top steel frustum: t = 1.5 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 + 2(0.095) tan 30 = 0.860 in,
E = 30 Mpsi. Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 28.99 Mlbf/in
Top plate, lower steel frustum: t = 0.5 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.860 + 2(1) tan 30 = 2.015 in,
E = 30 Mpsi. Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 234.08 Mlbf/in
Cast iron: t = 1 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 + 2(0.095) tan 30 = 0.860 in, E = 14.5 Mpsi
(Table 8-8). Eq. (8-20)  k4 = 15.99 Mlbf/in
From Eq. (8-18)
km = (2/k1 + 1/k2 +1/k3+1/k4)1 = (2/89.20 + 1/28.99 + 1/234.08 + 1/15.99)1
= 8.08 Mlbf/in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-16 (a) From Table 8-7, l = h + d /2 = 2 + 0.5/2 = 2.25 in.

L ≥ h + 1.5 d = 2 + 1.5(0.5) = 2.75 in Ans.
(b) From Table 8-7, LT = 2d + 1/4 = 2(0.5) + 0.25 = 1.25 in

ld = L  LT = 2.75  1.25 = 1.5 in, lt = l  ld = 2.25  1.5 = 0.75 in

Ad At E 0.1963  0.1419  30
kb    2.321 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.1963  0.75   0.1419 1.5 
Ans.
(c)
Top steel frustum: t = 1.125 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, E = 30 Mpsi. From Eq. (8-20)
0.5774  30  0.5
k1   24.48 Mlbf/in
1.155 1.125   0.75  0.5   0.75  0.5 
ln 
1.155 1.125   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
Lower steel frustum: t = 0.875 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 + 2(0.25) tan 30 = 1.039 in, E =
30 Mpsi. Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 49.36 Mlbf/in
Cast iron: t = 0.25 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, E = 14.5 Mpsi (Table 8-8). Eq. (8-20) 
k3 = 23.49 Mlbf/in
From Eq. (8-18)
km = (1/k1 + 1/k2 +1/k3)1 = (1/24.48 + 1/49.36 + 1/23.49)1 = 9.645 Mlbf/in Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
8-17 a) Grip, l = 2(2 + 0.095) = 4.19 in. L ≥ 4.19 + 7/16 = 4.628 in.
(b) From Eq. (8-13), LT = 2d + 1/4 = 2(0.5) + 0.25 = 1.25 in

Ad At E 0.1963  0.1419  30
kb    1.322 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.1963  0.69   0.1419  3.5 
Ans.
(c)
Upper and lower halves are the same. For the upper half,
Steel frustum: t = 0.095 in, d = 0.531 in, D = 0.75 in, and E = 30 Mpsi. From Eq. (8-20)
0.5774  30  0.531
k1   89.20 Mlbf/in
1.155  0.095   0.75  0.531  0.75  0.531
ln 
1.155  0.095   0.75  0.531  0.75  0.531
Aluminum: t = 2 in, d = 0.5 in, D =0.75 + 2(0.095) tan 30 = 0.860 in, and E = 10.3
Mpsi. Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 9.24 Mlbf/in
For the top half, km = (1/k1 + 1/k2)1 = (1/89.20 + 1/9.24)1 = 8.373 Mlbf/in
Since the bottom half is the same, the overall stiffness is given by
km = (1/ km + 1/ km )1 = km /2 = 8.373/2 = 4.19 Mlbf/in Ans

______________________________________________________________________________
8-18 (a) Grip, l = 2(2 + 0.095) = 4.19 in. L ≥ 4.19 + 7/16 = 4.628 in.
(b) From Eq. (8-13), LT = 2d + 1/4 = 2(0.5) + 0.25 = 1.25 in

Ad At E 0.1963  0.1419  30
kb    1.322 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.1963  0.69   0.1419  3.5 
Ans.
(c)
Upper aluminum frustum: t = [4 + 2(0.095)] /2 = 2.095 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, and
E = 10.3 Mpsi. From Eq. (8-20)
0.5774 10.3  0.5
k1   7.23 Mlbf/in
1.155  2.095   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
1.155  2.095   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
ln
Lower aluminum frustum: t = 4  2.095 = 1.905 in, d = 0.5 in,

D = 0.75 +4(0.095) tan 30 = 0.969 in, and E = 10.3 Mpsi. Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 11.34
Mlbf/in
Steel washers frustum: t = 2(0.095) = 0.190 in, d = 0.531 in, D = 0.75 in, and E = 30 Mpsi.
Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 53.91 Mlbf/in
From Eq. (8-18)

km = (1/k1 + 1/k2 +1/k3)1 = (1/7.23 + 1/11.34 + 1/53.91)1 = 4.08 Mlbf/in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-19 (a) From Table A-31, the nut height is H = 8.4 mm. L > l + H = 50 + 8.4 = 58.4 mm.
Rounding up, L = 60 mm Ans.

(b) From Eq. (8-14), LT = 2d + 6 = 2(10) + 6 = 26 mm, ld = L  LT = 60  26 =
34 mm, lt = l  l = 50  34 = 16 mm. Ad =  (102) / 4 = 78.54 mm2. From Table 8-1,

At = 58 mm2. From Eq. (8-17)
Ad At E 78.54  58.0  207
kb    292.1 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 78.54 16   58.0  34 
Ans.
(c)
Upper and lower frustums are the same. For the upper half,
Aluminum: t = 10 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, and from Table 8-8, E = 71 GPa.
From Eq. (8-20)
0.5774  7110
k1   1576 MN/m
1.155 10   15  10 15  10 
1.155 10   15  10  15  10 
ln
Steel: t = 15 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 + 2(10) tan 30 = 26.55 mm, and E = 207
GPa. From Eq. (8-20)
0.5774  207 10

k2   11 440 MN/m
1.155 15   26.55  10   26.55  10 
ln 
1.155 15   26.55  10   26.55  10 
For the top half, km = (1/k1 + 1/k2)1 = (1/1576 + 1/11 440)1 = 1385 MN/m
Since the bottom half is the same, the overall stiffness is given by
km = (1/ km + 1/ km )1 = km /2 = 1385/2 = 692.5 MN/m Ans.
8-20 (a) From Table A-31, the nut height is H = 8.4 mm. L > l + H = 60 + 8.4 = 68.4 mm.

