SAVITRI HOSPITAL AND PARAMEDICAL INSTITUTE

LESSON PLAN ON

COPD ( chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

SUBMITTED ON- 13 /09/2023

General information
NAME OF THE TEACHER: Mrs Amrita Pathak
COURSE: B.Sc (III) SEMESTER
COLLEGE: Savitri hospital and paramedical institute
NAME OF THE SUBJECT: Medical Surgical Nursing

NAME OF THE TOPIC: COPD ( chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

GROUP:
TIME: 45 min
METHODS OF TEACHING: Lecture Cum Discussion

A.V AIDS USED: White Board, Handout, Pamphlets, and Leaflet.

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: Students have some knowledge regarding Health and It's Concept.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
At the end of class, the students will gain knowledge regarding health and it's Concepts.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the teaching programme the nursing students will be able to-
• Definition of COPD

• highlights couses of COPD

• explain pathophysiology of copd
• enuumurate Sing and symptoms of copd
• elaborate diagnostic evaluation of copd
• illustrate the management of copd

• Complications

S. Time Specific Content Teaching Av aids Evaluation

no objective learning activity

Introduction

COPD is an chronic pulmonary disease that causes

major impact on daily living of the patients and can
be to fatal for survival

Definition
COPD is & collection of diseases that cause airflow
obstruction and breathing problems. Emphysema and
chronie bronchitis are some of its examples.

Causes

Majority of COPD patients are at least 40 years old

and have a smoking history. COPD can be caused by
cigarette smoke, cigar smoke, pipe smoke, and
secondhand smoke. If the person smokes and have
asthma, he/she may have the higher chances of
developing COPD.

Signs and Symptoms

COPD symptoms do not normally develop until there

has been a lot of lung damage, and they usually get
worse with time, especially if the person keeps on
smoking. COPD can

cause the following signs and symptoms: 1) Shortness

of breath, especially during physical activities

2) Wheezing

3) Chest tightness

4) A chronic cough that produces clear, white, yellow,

or greenish mucus (sputum)

5) Respiratory infections on a regular basis

6) Lack of energy

7) Unintended weight loss (in later stages)

8) Swollen ankles, foot, or leg

9) Exacerbations, (episodes in which the symptoms

worsen beyond the normal day-to-day variance and
last for at least several days).

Diagnosis

The doctor may use a stethoscope to listen to the

lungs as the patient breathes during the physical
exam.

The doctor may also conduct some of the following

tests to gain complete information:

1) Spirometry: It is a non-invasive test for determining

lung functioning. In this method, the patient is asked
to take a deep breath and then blow into a tube that
is connected to the spirometer.

done to get detailed images of the lungs, blood

arteries, and heart.
3) Arterial Blood Gas Test: In this test, blood sample is
taken from ade, and other measuring the blood
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other vital parameters.

These tests can reveal whether the patient has COPD

or any other condition, such as asthma, restrictive
lung diseare any heart failure.

Medical Management

Bronchodilators: These medications are inhaled to

help in the opening of airways.

2) Corticosteroids: These medications are inhaled or

taken as a pill to minimise inflammation in the lungs.
3) Combination Inhalers: Steroids and a
bronchodilator are paired in these inhalers.

4) Antibiotics: These are prescribed to treat bacterial

infections.

5) Roflumilast: This medication inhibits the PDE4

enzyme, and prevents flare-ups in patients whose
COPD is linked to chronic bronchitis.

6) Flu or Pneumonia Vaccines: These vaccines reduce

the risk for respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19.

7) Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Exercise, disease

management, and counselling are part of this
programme that helps the patient to stay healthy and
active.
8) Oxygen Therapy: This might be required to
alleviate shortness of breath, protect the organs, and
improve the overall lifestyle of the patient.

Surgical Management

If the patient is having severe COPD, in that case the

doctor may recommend:

1) Bullectomy: In this surgery, bullae (enormous air

space that emerge when air sacs collapse) are
removed.

2) Lung Volume Reduction Surgery: In this surgery,

the lung tissue that is diseased is removed.

3) Lung Transplant: In this surgery, the diseased lung

is replaced with a healthy one.

Nursing Management

Patient and family education is an important nursing

intervention for patients with any chronic pulmonary
condition who want to improve their self-
management.

1) Achieving Airway Clearance: i) The nurse should

use proper bronchodilators and

corticosteroids and be aware of any potential

adverse effects.

Direct or Controlled Coughing: She should advise the

patient on how to cough in a controlled or direct
manner, which is more effective and decreases
tiredness caused by uncontrolled coughing.

2) Enhancing Breathing Pattern:

i) Inspiratory Muscle Training: She should provide

inspiratory muscle training to the patient for
improving his/her breathing patterns.

ii) Diaphragmatic Breathing: She should be knowing

that diaphragmatic breathing lowers the respiratory
rate, promotes alveolar ventilation, and sometimes
aids in the expulsion of as much air as possible.

iii) Pursed-Lip Breathing: She should know that

pursed-lip breathing slows expiration, prevents minor
airway collapse, and regulates the rate and depth of
breathing.

3) Improving Activity Intolerance:

i) Manage Daily Activities: She should make sure that

the daily activities should be spaced out throughout
the day, and use supportive device to reduce energy
consumption.

ii) Exercise Training: She should explain the patient

that exercise training can assist in developing the
upper and lower extremity muscles as well as
increase exercise tolerance and endurance.

iii) Walking Aids: She should assist the patient in

walking to boost his/her activity levels and
ambulation.

4) Monitoring And Managing Potential Complications:

i) Monitor Cognitive Changes: She should keep an eye

out for cognitive changes like personality and
behaviour shifts, as well as memory loss.

ii) Monitor Pulse Oximetry Values: She should

monitor the pulse oximetry values to determine the
patient's oxygen needs and to deliver supplementary
oxygen (if needed),

iii) Prevent Infection: She should encourage the

patient to get inoculated against influenza and S.
pneumoniae because the patient is