1.

DDA
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>

void main()
{
clrscr();
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
float x1,x2,y1,y2;

printf("Enter start points of line(x1,y1)\n");

scanf("%f%f",&x1,&y1);

printf("Enter end points of line(x2,y2)\n");

scanf("%f%f",&x2,&y2);

float dx,dy,x=x1,y=y1,n;
int i;
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
if(abs(dx)>=abs(dy))
n=abs(dx);
else
n=abs(dy);

putpixel((int)x,(int)y,4);
//printf("(%d,%d)",int(x),int(y));

for(i=1; i<=n; i++)

{
x=x+dx/n;
y=y+dy/n;
putpixel((int)x,(int)y,4);
// printf("(%d,%d)\t",int(x),int(y));
}
getch();
getch();
closegraph();
}
2.BLA
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>

void draw(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2)

{
float dx,dy,p;
int i,x,y,xend;
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
p=2*dy-dx;
if(x1>x2)
{
x=x2;
y=y2;
xend=x1;
}
else
{
x=x1;
y=y1;
xend=x2;
}
//printf("(%d,%d)\t",x,y);
putpixel(x,y,4);
while(x<xend)
{
if(p<0)
{
x=x+1;
printf("(%d,%d)\t",x,y);
//putpixel(x,y,4);
p=p+(2*dy);
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y+1;
//printf("(%d,%d)\t",x,y);
putpixel(x,y,4);
p=p+(2*dy)-(2*dx);
}
 }
}

void main()
{
clrscr();
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
int x1,x2,y1,y2;

printf("Enter values of x1 and y1: ");

scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter values of x2 and y2 : ");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);

draw(x1,y1,x2,y2);//call to function that draws the line

getch();
getch();
closegraph();
}
3.Circle
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void drawaxis(int x,int y, int r)
{
line(x,y,x+r,y);
line(x,y,x-r,y);
line(x,y,x,y+r);
line(x,y,x,y-r);
}

void drawpoints(int x,int y,int xc,int yc)

{
putpixel(x+xc,y+yc,4);
// printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",x+xc,y+yc);
putpixel(y+xc,x+yc,4);
//printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",y+xc,x+yc);
putpixel(-x+xc,y+yc,4);
//printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",-x+xc,y+yc);
putpixel(-y+xc,x+yc,4);
//printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",-y+xc,x+yc);
putpixel(-x+xc,-y+yc,4);
//printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",-x+xc,-y+yc);
putpixel(-y+xc,-x+yc,4);
//printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",-y+xc,-x+yc);
putpixel(x+xc,-y+yc,4);
//printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",x+xc,-y+yc);
putpixel(y+xc,-x+yc,4);
//printf("(%+3d,%+3d)\n",y+xc,-x+yc);
}

int main()
{
clrscr();
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

int xc,yc,r,x,y,p;
printf("Enter the center coordinates:");
scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);
 printf("Enter the radius");
scanf("%d",&r);
drawaxis(xc,yc,r);
x=0;
y=r;
drawpoints(x,y,xc,yc);
p=1-r;
while(x<y)
{
if(p<0)
{
x=x+1;
y=y;
p=p+2*x+1;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
p=p+2*(x-y)+1;
}
drawpoints(x,y,xc,yc);
getch();
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
4.Ellipse
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void drawaxis(long x,long y, long rx,long ry)

{
line(x,y,x+rx,y);
line(x,y,x-rx,y);
line(x,y,x,y+ry);
line(x,y,x,y-ry);
}

void drawpoints(long x,long y,long xc,long yc)

{
putpixel(x+xc,y+yc,4);
// printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",x+xc,y+yc);
putpixel(-x+xc,y+yc,4);
// printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",-x+xc,y+yc);
putpixel(x+xc,-y+yc,4);
// printf("(%+3d,%+3d) \n",x+xc,-y+yc);
putpixel(-x+xc,-y+yc,4);
// printf("(%+3d,%+3d) ",-x+xc,-y+yc);
getch();
}

int main()
{
clrscr();
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
long xc,yc,rx,ry,x,y;

printf("Enter the center coordinates:");

scanf("%ld%ld",&xc,&yc);
printf("Enter the radius(rx,ry)");
scanf("%ld%ld",&rx,&ry);
drawaxis(xc,yc,rx,ry);
x=0;
y=ry;
 float p1,p2,dx,dy;
p1=pow(ry,2)- pow(rx,2)*ry + pow(rx,2)/4;

dx=2*ry*ry*x;
dy=2*rx*rx*y;