Rounding up, L = 70 mm Ans.

44 mm, lt = l  ld = 60  44 = 16 mm. Ad =  (102) / 4 = 78.54 mm2. From Table 8-1,
At = 58 mm2. From Eq. (8-17)
Ad At E 78.54  58.0  207

kb    247.6 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 78.54 16   58.0  44 
Ans.
(c)
Upper aluminum frustum: t = 10 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, and E = 71 GPa. From Eq.
(8-20)
0.5774 10.3  71
k1   1576 MN/m
1.155  2.095   15  10  15  10 
1.155  2.095   15  10  15  10 
ln
Lower aluminum frustum: t = 20 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, and E = 71 GPa. Eq.

(8-20)  k2 = 1 201 MN/m
Top steel frustum: t = 20 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 + 2(10) tan 30 = 26.55 mm, and E =
207 GPa. Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 9 781 MN/m
Lower steel frustum: t = 10 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 + 2(20) tan 30 = 38.09 mm, and E =
207 GPa. Eq. (8-20)  k4 = 29 070 MN/m

From Eq. (8-18)
km = (1/k1 + 1/k2 +1/k3+1/k4)1 = (1/1 576 + 1/1 201 + 1/9 781 +1/29 070)1
= 623.5 MN/m Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-21 (a) From Table 8-7, l = h + d /2 = 10 + 30 + 10/2 = 45 mm. L ≥ h + 1.5 d =

10 + 30 + 1.5(10) = 55 mm Ans.

29 mm, lt = l  ld = 45  29 = 16 mm. Ad =  (102) / 4 = 78.54 mm2. From Table 8-1,
At = 58 mm2. From Eq. (8-17)
Ad At E 78.54  58.0  207
kb    320.9 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 78.54 16   58.0  29 
Ans.
(c)
Upper aluminum frustum: t = 10 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, and E = 71 GPa. From Eq.
(8-20)
0.5774 10.3  71
k1   1576 MN/m
1.155  2.095   15  10  15  10 
1.155  2.095   15  10  15  10 
ln
Lower aluminum frustum: t = 5 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, and E = 71 GPa. Eq.

(8-20)  k2 = 2 300 MN/m
Top steel frustum: t = 12.5 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 + 2(10) tan 30 = 26.55 mm, and E =
207 GPa. Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 12 759 MN/m
Lower steel frustum: t = 17.5 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 + 2(5) tan 30 = 20.77 mm, and E
= 207 GPa. Eq. (8-20)  k4 = 6 806 MN/m
From Eq. (8-18)

km = (1/k1 + 1/k2 +1/k3+1/k4)1 = (1/1 576 + 1/2 300 + 1/12 759 +1/6 806)1
= 772.4 MN/m Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
kb
8-22 Equation (f ), Sec. 8-7: C 
kb  k m
Ad At E
Eq. (8-17): kb 
Ad lt  At ld
0.5774  207  d
Eq. (8-22): km 
 0.5774  40   0.5d 
2 ln 5 
 0.5774  40   2.5d 
See Table 8-7 for other terms used.
Using a spreadsheet, with coarse-pitch bolts (units are mm, mm 2, MN/m):
d At Ad H L> L LT
10 58 78.53982 8.4 48.4 50 26
12 84.3 113.0973 10.8 50.8 55 30
14 115 153.938 12.8 52.8 55 34
16 157 201.0619 14.8 54.8 55 38
20 245 314.1593 18 58 60 46
24 353 452.3893 21.5 61.5 65 54
30 561 706.8583 25.6 65.6 70 66
d l ld lt kb km C
10 40 24 16 356.0129 1751.566 0.16892
12 40 25 15 518.8172 2235.192 0.188386
14 40 21 19 686.2578 2761.721 0.199032
16 40 17 23 895.9182 3330.796 0.211966
20 40 14 26 1373.719 4595.515 0.230133
24 40 11 29 1944.24 6027.684 0.243886
30 40 4 36 2964.343 8487.533 0.258852
Use a M14  2 bolt, with length 55 mm. Ans.

_____________________________________________________________________________
kb
8-23 Equation (f ), Sec. 8-7: C 
kb  k m
Ad At E
Eq. (8-17): kb 
Ad lt  At ld

For upper frustum, Eq. (8-20), with D = 1.5 d and t = 1.5 in:
0.5774  30  d 0.5774  30  d
k1  
 1.155 1.5   0.5d   2.5d    1.733  0.5d  
ln    ln 5 
 1.155 1.5   2.5d   0.5d    1.733  2.5d  
Lower steel frustum, with D = 1.5d + 2(1) tan 30 = 1.5d + 1.155, and t = 0.5 in:
0.5774  30  d
k2 
 1.733  0.5d  2.5d  1.155  
ln  
 1.733  2.5d  0.5d  1.155  
For cast iron frustum, let E = 14. 5 Mpsi, and D = 1.5 d, and t = 1 in:
0.5774 14.5  d
k3 
 1.155  0.5d  
ln 5 
 1.155  2.5d  
Overall, km = (1/k1 +1/k2 +1/k3)1

