Northern Technical University

Technical College of Kirkuk

Computer Technology Engineering Department

Physics -second course

by :
Arkan Raoof Ismael

2023-2024

ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
 1- Electric Field
Electric field is defined as the electric force per unit charge, is a vector field
because. The direction of the field is taken to be the direction of the force it would
exert on a positive test charge.
1- The electric force is a field force.
2- Field forces can act through space, producing effect even with no physical
contact between interacting objects.
3- An electric field is said to exist in the region of space around a charged
object.
4- When another charged object (test charge), enters this electric field, an
electric force acts on it.
5- The electric field is defined as the electric force on the test charge per unit
charge.
The electric field vector E at a point in space is defined as the electric force F
acting on a positive test charge q0 placed at that point divided by the test charge:

Note that E is the field produced by some charge or charge distribution separate
from the test charge; it is not the field produced by the test charge itself.
Also, note that the existence of an electric field is a property of the source charge;
the presence of the test charge is not necessary for the field to exist.
- The test charge serves as a detector of the field.

ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
 - The direction of E is that of the force on a positive test charge.
- We can also say that an electric field exists at a point if a test charge at that
point experiences an electric force.
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2- Relationship between F and E

Equation 1 can be rearranged as

This equation gives us the force on a charged particle placed

in an electric field.

3- Electric Field Direction

a) If q is positive, then the force on the test charge is directed away from q.

ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
b) The direction of the electric field at P points is also away from the positive
source charge.

c) If q is negative, then the force on the test charge is directed toward q.

d) The electric field at P points is also toward the negative source charge

ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
Electric Field, Vector Form According to Coulomb’s law, the force exerted by
source charge q on the test charge qo, can be expressed as: where rˆ is a unit vector
directed from q toward qo. The electric field at P, the position of the test charge is
defined by (E = Fe / qo):

4. The electric field lines for a point charge

a) The electric field lines for a Positive Point Charge
- The field lines radiate outward in all directions.
- In three dimensions, the distribution is spherical.
- The lines are directed away from the source charge.
- A positive test charge would be repelled away from the positive source charge.

ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
b) The electric field lines for a Negative Point Charge
- The field lines radiate inward in all directions.
- In three dimensions, the distribution is spherical.
- The lines are directed toward the source charge.
- A positive test charge would be attracted toward

the negative source charge.

ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
Ex.1
In the fig shown below find electric field at point A and B

25cm
10cm 10cm

E2 E1 E2
E1
B
- A
-
q1=-6.25nC q2=-12.5nC
EB EA

Sol:

EA=E1+E2
𝒒
E1=k i
(𝒓)𝟐

𝑞1 6.25∗10−9
E1= -k 2
i= -9*109 = -2500 N/C
(𝑟) (0.15)2
𝑞2 −9
9 12.5∗10
E2= k i= 9*10 i= 11250 N/C
(𝑟)2 (0.1)2

EA = -2500 N/C(i) + 11250 N/C (i) = 8750N/C (i) rightward

EB=E1+E2
6.25∗10−9
E1=-9*109 i = 5625N/C
(0.1)2
−9
9 12.5∗10
E2=-9*10 i = 918.4N/C
(0.35)2

EB= 5625N/C(i) + 918.4N/C(i) = 6543 N/C(i) rightward

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ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
Ex.2
Calculate the resultant electric field at point p resulting from the three charges, as
shown in the figure

Sol:

ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
Ex.3
Find the resultant electric field at point P shown in the figure below when the
q=1*10-7C and r=5cm.

Sol.

(0.07)2

ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1
ꚀꓤkꚀȠ……2023-2024…………………… 物理 1