scn001 0 YACHAY 2 Sitnttascences ‘AND ChGInEERING UNIVERSITY YACHAY TECH SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING APPLICATION OF MATERIALS Name: Marfa Daniela Palma Loor Dati Semester: 8th Chemistry May 22, 2023 :UC3 Theme: Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations of Metal Alloys HOMEWORK N° 5. 1, The microstructure of a copper-silver alloy at 775°C (1425°F) consists of primary a and eutectic structures. If the mass fractions of these two microconstituents are 0.73 and 0.27, respectively, determine the composition of the alloy. Phases = «AG G omnes Cg waco = 0 Wereche = 0.24 2000 Ceutecke= #44 so c:. 8.0 i. a i =| 00 rey ; cangston it Fa Fier 9. The errs dag [est ey Pe are Si el. Mei Cri Weta aca at) Was Ceuteche - Co Wa (Ce - Cx) = Ce -Co leche = Cectecke - Cu Co = Ce - Wale + Wace Oss He: SO Co = 74.4-033( 41.4) + 0.9318.0) Yachay Tech University 1UNIVERSIDAD sscnoot oF YACHAY enemeat sciences. TECH ‘AnD ENGINEERING 2. A magnesium-lead alloy is cooled from 600°C to 450°C and is found to consist of primary Mg, Pb and eutectic microconstituents. If the mass fraction of the eutectic microconstituent is 0.28 , deter- mine thé alloy composition. bo Wevrecke= O 28 Ce= 6? wiI% Po 4 Cos BIwts/orn © a Poi Gig Figure 9.20 The mupncsumcad pase dusran. Ce [Adel low Phe Diagrams of Binary Maynenar Ally A.A Nayeh Habeas aed} WC [dine Reprtedny pettus of ASM letermuinal, Maral Part, | Wetecke = Cor - Co We (Cer -Ce) = Ca -Co Te = Ce Co= Ces - Weer *Wele © 28 BI -ICol Coz Q\- 0.28181) + 0.28(69) ‘Yachay Tech University 2UNIVERSIDAD a YACHAY Bremen sciences enG TECH AND woe 3. Fora 64 wt% Zn-36 wt% Cu alloy, make schematic sketches of the microstructure that would be observed for conditions of very slow cooling at the following temperatures: 900% (1650°F )/820°%O (1510°F) 750° (1380°F), and’600°G)(1100°F). Label all phases and indicate their approximate compositions. (mesic P42 i 10 eo i * canteen) ONT? Figure 9.19. Thecopper-rine phase diagram [Atte im Biny Alm Phe Dyan 2nd cto, Ve. 2.7.B, Mama Edis Ct. 198. Ree ty pemindon of ASM {iran Meri Park OF] “Fo0"o =e @#8=©4266soord! Z Le -~6BWi%o%n FH = CUWL HI B= Guwt % Bo GY WA en = "03u\hb to Yachay Tech University 32 ‘scoot or | wo Enatweenine, 4, For a. 76 wt% Pb-24 wt% Mg alloy, make schematic sketches of the microstructure that would be observed for conditions of very slow cooling at the following temperatures: 575°C (1070°F), 500°C (930°F), 450°C (840°F), and 300°C (570°F). Label all phases and indicate their approximate com- positions, ° ‘ 2 » oo nw T T Tm roof 2 a { 1 1 il NW Fa cy 708 Te We Cerezo a Fe es Figure 9.20 The mpncsum-Kead phase dugram. [Adapted fom Phe Drapes of inary Mapeewam Allye AA Naqsh Haber: ed} Cask [ton 18K Repeated hy potmasng of ASM Inernaoea, Maser Pare OH | QE % Le Tewi%e Po Lz 7A wre Pb X= UOut%e Pb Kz wlio Po # Mg Pv= Bt wt% Pb Nga Pb: Blwi Plo Hyg Po = 18 w/o Py Yachay Tech UniversityYACHAY QD | Sees [AND ENGINEERING. 5. What is the principal difference between congruent and incongruent phase transformations? The principal difference between congruent and incongruent phase transformations is that for con- gruent no compositional changes occur with any of the phases that are involved in the transforma- tion, For incongruent there will be compositional alterations of the phases. 6, Figure 9.36 (Callister, 9th ed.) is the tin-gold phase diagram, for which only single-phase regions are labeled, Specify temperature-composition points at which all @itecticg Buitectoidsyperitectics; and congruent phase transformations occur, Also, for each, write the reaction upon cooling. ed: Prise ALGO Butecke Phuse” 1000] A -Thee ave Zevtectcs onthsed The ceuckun vpon cooly 1S Laath t The euckin upun coolag, 19, 600] lL 5te Terperatur Thee ce wo? preset Figure 9.36 The tin-gold phase diagram. Renteches Phesé eels aE . Thee tad congived phuse Wee ow 3 pectecks meeliy pot at G2et%e Rul 4) 38 wi% Sn al MLO°e Fecckin UPLN Cooley VD" L44>58 Hs fecckr upen cooling 5 Los DAS WN% Pu = Soute/oB ~ 300°C The reece pus Cookng 1S Ltaey 3) Pw eoA. “tha (ecchis UPUN cootrngy 5 * LENG Yachay Tech University 5 © () tout fe hu = GOwt fe Sn 210°C © 2) BOWI% Ru = 2OUt% OM / DVOYACHAY | Seton 7. Consider 1.5 kg of a 99.7 wt% Fe-0.3 wt% C alloy that is cooled to a temperature just below the eutectoid. Ce Oneursc “E Co = OB wt Fl su Cx= 0.0L WG, a “ne @ Saou pees rte a age (pi yy age eon nc Rt prin @) How many kilograms of proeutectoid ferrite form? Wa=Ce-Co 2 00-3 =~ 0,623 Co - Cx O76 -0.0R The muss of proevicclord Ferre wll be mas 4.s(o,ers) RMSE b) How many kilograms of eutectoid ferrite form? Wa: Cre -Co 2 670-93 = 0,958 fe = Se ee Cac -Ge 6,FO = O,O%L The moss of feuste will be? Me = Maatlou, (Led) Mea = 1,9(0,.4S8) Ma = 4U39 Ky > totcl fente » &4FesC phuse ©) How many kilograms of cementite form? W Feac 2 Cu- Co O,0R - 93 = oo — = 0,041 Ca-Cresc O,021- 619 “The moss 8 0.081 1SK « 908 He ‘Yachay Tech UniversityYACHAY Se ad zs TECH ‘Ano enarweenine. 