Using a spreadsheet, with coarse-pitch bolts (units are in, in 2, Mlbf/in):

d At Ad H L> L LT l
0.375 0.0775 0.110447 0.328125 3.328125 3.5 1 3
0.4375 0.1063 0.15033 0.375 3.375 3.5 1.125 3
0.5 0.1419 0.19635 0.4375 3.4375 3.5 1.25 3
0.5625 0.182 0.248505 0.484375 3.484375 3.5 1.375 3
0.625 0.226 0.306796 0.546875 3.546875 3.75 1.5 3
0.75 0.334 0.441786 0.640625 3.640625 3.75 1.75 3
0.875 0.462 0.60132 0.75 3.75 3.75 2 3
d ld lt kb k1 k2 k3 km C
0.375 2.5 0.5 1.031389 15.94599 178.7801 8.461979 5.362481 0.161309
0.4375 2.375 0.625 1.383882 19.21506 194.465 10.30557 6.484256 0.175884
0.5 2.25 0.75 1.791626 22.65332 210.6084 12.26874 7.668728 0.189383
0.5625 2.125 0.875 2.245705 26.25931 227.2109 14.35052 8.915294 0.20121
0.625 2.25 0.75 2.816255 30.03179 244.2728 16.55009 10.22344 0.215976
0.75 2 1 3.988786 38.07191 279.7762 21.29991 13.02271 0.234476
0.875 1.75 1.25 5.341985 46.7663 317.1203 26.51374 16.06359 0.24956
Use a 169 12 UNC  3.5 in long bolt Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
kb
8-24 Equation (f ), Sec. 8-7: C 
kb  k m
Ad At E
Eq. (8-17): kb 
Ad lt  At ld

Top frustum, Eq. (8-20), with E = 10.3Mpsi, D = 1.5 d, and t = l /2:
0.5774 10.3  d
k1 
 1.155 l / 2  0.5d 
ln 5 
 1.155 l / 2  2.5d 
Middle frustum, with E = 10.3 Mpsi, D = 1.5d + 2(l  0.5) tan 30, and t = 0.5  l /2
0.5774 10.3  d
 
k2 
1.155  0.5  0.5l   0.5d  2  l  0.5  tan 30 0   2.5d  2  l  0.5  tan 30 0 
 
ln
1.155  0.5  0.5l   2.5d  2  l  0.5  tan 300  0.5d  2  l  0.5  tan 300 
Lower frustum, with E = 30Mpsi, D = 1.5 d, t = l  0.5

0.5774  30  d
k3 
 1.155  l  0.5   0.5d  
ln 5   
 1.155  l  0.5   2.5d  
Using a spreadsheet, with coarse-pitch bolts (units are in, in 2, Mlbf/in)
Size d At Ad L> L LT l ld
1 0.073 0.00263 0.004185 0.6095 0.75 0.396 0.5365 0.354
2 0.086 0.0037 0.005809 0.629 0.75 0.422 0.543 0.328
3 0.099 0.00487 0.007698 0.6485 0.75 0.448 0.5495 0.302
4 0.112 0.00604 0.009852 0.668 0.75 0.474 0.556 0.276
5 0.125 0.00796 0.012272 0.6875 0.75 0.5 0.5625 0.25
6 0.138 0.00909 0.014957 0.707 0.75 0.526 0.569 0.224
8 0.164 0.014 0.021124 0.746 0.75 0.578 0.582 0.172
10 0.19 0.0175 0.028353 0.785 1 0.63 0.595 0.37
Size d lt kb k1 k2 k3 km C
1 0.073 0.1825 0.194841 1.084468 1.954599 7.09432 0.635049 0.23478
2 0.086 0.215 0.261839 1.321595 2.449694 8.357692 0.778497 0.251687
3 0.099 0.2475 0.333134 1.570439 2.993366 9.621064 0.930427 0.263647
4 0.112 0.28 0.403377 1.830494 3.587564 10.88444 1.090613 0.27
5 0.125 0.3125 0.503097 2.101297 4.234381 12.14781 1.258846 0.285535
6 0.138 0.345 0.566787 2.382414 4.936066 13.41118 1.434931 0.28315
8 0.164 0.41 0.801537 2.974009 6.513824 15.93792 1.809923 0.306931
10 0.19 0.225 1.15799 3.602349 8.342138 18.46467 2.214214 0.343393
Use a 256 UNC  0.75 in long bolt. Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________

8-25 For half of joint, Eq. (8-20): t = 20 mm, d = 14 mm, D = 21 mm, and E = 207 GPa
0.5774  207 14

k1   5523 MN/m
1.155  20   21  14   21  14 
ln 
1.155  20   21  14   21  14 
km = (1/k1 + 1/k1)1 = k1/2 = 5523/2 = 2762 MN/m Ans.
From Eq. (8-22) with l = 40 mm
0.5774  207 14

km   2762 MN/m Ans.
 0.5774  40   0.5 14  
2 ln 5 
 0.5774  40   2.5 14  
which agrees with the earlier calculation.
For Eq. (8-23), from Table 8-8, A = 0.787 15, B = 0.628 73
km = 207(14)(0.78 715) exp [0.628 73(14)/40] = 2843 MN/m Ans.
This is 2.9% higher than the earlier calculations.

______________________________________________________________________________
8-26 (a) Grip, l = 10 in. Nut height, H = 41/64 in (Table A-31).

