‘cHapTER 9 METALS. 9.1 Properties of Metals. Physical properties Ductile (canbe stretched to form wires) ‘malleable (canbe bent and beaten into afferent shapes) Good conductors of electricity and heat Shiny High melting points and boiling points (except mercury and sodium) “High density (except sodium) strong fauLoWs lloy~a mare of metal slementsor metale with non-metal pure metalsare weak asthe layers of atoms side over each other easly. In alloy of 2 metals, they have different ses of atoms so this dstupts the| order tayer of atoms making it dificult for atoms to slide over luses of oy: Steel (ixtare of iron, tle carbon and trace elements) Brass (copper and zinc ~ tough and corrsive-esstant = Coin metas (copper with other metal eg. nickel) ~ tough, resistant ane] stand upto wear Uses of Staniess Steel san alloy of ron containing chromium or nickel. Is the most expensive way Lsppcations for: catleries ‘Medicalinstruments fer hospital operations itenen sinks Stee objects in chemical factories anol refineries9:2 React Soe eoction of Metal with Water Pata, Sodium, and Calum ea with co water to Form Mis} +2H01N>— MOM@a) + 46) Metal Water —» Meta Hyeroxie + Hyérogan Magnesium Zin, won rac wth team 29 for: Mis) #2H,04)—» MOK) * HA) etal inter Meta Oude «room ton does ot eat with water Copper and Gal ave no ean with water ante actos of Metal with ute hyochlone Ae Potasum, Sodium, Caldum, Magnesium, Zine and hon facts with de narochlorc acd orm: Ms) +2HCHae)->McKag) + HG) Metals Ad —» Meta Choi» Hyaogen zo eoes wa warm ysroduaneacslow'y Caper and Gol have ro eatin wth te hyroclr ci Displecement Reactions Dsaacement reactions the Ssplacement o as of metal Hom compounds of ‘metals ower in react sre by metas higher in retires. Eg Magnestan aplocs cope) corde gl) + CuCh(ag)-» Malan + Cah Foronsenaton, wes ser mapestum meta coated wth town copper meta ‘Dispacementis eto toms tanser leon to Cu ons oming Cu atoms Mal) > Mia) 2 (ce eg) +26 > Ce) iste i its es rt sear tl hgh crc coflosng bcos. Tha’ why when Mg placed in Kl no eaton cus ‘als Kc) > Ho eacbon 5 Daplocement fom meta oxides Metal tigherinreactity see deplacas cds of metalower in react seri. ‘When Ca buns with AO, Ca dslaces Ag to produce C20 and A. ae) + Ags)» C0) + 2h ‘Ts iscale hermit eaton ge amount hea produces eatin of Meta Ones with Carbon The fower te postion of metal in rect Series the easier for carton to remove ‘gen fom meta one by heating At higher poston, svonger eos eee CuO reas wen canbe reed by bunsen buns Tame temperate C1049 +s} -> Cus) + COLE) orn ei i i cet ods ey Fgh pert Reaction of Meta Oxides with Myerogen ‘The lover pestion of meta nreccouty eres, the eoserhysropan remove ongen rom metal nie by heating. At igh peiion stronger het needed P00 resctawith Mean be ediced by bunsen burner fame temperature Pots) ¢ a) PEs) + H.01) Decomposition of Meta Corboates Te lower postion of metolin react sees, the ase bydogen remove ongen {hom metal axis by heating A igh’ poston stronger heats needed CXC, eat compares ty heat often burner Same temperate (u004)-> Cus)» cose)193 aration of metal Metosfrom Rocks ‘Miners ~ ements compounds tht make up os ‘Meta oe oc cotaing eta ‘erating hese metas ‘Metal res ae removed from aoe The ores contain veil and unwanted materia, Unwanted mates te separated tobi concentrated ine curence of eas wera ors are compounds, sal 35: = Meta onder metal open, 6 ALO, Metal wsphides meta» spur MES Metal carbonates metal corbon + oxygen © MECOs east Reactive ~ eset to erat exacted by hse methods tee ecive~ hare to exact tan lat reac: by bit formas aly cc compounds of ones o shies ‘Most Reocve—hrdest oetract—strang bone comune — secomposing compounds with ee. ses of Metals “Techie of metlsover another depend on factor: “Physical properties. meting point, sient, densty, conductivity) 2 chemal properties eg ests arin) Roost ‘Some mprtont eto res: “he es of Some etal and Tir essons pes [teat eaters ‘nonton Wedewtanes | ancora ae ‘algun’ | unestoné [Grau earbonate—[ aco cee [tee ae gre [ wage [wages cre | WaCB, cove [erp | hone males etcorann ‘Aun —[sawete | Auroniomonde ALO, Tener ‘Shiny ad tract, verymaleble 