//region1
while(dx<dy)
{
drawpoints(x,y,xc,yc);
if(p1<0)
{
x++;
dx=2*ry*ry*x;
//dx=dx+(2*ry*ry);
p1=p1+dx+(ry*ry);
}
else
{
x++;
y--;
dx=2*ry*ry*x;
dy=2*rx*rx*y;
//dx=dx+(2*ry*ry);
//dy=dy-(2*rx*rx);
p1=p1+dx-dy+(ry*ry);
}
}
//region2
//printf("\nregion2\n");
p2=((ry*ry)*((x+0.5)*(x+0.5)))+((rx*rx)*((y-1)*(y-1)))-(rx*rx*ry*ry);
while(y>=0)
{
drawpoints(x,y,xc,yc);

if(p2>0)
{
y--;
dy=2*rx*rx*y;
p2 = p2 + (rx * rx) - dy;
}
else
{
y--;
 x++;
dx=2*ry*ry*x;
dy=2*rx*rx*y;
p2= p2 + dx - dy + (rx * rx);
}

}
getch();
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
5. Rotation
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <graphics.h>
/* //comment no need to write
void printmatrix(int a[][3])
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
void printmatrixf(float a[][3])
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%f ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
*/

void multiply(float x[][3],int y[][3],float z[][3])

{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
z[i][j]=0.00;
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
z[i][j]+=x[i][k]*y[k][j];
}
}
 }
}

void rotation(int o[][3],float t[][3])

{
float i[3][3];
multiply(t,o,i);
int x11=floor(i[0][0]);
int y11=floor(i[1][0]);
int x21=floor(i[0][1]);
int y21=floor(i[1][1]);
int x31=floor(i[0][2]);
int y31=floor(i[1][2]);
//printmatrix(o);
// printmatrixf(t);
// printmatrixf(i);
int arrImg[]={x11,y11,x21,y21,x31,y31,x11,y11};
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
fillpoly(4,arrImg);

int main()
{
clrscr();
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

int x1=400,y1=200;
int x2=400,y2=100;
int x3=300,y3=200;
float angle=40;
int o[3][3]= {x1,x2,x3,
y1,y2,y3,
1,1,1
}; //o for object,i for image

int arrObj[]= {x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x1,y1};

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
fillpoly(4,arrObj);
float a=(3.1417/180)*angle;
float rotationmatrix[3][3]= {cos(a),-sin(a),0,
 sin(a),cos(a),0,
0,0,1
};
rotation(o,rotationmatrix);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
6. Scaling
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <graphics.h>
/*
void printmatrix(int a[][3])
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
*/
void multiply(int x[][3],int y[][3],int z[][3])
{
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<3; j++)
{
z[i][j]=0;
for(int k=0; k<3; k++)
{
z[i][j]+=x[i][k]*y[k][j];
}
}
}
}

void scaling(int o[][3],int t[][3])

{
int i[3][3];
multiply(t,o,i);
int x11=i[0][0];
int y11=i[1][0];
int x21=i[0][1];
int y21=i[1][1];
int x31=i[0][2];
int y31=i[1][2];
 //printmatrix(o);
//printmatrix(t);
//printmatrix(i);
int arrImg[]= {x11,y11,x21,y21,x31,y31,x11,y11};
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
fillpoly(4,arrImg);
//line(x11,y11,x21,y21);
// line(x11,y11,x31,y31);
// line(x21,y21,x31,y31);

int main()
{
clrscr();
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
printf("Scaling");
int x1=50,y1=50;
int x2=200,y2=50;
int x3=150,y3=200;
int o[3][3]= {x1,x2,x3,
y1,y2,y3,
1,1,1
}; //o for object,i for image

int sx=2,sy=2;
int arrObj[]= {x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x1,y1};
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
fillpoly(4,arrObj);
//line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
//line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
//line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
int scalingmatrix[3][3]= {sx,0,0,
0,sy,0,
0,0,1
};
scaling(o,scalingmatrix);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
7. Translation
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <graphics.h>
/*
void printmatrix(int a[][3])
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
*/
void multiply(int x[][3],int y[][3],int z[][3])
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
z[i][j]=0;
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
z[i][j]+=x[i][k]*y[k][j];
}
}
}
}

void translation(int o[][3],int t[][3])