L ≥ l + H = 10 + 41/64 = 10.641 in. Let L = 10.75 in.
Table 8-7, LT = 2d + 0.5 = 2(0.75) + 0.5 = 2 in, ld = L  LT = 10.75  2 = 8.75 in,
lt = l  ld = 10  8.75 = 1.25 in
Ad = (0.752)/4 = 0.4418 in2, At = 0.373 in2 (Table 8-2)
Eq. (8-17),
Ad At E 0.4418  0.373  30
kb    1.296 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.4418 1.25   0.373  8.75 
Ans.
Eq. (4-4),
Am Em  / 4  1.125  0.75  30
2 2
km    1.657 Mlbf/in Ans.

l 10
Eq. (f), Sec. 8-7, C = kb/(kb + km) = 1.296/(1.296 + 1.657) = 0.439 Ans.

(b)
Let: Nt = no. of turns, p = pitch of thread (in), N = no. of threads per in = 1/p. Then,
 = b + m = Nt p = Nt / N (1)
But, b = Fi / kb, and, m = Fi / km. Substituting these into Eq. (1) and solving for Fi gives
 2
kb k m N t
Fi 
kb  k m N
1.296 1.657 106 1/ 3
  15 150 lbf Ans.
1.296  1.657 16
______________________________________________________________________________
8-27 Proof for the turn-of-nut equation is given in the solution of Prob. 8-26, Eq. (2), where
Nt =  / 360.
The relationship between the turn-of-nut method and the torque-wrench method is as
follows.
 k  km 
Nt   b  Fi N (turn-of-nut)
 kb k m 
T  KFd i (torque-wrench)
Eliminate Fi
 k  km  NT 
Nt   b   Ans.
 kb km  Kd 360
______________________________________________________________________________
8-28 (a) From Ex. 8-4, Fi = 14.4 kip, kb = 5.21(106) lbf/in, km = 8.95(106) lbf/in
Eq. (8-27): T = kFid = 0.2(14.4)(103)(5/8) = 1800 lbf · in Ans.
From Prob. 8-27,

 k  km   5.21  8.95 
Nt   b  Fi N   6
 5.218.95 10 
(14.4)(103 )11
 kb km 
 0.0481 turns  17.3 Ans.
Bolt group is (1.5) / (5/8) = 2.4 diameters. Answer is much lower than RB&W
recommendations.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-29 C = kb / (kb + km) = 3/(3+12) = 0.2, P = Ptotal/ N = 80/6 = 13.33 kips/bolt

Table 8-2, At = 0.141 9 in2; Table 8-9, Sp = 120 kpsi; Eqs. (8-31) and (8-32),
Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(0.141 9)(120) = 12.77 kips
(a) From Eq. (8-28), the factor of safety for yielding is
S p At 120  0.141 9 
np    1.10
CP  Fi 0.2 13.33  12.77
Ans.
(b) From Eq. (8-29), the overload factor is
S p At  Fi 120  0.141 9   12.77

nL    1.60
0.2 13.33
Ans.
CP
(c) From Eq. (8-30), the joint separation factor of safety is
Fi 12.77
n0    1.20
P 1  C  13.33 1  0.2 
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-30 1/2  13 UNC Grade 8 bolt, K = 0.20

(a) Proof strength, Table 8-9, Sp = 120 kpsi
Table 8-2, At = 0.141 9 in2
Maximum, Fi = Sp At = 120(0.141 9) = 17.0 kips Ans.
(b) From Prob. 8-29, C = 0.2, P = 13.33 kips
Joint separation, Eq. (8-30) with n0 = 1
Minimum Fi = P (1  C) = 13.33(1  0.2) = 10.66 kips Ans.
(c) Fi = (17.0 + 10.66)/2 = 13.8 kips
Eq. (8-27), T = KFi d = 0.2(13.8)103(0.5)/12 = 115 lbf  ft Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-31 (a) Table 8-1, At = 20.1 mm2. Table 8-11, Sp = 380 MPa.
Eq. (8-31), Fi = 0.75 Fp = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(20.1)380(103) = 5.73 kN

kb 1
Eq. (f ), Sec. 8-7, C   0.278
kb  km 1  2.6
Eq. (8-28) with np = 1,
S p At  Fi 0.25S p At 0.25  20.1 380 10 3 
P    6.869 kN
C C 0.278
Ptotal = NP = 8(6.869) = 55.0 kN Ans.
(b) Eq. (8-30) with n0 = 1,

F 5.73
P i   7.94 kN
1  C 1  0.278
Ptotal = NP = 8(7.94) = 63.5 kN Ans. Bolt stress would exceed proof strength
______________________________________________________________________________
8-32 (a) Table 8-2, At = 0.141 9 in2. Table 8-9, Sp = 120 kpsi.
Eq. (8-31), Fi = 0.75 Fp = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(0.141 9)120 = 12.77 kips
kb 4
Eq. (f ), Sec. 8-7, C   0.25
kb  k m 4  12
Eq. (8-28) with np = 1,
 S A  Fi  0.25 NS p At
Ptotal  N  p t 
 C  C
PtotalC 80  0.25 
N   4.70
0.25S p At 0.25 120  0.141 9
Round to N = 5 bolts Ans.
(b) Eq. (8-30) with n0 = 1,

 F 
Ptotal  N  i 
 1 C 
P 1  C  80 1  0.25 
N  total   4.70
Fi 12.77
Round to N = 5 bolts Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-33 Bolts: From Table A-31, the nut height is H = 10.8 mm. L ≥ l +H = 40 + 10.8 = 50.8
mm.
Round up to L = 55 mm Ans.
Eq. (8-14): LT = 2d + 6 = 2(12) + 6 = 30 mm
Table 8-7: ld = L  LT = 55  30 = 25 mm, lt = l ld = 40  25 = 15 mm
Ad = (122)/4 = 113.1 mm2, Table 8-1: At = 84.3 mm2