8) a)Rewrite the expression for the total free energy change for nucleation (Equation 10.1, Callister 9th ed.) for the case of a cubic nucleus of edge length a (instead of a sphere of radius r). Now differentiate this expression with respect to a (per Equation 10.2, Callister 9th ed.) and solve for both the critical cube edge length, a*, and G*. The volume of sub au cube wads 1s @) wheeas the total surface avea 1s Gar Csaco thee ae sx foes cock of whch hed an crea of a2), Thus, the oxpession fur B65. DG= @ bby + Gary ADG - Aide), ACec’y) da da da = Bat B6v + Alay The, Ba? O6y +42ey =O and Ina solve er aC=a*), which gives aX = -“y a Subshthica of ths expressen for a inthe chore cxpessin {UV De yelds ancquatin fur BEX as AGY = Cat)3 DGv +6(a\y * (a)? Oo 8 oy Gee = 32) 3 ( bévy Yachay Tech University 7YACHAY | Qos TECH ‘Ano enciwecrine. b) Is G" greater for a cube or a sphere? Why? BG te a coe ss 37 7 dhs mous that 19 (ow) ayecte hed fa a sprae thed 1s (= lee | (46.8) ee i te seesun is that svifece Jo volume cak’o ot o cube 13 dyoates then fr a sphee 9. The kinetics of the austenite-to-pearlite transformation obeys the Avrami relationship. Using the fraction transformed-time data given here, determine the total time required for 95% of the austenite to transform to pearlite: Fraction Transformed Time (s) 02 280 06 428 ye b- exp (-kir) ene (Wah) = 1-y ~eh% = dn Uy) wEM = - fn 4) keene Jo (+ ) aa Dok + w Int « An F On (ZY) Now, va, volves ced bo dhe pecdsteen Sletemot) He too. equa are A) aaa 2 } = ba nbn (280s) a 6,2, 2 fof Lo (Ad): far. +0 On (42S) Yachay Tech University 8YACHAY QD Blene TECH ‘an enerve Bring ® 2, obtan 3) -4S0= Onk + n(s, 63) 4) - Q,0@ = fak +n (6,05) Tha metch 30 ~4,S0- (35/63) = -0,04 ~n(6,0S) : - 4,50 4+ 0,04= -n( 6,08) + AS, 63) 4Fajure + oan one 3/36! Replucag n ie 3, we obtain - 2,802 dak 45,63) -450 -n(S,63)2 tak @- 450+ n(Si63) zk Now thet we dion the vulued of kK God yn t™ = -an Uy) 2 VP Aearuy ra K 4 b Yachay Tech University 9scnoot oF Gnemieal sciences 10. Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron-carbon alloy of eutectoid composition (Figure 10.22 , Callister 9 th ed.), specify the nature of the final microstructure (in terms of mi- croconstituents present and approximate percentages of each) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time-temperature treatments. In each case assume that the specimen be- gins at 760°C (1400°F) and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure. 800 T, T T T _-— Eutectoid temperature] 1400 —« 700 1200 600 1000 «500 c £ & g 2 2 800 2 3 ® i 400: 2 : 5 sun 600 200;— 50% M(50%) MEA ee -M(90%) 4 a —| 200 . i ! | ! Ey 10? 1 10 10? 10? 0 08 Time (s) 1; Figure 10.22 The complete isothermal transformation diagram for an iron-carbon alloy of eutectotd composition: ‘Aaustenite; B, bainite; M, martensite; P, pearite. ‘Yachay Tech University 10YACHAY a TEC ‘AnD ENGINEERING ) Cool rapidly to 350°C (660°F), hold for 10° s, then quench to room temperature. 100% Banie b) Rapidly cool to 625°C (1160°F), hold for 10s, then quench to room temperature. 50% redium peailile and SO% mostens-te ©) Rapidly cool to 600°C (1110°F), hold for 4 s, rapidly cool to 450°C (840°F), hold for 10 s, then quench to room temperature. 50% fue poole, 25% buare, cad 75%/o maikasic d) Reheat the specimen in part (c) to 700°C (1290°F) for 20 h. 20% sprecordhe e) Rapidly cool to 300°C (570°F), hold for 20 s, then quench to room temperature in water. Reheat to 425°C (800°F) for 103 s and slowly cool to room temperature. 100% kepeed meiters te JS) Cool rapidly to 665°C (1230°F), hold for 10° s, then quench to room temperature. 100 Mo CONSE PCG \HE 9) Rapidly cool to 575°C (1065°F), hold for 20 s, rapidty cool to 350°C (660°F), hold for 100 s, then quench to room temperature. 100%s foc peatie h) Rapidly cool to 350°C (660°F), hold for 150 s, then quench to room temperature. 50% loawale ond 59% moiirs-be References [1] Callister, W. D, & Rethwisch, D. G. (2013). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. From PDF. Yachay Tech University u