04-Functionaldependencies 2

student(sid,cid,room,grade,name,address)
sid cid room grade name address

123 15-445 GHC 6115 A Andy Pittsburgh
456 15-721 GHC 8102 B Tupac Los Angeles
789 15-445 GHC 6115 A Obama Chicago
012 15-445 GHC 6115 C Waka Flocka Atlanta
012 15-445 GHC 6115 C Waka Flocka Atlanta
→
→
student(sid,name,address) courses(sid,cid,grade)
sid name address sid cid grade
123 Andy Pittsburgh 123 15-415 A
456 Tupac Los Angeles 456 15-721 B
789 Obama Chicago 789 15-415 A
012 Waka Flocka Atlanta 012 15-415 C
789 15-721 A
rooms(cid,room)
cid room
15-415 GHC 6115
15-721 GHC 8102
X→Y
→ X
Y
R1(sid,name,address)
sid name address
→ X→Y ⇒ (t1[x]=t2[x] ⇒ t1[y]=t2[y]) 123 Andy Pittsburgh
t1 t2 X 456 Tupac Los Angeles
789 Obama Chicago
Y 012 Waka Flocka Atlanta
sid name address
→ X→Y ⇒ (t1[x]=t2[x] ⇒ t1[y]=t2[y]) 123 Andy Pittsburgh
t1 t2 X 456 Tupac Los Angeles
789 Obama Chicago
Y 012 Waka Flocka Atlanta
X Y
sid→name
sid name address
123 Andy Pittsburgh
456 Tupac Los Angeles
789 Obama Chicago
012 Waka Flocka Atlanta
555 Andy Providence
name→address
X→Y X→Z
X→YZ
XY→Z
X→Z Y→Z
FD1: sid → name
CREATE ASSERTION student-name

CHECK (NOT EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM students AS s1,
students AS s2
WHERE s1.sid = s2.sid
AND s1.name <> s2.name))
FD1: sid → name
FD2: sid → address
CREATE ASSERTION student-name-addr

CHECK (NOT EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM students AS s1,
students AS s2
WHERE s1.sid = s2.sid
AND ((s1.name <> s2.name
OR (s1.address <> s2.address)))
FD1: sid → name
CREATE TABLE students (

sid INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(32),
⋮
CONSTRAINT student_name CHECK (name)
DETERMINED BY (sid)
);
→
012 15-445 GHC 6115 A Waka Flocka Atlanta
sid → name,address sid,cid → grade

sid,cid → grade sid,cid → sid
sid,cid → cid
{f1,…,fn}
g
→
→ X ⊇ Y ⇒ X→Y → (X→Y) ∧ (X→Z) ⇒ X→YZ
→ X→Y ⇒ XZ→YZ → X→YZ ⇒ (X→Y) ∧ (X→Z)
→ (X→Y) ∧ (Y→Z) ⇒ X→Z → (X→Y) ∧ (YW→Z) ⇒ XW→Z

F {f1,…,fn}
F+
sid,cid → grade
F sid → name,address
F {f1,…,fn}
F+
sid,cid → grade
F sid → name,address
sid,name → sid
sid → name
sid → address F+
sid,grade → name,grade
sid,cid → grade,name
⋮
→ X X+
X→A
X→A
→ X+
→ A∊X+
→
INSERT UPDATE
DELETE
F {f1,…,fn}
Fc
sid,cid → grade
sid → name,address F c
F sid,name → name,address
sid,cid → grade,name
Fc
X→Y
Fc
F Fc=F
Fc
F
→
X→Y
→
F: F 1:
AB → C (1) AB → C (1)
A → BC (2) A → B (2’)
B → C (3) A → C (2’’)
A → B (4) B → C (3)
A → B (4)
F1: F 2:
AB → C (1) AB → C (1)
A → B (2’) A → C (2’’)
A → C (2’’) B → C (3)
B → C (3) A → B (4)
A → B (4)
F2: F 3:
AB → C (1) AB → C (1)
A → C (2’’) B → C (3)
B → C (3) A → B (4)
A → B (4)
F3: F 4:
AB → C (1) B → C (1')
B → C (3) B → C (3)
A → B (4) A → B (4)
F4: F 5:
B → C (1') B → C (3)
B → C (3) A → B (4)
A → B (4)
Fc
F4: F 5:
B → C (1') B → C (3)
B → C (3) A → B (4)
A → B (4)
✓
✓
✓
→
→
→
→
→
→
R
{R1,…,Rn}
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
bname → bcity,assets
loanId → amt,bname
loans(bname,bcity,assets,cname,loanId,amt)
bname bcity assets cname loanId amt
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M Andy L-17 $1000
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M Obama L-23 $2000
Compton Los Angeles $2M Andy L-93 $500
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M DJ Snake L-17 $1000
loans(bname,bcity,assets,cname,loanId,amt)
R1(bname,bcity,assets,cname) R2(cname,loanId,amt)
bname bcity assets cname cname loanId amt
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M Andy Andy L-17 $1000
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M Obama Obama L-23 $2000
Compton Los Angeles $2M Andy Andy L-93 $500
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M DJ Snake DJ Snake L-17 $1000
Downtown Pittsburgh
Compton
$9M
Los Angeles $2M
Obama
Andy
⨝ Obama
Andy
L-23
L-93
$2000
$500
Downtown Pittsburgh
Compton
$9M
Los Angeles $2M
Obama
Andy
⨝ Obama
Andy
L-23
L-93
$2000
$500