Eq. (8-17):
Ad At E 113.1 84.3  207
kb    518.8 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 113.1 15   84.3  25 
Members: Steel cyl. head: t = 20 mm, d = 12 mm, D = 18 mm, E = 207 GPa. Eq. (8-20),
0.5774  207 12

k1   4470 MN/m
1.155  20   18  12  18  12 
ln 
1.155  20   18  12  18  12 
Cast iron: t = 20 mm, d = 12 mm, D = 18 mm, E = 100 GPa (from

Table 8-8). The only difference from k1 is the material
k2 = (100/207)(4470) = 2159 MN/m
Eq. (8-18): km = (1/4470 + 1/2159)1 = 1456 MN/m
C = kb / (kb + km) = 518.8/(518.8+1456) = 0.263
Table 8-11: Sp = 650 MPa
For a non-permanent connection, using Eqs. (8-31) and (8-32)
Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(84.3)(650)103 = 41.1 kN
The total external load is Ptotal = pg Ag, where Ag is the effective area of the cylinder, based
on the effective sealing diameter of 100 mm. The external load per bolt is P = Ptotal /N.
Thus
P = [6 (1002)/4](103)/10 = 4.712 kN/bolt
Yielding factor of safety, Eq. (8-28):
S p At 650  84.310 3
np    1.29
0.263  4.712   41.10
Ans.
CP  Fi
Overload factor of safety, Eq. (8-29):
S p At  Fi 650  84.3103  41.10

nL    11.1
0.263  4.712 
Ans.
CP
Separation factor of safety, Eq. (8-30):

Fi 41.10
n0    11.8
P 1  C  4.712 1  0.263
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-34 Bolts: Grip, l = 1/2 + 5/8 = 1.125 in. From Table A-31, the nut height is H = 7/16 in.
L ≥ l + H = 1.125 + 7/16 = 1.563 in.
Round up to L = 1.75 in Ans.

Eq. (8-13): LT = 2d + 0.25 = 2(0.5) + 0.25 = 1.25 in
Table 8-7: ld = L  LT = 1.75  1.25 = 0.5 in, lt = l ld = 1.125  0.5 = 0.625 in
Ad =  (0.52)/4 = 0.196 3 in2, Table 8-2: At = 0.141 9 in2
Eq. (8-17):
Ad At E 0.196 3  0.141 9  30
kb    4.316 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.196 3  0.625   0.141 9  0.5 
Members: Steel cyl. head: t = 0.5 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, E = 30 Mpsi. Eq. (8-20),
0.5774  30  0.5
k1   33.30 Mlbf/in
1.155  0.5   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
ln 
1.155  0.5   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
Cast iron: Has two frusta. Midpoint of complete joint is at (1/2 + 5/8)/2 =
0.5625 in.
Upper frustum, t = 0.5625 0.5 = 0.0625 in, d = 0.5 in,
D = 0.75 + 2(0.5) tan 30 = 1.327 in, E = 14.5 Mpsi (from Table 8-8)
Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 292.7 Mlbf/in
Lower frustum, t = 0.5625 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, E = 14.5 Mpsi
Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 15.26 Mlbf/in
Eq. (8-18): km = (1/33.30 + 1/292.7 + 1/15.26)1 = 10.10 Mlbf/in
C = kb / (kb + km) = 4.316/(4.316+10.10) = 0.299
Table 8-9: Sp = 85 kpsi
Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(0.141 9)(85) = 9.05 kips

The total external load is Ptotal = pg Ag, where Ag is the effective area of the cylinder,
based on the effective sealing diameter of 3.5 in. The external load per bolt is P = Ptotal
/N. Thus,
P = [1 500 (3.52)/4](103)/10 = 1.443 kips/bolt

S p At 85  0.141 9 
np    1.27
CP  Fi 0.299 1.443  9.05
Ans.

S p At  Fi 85  0.141 9   9.05
nL    6.98
0.299 1.443
Ans.
CP
Fi 9.05
n0    8.95
P 1  C  1.443 1  0.299 
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-35 Bolts: Grip: l = 20 + 25 = 45 mm. From Table A-31, the nut height is H = 8.4 mm.
L ≥ l +H = 45 + 8.4 = 53.4 mm.
Round up to L = 55 mm Ans.
Eq. (8-14): LT = 2d + 6 = 2(10) + 6 = 26 mm
Table 8-7: ld = L  LT = 55  26 = 29 mm, lt = l ld = 45  29 = 16 mm
Ad = (102)/4 = 78.5 mm2, Table 8-1: At = 58.0 mm2
Eq. (8-17):
Ad At E 78.5  58.0  207
kb    320.8 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 78.5 16   58.0  29 
Members: Steel cyl. head: t = 20 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, E = 207 GPa. Eq. (8-20),
0.5774  207 10
k1   3503 MN/m
1.155  20   15  10  15  10 
1.155  20   15  10  15  10 
ln
Cast iron: Has two frusta. Midpoint of complete joint is at (20 + 25)/2 = 22.5 mm
Upper frustum, t = 22.5  20 = 2.5 mm, d = 10 mm,
D = 15 + 2(20) tan 30 = 38.09 mm, E = 100 GPa (from Table 8-8),
Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 45 880 MN/m
Lower frustum, t = 22.5 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, E = 100 GPa

Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 1632 MN/m
Eq. (8-18): km = (1/3503 + 1/45 880 + 1/1632)1 = 1087 MN/m
C = kb / (kb + km) = 320.8/(320.8+1087) = 0.228
Table 8-11: Sp = 830 MPa

Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(58.0)(830)103 = 36.1 kN
on the effective sealing diameter of 0.8 m. The external load per bolt is P = Ptotal /N. Thus,
P = [550 (0.82)/4]/36 = 7.679 kN/bolt

S p At 830  58.0 103

np    1.27
CP  Fi 0.228  7.679   36.1
Ans.