2h anc blede_| anesuehie 8 old _| srorcie coating | Good rater othe an ign cm Haemate —| Hol oxide Feo Traum F SUPINE ATCSTET pur rong reat corsan aprerte | ony oxse | Feo. i spacecraft peneote! a caster [ TV ode 510, ‘cpl of Meas Lead Geter [eae supnide [Pas How much? [Tremcaare | PPE pie +] Cate “Ther ae many on onthe sutace bt copper antin ate serous duc conne Raa arb (cases) Taercny | rata [rary ue Hes \fyous97 you hae only mined the srfoce, hy don't you mine deeper for more? High temperatures and pressures and greater depth reas haar tha prevent Inning upto thelower gar of st altough there are more metas further downConservation of metals: Reyeing Use alternative materia to replace the wse of ron (eg. us of paste pipes instead of ran seo os bottles foro inks instead of lui) recy unused metas by making them to produce rew bleksofciean metal iow lien cra oo rejia? ecyg els consewving metal, spel aul such 2s gol and platioum, used compute arts procesea fo erat gold used for electrical ronars ot procestrs and memory chips ecying saves the cost of extracting new metas Recying benefits eminent eg there ina car wasteland t causes cyeare i Problems with Reeying ‘etl sre eye fe costs cheaper than extraction. on x cheap metal ismore expensive to rey than to entract new ron Recycling metal can damage the envionment by smeting process which ses 9 lot of fe note ae Costto seperate metas trom unite high 4 sparat metas ly ishard ‘anspor costs for electing sap metal shigh eg trucks should be used People ar not nested posting ther uid materiale in rayesng be ‘ron sent from th on ore haat FO, tron is entrctd fromthe ide ina at race (est page) 300 #FA0,, 2Fey 4900.44 he mente decompose by het to fom elev side nd carbon oxide 62605, — C0n;, 690 y)ron are cntsins many inpuries cn, slur, phosphors, ec) Se, SO, reac with calcu onde to poss sg (atm sete Sng rane down tho] [ota ofthe furnce eating ontop of mote ton £20, 4510, €380,5, Molen won & sag tapped of sparta furnace Sogo road onstrction. Rotring equation, not al onl) erated wth carbon oly sl ane Fs)» 31) > 2el) +3601) ton made tam bast unace i goad: Iecontansimpurkies whch makes trite (cn breskeasiy) Incannot be bentorsretehes "Most oni converted ita ste wich san alo of ton an carbon wth sal amounts of other sements. Advantages fst: les strong and tough Iecan be bent ag stretched without saterne Making Sect Imgures of ens rertoves by towing onygen to mtn on to range te impuries eo ones. They are then combined wth Ca ad removed as lg + Carbon and other metals ae added cetan amount to mak tee “+ isswong ond gute maleable. Kus ocr bole, ships, aan nes 20d ard steei~isahecarbon te! wth tut 2%crbon + iienaser than lel an ies rales, ured to make tots Stale stel=iston wth arg amounts of chromium and nickel 11s har, shiny and oestrus. fe used to make caters, mela! Instrument and pipes in ceric nutes esting using ~corronion oon and steal ‘ust =brown sl product formed durngristing ust shyerted oi oxide Fs0,x,0 where water molecules aries Tubes * ‘stor few dys ony nal tube A rust Ths shows hat ar nd waters ned for rst n bles water, he rll does’ rust In 8 2s Bled water removes solved awh nC CaC kes so theres no water Conner factor» esoeasat Preventing Rusting Surface protection Serif protecton seo tales tea Surface Protection ~covers et with ayer of substance 2) Paint 2) Grease or ols help to beste) 3) Plastic 4) Meta Plating covering atl wt hia aye of another metal eg, ‘roms, sven) ‘Advantage ~These mths are heap except etl lath) ‘Dtadvantage— fhe ayer broken and water an reach metal trustSacrificial Protection {sto sacrifice more reactive metal to corede with water and ar by layering It over {ess reactive metal eg ron covered by magnesium. If layers broken, water & ae ‘reach underneath layer, overlying metal stil protect it ‘Applications 42). Galvanised ron ~ is tee! coated with zinc, usualy used on rots, 2) Protecting ships ~ blocks of zinc are attached to hulls corode instead of steel which isthe ship metal 3) Underground steel pipes — hese ore attsched to magnesium block using Ingulated copper cables. Magnesium corrodes frst than ste.