R1(bname,bcity,assets,cname) R2(bname,loanId,amt)
bname bcity assets cname bname loanId amt
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M Andy Downtown L-17 $1000
Downtown Pittsburgh
Compton
$9M
Los Angeles $2M
Obama
Andy
⨝ Downtown
Compton
L-23
L-93
$2000
$500
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M DJ Snake
R1(bname,bcity,assets,cname) R2(bname,loanId,amt)
bname bcity assets cname bname loanId amt
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M Andy Downtown L-17 $1000
Downtown Pittsburgh
Compton
$9M
Los Angeles $2M
Obama
Andy
⨝ Downtown
Compton
L-23
L-93
$2000
$500
Downtown Pittsburgh $9M DJ Snake

R1(bname,assets,cname,loanId) R2(loanId,bcity,amt)
bname assets cname loanId loanId bcity amt
Downtown $9M Andy L-17 L-17 Pittsburgh $1000
Downtown $9M
Compton $2M
Obama
Andy
L-23
L-93
⨝ L-23
L-93
Pittsburgh
Los Angeles
$2000
$500
Downtown $9M DJ Snake L-17
Downtown $9M
Compton $2M
Obama
Andy
L-23
L-93
⨝ L-23
L-93
Pittsburgh
Los Angeles
$2000
$500

→
Downtown $9M Obama L-23 L-23 Pittsburgh $2000
Compton $2M Andy L-93 L-93 Los Angeles $500
R={R1,…,Rn} F
→ F+
→ G
F+ {R1,…,Rn}
→ G+
→ F+=G+ {R1,…,Rn}
R={R1,R2} R1(A,B,C) R2(C,D)
F = {A→B, AB→D, C→D}
F+ = {A→B,AB→D,A→D,C→D}
R={R1,R2} R1(A,B,C) R2(C,D)
G = {A→B} ∪ {C→D}
R={R1,R2} R1(A,B,C) R2(C,D)
G = {A→B} ∪ {C→D}
G+ = {A→B,C→D}
R={R1,R2} R1(A,B,C) R2(C,D)
(A→D)∈F+ F = {A→B, AB→D, C→D}
G = {A→B} ∪ {C→D}
G+ = {A→B,C→D}
F+ ≠ G+ (A→D)∈(F+ - G+)
(A→D)∉G+
R={R1,R2} R1(A,B,D) R2(C,D)
R={R1,R2} R1(A,B,D) R2(C,D)
F+ = {A→B, AB→D, A→D, C→D}
G = {A→B, A→D, AB→D} ∪ {C→D}
G+ = {A→B, AB→D, A→D, C→D}
F+ = G+
X→Y
X
→
→
→
R=(R1∪ R2) (R1 ∩ R2)→R1
(R1∩ R2)→R2
→
→
→ R=(R1 ∪ … ∪ Rn)
R1
R=F
→
→
→
1
2
→
00 2
01
→
10
→
11
2
→ std::hash
std::mutex
Page
→ LRUReplacer
Page
Page6 Page0
Page2 Page1
Page2
→ Page4
→
→
→
→
→

04-Functionaldependencies 2

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student(sid,cid,room,grade,name,address)

sid cid room grade name address

CREATE ASSERTION student-name

CREATE ASSERTION student-name-addr

CREATE TABLE students (

sid → name,address sid,cid → grade

→ X→Y ⇒ XZ→YZ → X→YZ ⇒ (X→Y) ∧ (X→Z)

→ (X→Y) ∧ (Y→Z) ⇒ X→Z → (X→Y) ∧ (YW→Z) ⇒ XW→Z

bname bcity assets cname loanId amt

bname bcity assets cname loanId amt

bname bcity assets cname loanId amt

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