S p At  Fi 830  58.0 103  36.1
nL    6.88 Ans.
CP 0.228  7.679 
Fi 36.1
n0    6.09
P 1  C  7.679 1  0.228 
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-36
Bolts: Grip, l = 3/8 + 1/2 = 0.875 in. From Table A-31, the nut height is H = 3/8 in.
L ≥ l + H = 0.875 + 3/8 = 1.25 in.
Let L = 1.25 in Ans.
Eq. (8-13): LT = 2d + 0.25 = 2(7/16) + 0.25 = 1.125 in
Table 8-7: ld = L  LT = 1.25  1.125 = 0.125 in, lt = l ld = 0.875  0.125 =
0.75 in
Ad =  (7/16)2/4 = 0.150 3 in2, Table 8-2: At = 0.106 3 in2
Eq. (8-17),
Ad At E 0.150 3  0.106 3  30
kb    3.804 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.150 3  0.75   0.106 3  0.125 
Members: Steel cyl. head: t = 0.375 in, d = 0.4375 in, D = 0.65625 in, E = 30 Mpsi. Eq.
(8-20),
0.5774  30  0.4375
k1   31.40 Mlbf/in
1.155  0.375   0.65625  0.4375   0.65625  0.4375 
1.155  0.375   0.65625  0.4375   0.65625  0.4375 
ln
Cast iron: Has two frusta. Midpoint of complete joint is at (3/8 + 1/2)/2 =
0.4375 in.
Upper frustum, t = 0.4375 0.375 = 0.0625 in, d = 0.4375 in,
D = 0.65625 + 2(0.375) tan 30 = 1.089 in, E = 14.5 Mpsi (from Table
8-8)
Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 195.5 Mlbf/in
Lower frustum, t = 0.4375 in, d = 0.4375 in, D = 0.65625 in, E = 14.5
Mpsi
Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 14.08 Mlbf/in
Eq. (8-18): km = (1/31.40 + 1/195.5 + 1/14.08)1 = 9.261 Mlbf/in
C = kb / (kb + km) = 3.804/(3.804 + 9.261) = 0.291
Table 8-9: Sp = 120 kpsi

Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(0.106 3)(120) = 9.57 kips
on the effective sealing diameter of 3.25 in. The external load per bolt is P = Ptotal /N.
Thus,
P = [1 200 (3.252)/4](103)/8 = 1.244 kips/bolt
S p At 120  0.106 3
np    1.28
CP  Fi 0.2911.244   9.57
Ans.

S p At  Fi 120  0.106 3  9.57
nL    8.80 Ans.
CP 0.2911.244 
Fi 9.57
n0    10.9
P 1  C  1.244 1  0.291
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-37
From Table 8-7, h = t1 = 20 mm
For t2 > d, l = h + d /2 = 20 + 12/2 = 26 mm
L ≥ h + 1.5 d = 20 + 1.5(12) = 38 mm. Round up to L = 40 mm
LT = 2d + 6 = 2(12) + 6 = 30 mm
ld = L  LT = 40  20 = 10 mm
lt = l  ld = 26  10 = 16 mm
From Table 8-1, At = 84.3 mm2. Ad =  (122)/4 = 113.1 mm2
Eq. (8-17),
Ad At E 113.1 84.3 207
kb    744.0 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 113.1 16   84.3 10 
Similar to Fig. 8-23, we have three frusta.
Top frusta, steel: t = l / 2 = 13 mm, d = 12 mm, D = 18 mm, E = 207 GPa. Eq. (8-20)
0.5774  207 12

k1   5 316 MN/m
1.155 13  18  12  18  12 
ln 
1.155 13  18  12 18  12 
Middle frusta, steel: t = 20  13 = 7 mm, d = 12 mm, D = 18 + 2(13  7) tan 30 = 24.93

mm, E = 207 GPa. Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 15 660 MN/m
Lower frusta, cast iron: t = 26  20 = 6 mm, d = 12 mm, D = 18 mm, E = 100 GPa (see
Table 8-8). Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 3 887 MN/m
Eq. (8-18), km = (1/5 316 + 1/15 660 + 1/3 887)1 = 1 964 MN/m

C = kb / (kb + km) = 744.0/(744.0 + 1 964) = 0.275
Table 8-11: Sp = 650 MPa. For a non-permanent connection, using Eqs. (8-31) and (8-32)
Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(84.3)(650)103 = 41.1 kN
on the effective sealing diameter of 100 mm. The external load per bolt is P = Ptotal /N.
Thus
P = [6 (1002)/4](103)/10 = 4.712 kN/bolt
Yielding factor of safety, Eq. (8-28)

S p At 650  84.310 3
np    1.29
CP  Fi 0.275  4.712   41.1
Ans.
Overload factor of safety, Eq. (8-29)

