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 Mao Tse-tung

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

● Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Communist Party

● Mao’s position in the People’s Republic of China
● Hundred Flowers Campaign
● The Great Leap Forward
● Great Chinese Famine
● Mao’s position in 1962
● Mao’s Personality Cult
● Cultural Revolution
● Conditions of China at Mao's death

Let’s know more about

FACT FILE
Mao Tse-tung!

Mao Tse-tung Mao Tse-tung propaganda poster

Mao Tse-tung was a Chinese Marxist theorist, statesman and

revolutionary who became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party
from 1949 until his death in 1976 and founder and chairman of the
People’s Republic of China (PRC) from 1949 to 1959. His philosophical
ideas mainly centered on nationalism, feminism, traditional Chinese
philosophy and Marxism, which would later on be collectively termed as
Maoism and seen in the programmes of the CCP.
 Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Communist Party

After the May Fourth Movement in 1919, At the time of the

anarchist and Marxist ideas started to founding of the CCP,
spread widely in China, resulting in the China was still a divided
establishment of the Chinese and backward country
Communist Party (CCP or CPC) in 1921. ruled by power-greedy
Since the establishment of the Republic warlords. Because of
of China, the party has been in sole constant wars with other
control of the Chinese government. factions, each warlord
tried to receive foreign
help, which resulted in
foreign powers
territorially and
economically within
China. The intellectuals
who founded the CCP
believed that Marxism
would unite, strengthen
and modernise China.
Chinese Communist Party flag

In 1934, Chiang Kai-shek led a massive campaign against the CCP

which forced the latter to escape towards the north. This event was
eventually known as the Long March. In the Long March, the Red Army
comprised 100,000 soldiers covering 10,000km until they reached
Shaanxi by 1935. It is said that 95,000 soldiers died and this is the
period where Mao Tse-tung gained leadership of the Red Army.

Mao Tse-tung was born on 26

December 1893 in Shaoshan village,
Hunan Province, China, to a poor
peasant family. He was a staunch
supporter of anti-imperialism in
China. While working at Peking
University, he adopted
Marxism-Leninism and became a
Overview map of the route of the Long March
founding member of the CCP in 1911.
 THINK ABOUT THIS! ACTIVITIES FOR AGES 11-14

TRUE OR FALSE. Read each statement and identify if they are true or
1 false.

a. At the time of the founding of the CCP, China was still a divided
and backward country ruled by power-greedy warlords.
b. Mao Tse-tung was born on 26 December 1893 in Shaoshan
village, Hunan Province, China, to a rich family.
c. The majority of the population of China during Mao’s era were
peasants and so the government prioritised them.
d. The main goal of the Hundred Flowers Campaign was to rival
Western industries, specifically the UK and the US.
e. With the disastrous outcome of the Great Leap Forward, Mao
Tse-tung’s fame declined and administrative reforms occurred in
the CCP.

Note: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer where necessary
 THINK ABOUT THIS! ACTIVITIES FOR AGES 14-16

EXPOUND. The fanaticism towards Mao Tse-tung fuelled the Cult of

1 Mao. From the text below, explain Mao’s attitude towards cultism.

SOURCE A: “Personality cults were “healthy”, Mao said, provided they

worshipped great leaders rather than false ones. “There are two types
of personality cults,” Mao said at a party conference in 1958. “One is the
correct type. Worshipping Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin is correct
because truth is held in their hands. The other type is incorrect… The
second type opposes worshipping other people but demands that
others worship him.” - Alphahistory “The cult of Mao”
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