S p At  Fi 650  84.310 3  41.1
nL    10.7
0.275  4.712 
Ans.
CP
Separation factor of safety, Eq. (8-30)
Fi 41.1
n0    12.0
P 1  C  4.712 1  0.275
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-38
From Table 8-7, h = t1 = 0.5 in
For t2 > d, l = h + d /2 = 0.5 + 0.5/2 = 0.75 in
L ≥ h + 1.5 d = 0.5 + 1.5(0.5) = 1.25 in. Let L = 1.25 in
LT = 2d + 0.25 = 2(0.5) + 0.25 = 1.25 in. All threaded.
From Table 8-1, At = 0.141 9 in2. The bolt stiffness is kb = At E / l = 0.141 9(30)/0.75 =
5.676 Mlbf/in
Top frusta, steel: t = l / 2 = 0.375 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, E = 30 Mpsi
0.5774  30  0.5
k1   38.45 Mlbf/in
1.155  0.375   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
1.155  0.375   0.75  0.5  0.75  0.5 
ln
Middle frusta, steel: t = 0.5  0.375 = 0.125 in, d = 0.5 in,

D = 0.75 + 2(0.75  0.5) tan 30 = 1.039 in, E = 30 Mpsi.
Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 184.3 Mlbf/in
Lower frusta, cast iron: t = 0.75  0.5 = 0.25 in, d = 0.5 in, D = 0.75 in, E = 14.5 Mpsi.
Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 23.49 Mlbf/in
Eq. (8-18), km = (1/38.45 + 1/184.3 + 1/23.49)1 = 13.51 Mlbf/in
C = kb / (kb + km) = 5.676 / (5.676 + 13.51) = 0.296
Table 8-9, Sp = 85 kpsi. For a non-permanent connection, using Eqs. (8-31) and (8-32)
Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(0.141 9)(85) = 9.05 kips

on the effective sealing diameter of 3.5 in. The external load per bolt is P = Ptotal /N. Thus
P = [1 500 (3.52)/4](103)/10 = 1.443 kips/bolt
S p At 85  0.141 9 
np    1.27
CP  Fi 0.296 1.443  9.05
Ans.

S p At  Fi 85  0.141 9   9.05
nL    7.05
0.296 1.443
Ans.
CP
Fi 9.05
n0    8.91
P 1  C  1.443 1  0.296 
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-39
From Table 8-7, h = t1 = 20 mm
For t2 > d, l = h + d /2 = 20 + 10/2 = 25 mm
L ≥ h + 1.5 d = 20 + 1.5(10) = 35 mm. Let L = 35 mm
LT = 2d + 6 = 2(10) + 6 = 26 mm
ld = L  LT = 35  26 = 9 mm
lt = l  ld = 25  9 = 16 mm
From Table 8-1, At = 58.0 mm2. Ad =  (102)/4 = 78.5 mm2

Eq. (8-17),
Ad At E 78.5  58.0  207
kb    530.1 MN/m
Ad lt  At ld 78.5 16   58.0  9 
Top frusta, steel: t = l / 2 = 12.5 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, E = 207 GPa. Eq. (8-20)
0.5774  207 10
k1   4 163 MN/m
1.155 12.5   15  10  15  10 
1.155 12.5   15  10  15  10 
ln
Middle frusta, steel: t = 20  12.5 = 7.5 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 + 2(12.5  7.5) tan 30 =
20.77 mm, E = 207 GPa. Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 10 975 MN/m
Lower frusta, cast iron: t = 25  20 = 5 mm, d = 10 mm, D = 15 mm, E = 100 GPa (see
Table 8-8). Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 3 239 MN/m
Eq. (8-18), km = (1/4 163 + 1/10 975 + 1/3 239)1 = 1 562 MN/m
C = kb / (kb + km) = 530.1/(530.1 + 1 562) = 0.253
Table 8-11: Sp = 830 MPa. For a non-permanent connection, using Eqs. (8-31) and (8-32)
Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(58.0)(830)103 = 36.1 kN
on the effective sealing diameter of 0.8 m. The external load per bolt is P = Ptotal /N. Thus

P = [550 (0.82)/4]/36 = 7.679 kN/bolt
S p At 830  58.0 10 3
np    1.27
CP  Fi 0.253  7.679   36.1
Ans.

S p At  Fi 830  58.0 103  36.1
nL    6.20
0.253  7.679 
Ans.
CP
Fi 36.1
n0    6.29
P 1  C  7.679 1  0.253
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-40
From Table 8-7, h = t1 = 0.375 in
For t2 > d, l = h + d /2 = 0.375 + 0.4375/2 = 0.59375 in
L ≥ h + 1.5 d = 0.375 + 1.5(0.4375) = 1.031 in. Round up to L = 1.25 in
LT = 2d + 0.25 = 2(0.4375) + 0.25 = 1.125 in
ld = L  LT = 1.25  1.125 = 0.125
lt = l  ld = 0.59375  0.125 = 0.46875 in
Ad =  (7/16)2/4 = 0.150 3 in2, Table 8-2: At = 0.106 3 in2
Eq. (8-17),
Ad At E 0.150 3  0.106 3  30
kb    5.724 Mlbf/in
Ad lt  At ld 0.150 3  0.46875   0.106 3  0.125 
Top frusta, steel: t = l / 2 = 0.296875 in, d = 0.4375 in, D = 0.65625 in, E = 30 Mpsi
0.5774  30  0.4375
k1   35.52 Mlbf/in
1.155  0.296875   0.656255  0.4375   0.75  0.656255 
1.155  0.296875   0.75  0.656255   0.75  0.656255 
ln
Middle frusta, steel: t = 0.375  0.296875 = 0.078125 in, d = 0.4375 in,

D = 0.65625 + 2(0.59375  0.375) tan 30 = 0.9088 in, E = 30 Mpsi.
Eq. (8-20)  k2 = 215.8 Mlbf/in
Lower frusta, cast iron: t = 0.59375  0.375 = 0.21875 in, d = 0.4375 in, D = 0.65625 in,
E = 14.5 Mpsi. Eq. (8-20)  k3 = 20.55 Mlbf/in
Eq. (8-18), km = (1/35.52 + 1/215.8 + 1/20.55)1 = 12.28 Mlbf/in
C = kb / (kb + km) = 5.724/(5.724 + 12.28) = 0.318
Table 8-9, Sp = 120 kpsi. For a non-permanent connection, using Eqs. (8-31) and (8-32)
Fi = 0.75 At Sp = 0.75(0.106 3)(120) = 9.57 kips

on the effective sealing diameter of 3.25 in. The external load per bolt is P = Ptotal /N.
Thus
P = [1 200 (3.252)/4](103)/8 = 1.244 kips/bolt

S p At 120  0.106 3
np    1.28
CP  Fi 0.318 1.244   9.57
Ans.

S p At  Fi 120  0.106 3  9.57
nL    8.05
0.318 1.244 
Ans.
CP
Fi 9.57
n0    11.3
P 1  C  1.244 1  0.318 
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
8-41
This is a design problem and there is no closed-form solution path or a unique solution.
What is presented here is one possible iterative approach. We will demonstrate this with
an example.
1. Select the diameter, d. For this example, let d = 10 mm. Using Eq. (8-20) on members,
and combining using Eq. (8-18), yields km = 1 141 MN/m (see Prob. 8-33 for method of
calculation.
2. Look up the nut height in Table A-31. For the example, H = 8.4 mm. From this, L is
rounded up from the calculation of l + H = 40 + 8.4 = 48.4 mm to 50 mm. Next,
calculations are made for LT = 2(10) + 6 = 26 mm, ld = 50  26 = 24 mm, lt = 40  24 = 16
mm. From step 1, Ad = (102)/4 = 78.54 mm2. Next, from Table 8-1, At = 78.54 mm2.
From Eq. (8-17), kb = 356 MN/m. Finally, from Eq. (f), Sec. 8-7, C = 0.238.
3. From Prob. 8-33, the bolt circle diameter is E = 200 mm. Substituting this for Db in Eq.
(8-34), the number of bolts are
 Db   200 
N   15.7
4d 4 10 
Rounding this up gives N = 16.
4. Next, select a grade bolt. Based on the solution to Prob. 8-33, the strength of ISO 9.8
was so high to give very large factors of safety for overload and separation. Try ISO 4.6
with Sp = 225 MPa. From Eqs. (8-31) and (8-32) for a non-permanent connection, Fi =
9.79 kN.

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Solutions of Shigleys Med 11Th Ed English Content 11Th Edition Richard G Budynas All Chapter

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Solutions of Shigley's MED 11th Ed.

(English content) 11th Edition Richard

10 + 0.8 P = 60 + 0.8 P  0.005 P 2

P 2 = 50/0.005  P = 100 parts Ans.

1-9 Max. load = 1.10 P

1-10 (a) X1 + X2:

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 1/12

1-11 (a) x1 = 7 = 2.645 751 311 1

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 2/12

Interpolating from Table (A-10)

N(0.2607) = 69 (0.3971) = 27.4  27 Ans.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 3/12

L 122.9 kcycles and sL  30.3 kcycles

x   x x10  L x10  122.9

Thus, x10 = 122.9 + 30.3 z10 = L10

From Table A-10, for 10 percent failure, z10 = 1.282. Thus,

L10 = 122.9 + 30.3(1.282) = 84.1 kcycles Ans.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 4/12

x0.01 = 98.26 + 4.30 z0.01

From Table A-10, z0.01 =  2.326. Thus

x0.01 = 98.26 + 4.30( 2.326) = 88.3 kpsi Ans.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 5/12

For R = 0.99, from Table A-10, z =  2.326.

Solving for d gives

1-19 Obtain the coefficients of variance for stress and strength

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 6/12

R = 1  0.0534 = 0.9466 Ans.

R = 1  0.00015645 = 0.9998 Ans.

 max   max   a   b  90  383  473 MPa

From footnote 9 of text,

ˆ max ˆ 23.83

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 7/12

From Table A-10, ( 1.635) = 0.05105

R = 1  0.05105 = 0.94895 = 94.9 percent Ans.

1-21 a = 1.500  0.001 in

d = 6.520 + 0.008 = 6.528 in Ans.

1-22 V = xyz, and x = a   a, y = b   b, z = c   c,

V  a a   b b   c c 

The higher order terms in  are negligible. Thus,

V bca  acb  abc

V bca  acb  abc a b c a b c

V 1.500  1.875 3.000 8.4375 in 3

V 0.002 0.003 0.004

V = 8.4375  0.0360 in3 Ans.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 8/12

wmax = 0.05 in, wmin = 0.004 in

tw = t all  0.023 = ta + 0.002 + 0.005  ta = 0.016 in

Thus, a = 1.569  0.016 in Ans.

Do Di  2d 3.734  2  0.139  4.012 in

t Do  tall 0.028  2  0.004  0.036 in

Do = 4.012  0.036 in Ans.

Do Di  2d 9.19  2  2.62  14.43 mm

t Do  tall 0.13  2  0.08  0.29 mm

Do = 14.43  0.29 mm Ans.

Do Di  2d 34.52  2  3.53 41.58 mm

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 1 Solutions, Page 9/12

Do = 41.58  0.50 mm Ans.

Do Di  2d 5.237  2  0.103 5.443 in

tDo  tall 0.035  2  0.003 0.041 in

Do = 5.443  0.041 in Ans.

Do Di  2d 1.100  2  0.210  1.520 in

t Do  tall 0.012  2  0.005  0.022 in

Do = 1.520  0.022 in Ans.