{
int i[3][3];
multiply(t,o,i);
int x11=i[0][0];
int y11=i[1][0];
int x21=i[0][1];
int y21=i[1][1];
int x31=i[0][2];
int y31=i[1][2];
 //printmatrix(o);
//printmatrix(t);
//printmatrix(i);
int arrImg[]={x11,y11,x21,y21,x31,y31,x11,y11};
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
fillpoly(4,arrImg);
//line(x11,y11,x21,y21);
// line(x11,y11,x31,y31);
// line(x21,y21,x31,y31);

int main()
{
clrscr();
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

int x1=125,y1=225;
int x2=200,y2=100;
int x3=200,y3=400;
int o[3][3]={x1,x2,x3,
y1,y2,y3,
1,1,1}; //o for object,i for image

int tx=200,ty=0;
int arrObj[]={x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x1,y1};
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
fillpoly(4,arrObj);
//line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
//line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
//line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
int translationmatrix[3][3]={1,0,tx,
0,1,ty,
0,0,1};
translation(o,translationmatrix);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
8. Reflection
#include<stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <graphics.h>

float midx,midy;

void drawAxis()
{
float maxx=getmaxx();
float maxy=getmaxy();
midx=maxx/2;
midy=maxy/2;
line(0,midy,maxx,midy);
line(midx,0,midx,maxy);
}

/*
void printmatrix(int a[][3])
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
*/
void multiply(int x[][3],int y[][3],int z[][3])
{
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for(int j=0; j<3; j++)
{
z[i][j]=0;
for(int k=0; k<3; k++)
{
z[i][j]+=x[i][k]*y[k][j];
}
}
 }
}

void reflection(int o[][3],int t[][3])

{
int i[3][3];
multiply(t,o,i);
int x11=i[0][0];
int y11=i[1][0]+2*midy;
int x21=i[0][1];
int y21=i[1][1]+2*midy;
int x31=i[0][2];
int y31=i[1][2]+2*midy;
//printmatrix(o);
// printmatrix(t);
// printmatrix(i);
int arrImg[]= {x11,y11,x21,y21,x31,y31,x11,y11};
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
fillpoly(4,arrImg);

void reflectionv(int o[][3],int t[][3])

{
int i[3][3];
multiply(t,o,i);
int x11=i[0][0]+2*midx;
int y11=i[1][0];
int x21=i[0][1]+2*midx;
int y21=i[1][1];
int x31=i[0][2]+2*midx;
int y31=i[1][2];
int arrImg[]= {x11,y11,x21,y21,x31,y31,x11,y11};
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,YELLOW);
fillpoly(4,arrImg);

int main()
{
clrscr();
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
 initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
printf("Reflection\n");
printf("red=object\n");
printf("blue=image reflected along horizontal axis\n");
printf("yellow=image reflected along vertical axis\n");
int x1=300,y1=150;
int x2=100,y2=200;
int x3=200,y3=100;
drawAxis();
int o[3][3]= {x1,x2,x3,
y1,y2,y3,
1,1,1
}; //o for object,i for image

int arrObj[]= {x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x1,y1};

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
fillpoly(4,arrObj);

int reflectionmatrixh[3][3]= {1,0,0,

0,-1,0,
0,0,1
};
reflection(o,reflectionmatrixh);

int reflectionmatrixv[3][3]= {-1,0,0,

0,1,0,
0,0,1
};
reflectionv(o,reflectionmatrixv);
getch();
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
9. 3D Rotation

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
int maxx,maxy,midx,midy;
void axis()
{
getch();
cleardevice();
line(midx,0,midx,maxy);
line(0,midy,maxx,midy);
}
void main()
{
int x,y,z,o,x1,x2,y1,y2;

int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
//co-ordinates
int a=50; //top left x
int b=50; //top left y
int c=20; //distance between bottom left and bottom right

setfillstyle(1,RED);
maxx=getmaxx();
maxy=getmaxy();
midx=maxx/2;
midy=maxy/2;
axis();

bar3d(midx+a,midy-b,midx+a+c,midy-(b-c),5,1);
printf("Enter rotating angle");
scanf("%d",&o);
x1=a*cos(o*3.14/180)-(a+c)*sin(o*3.14/180);
y1=a*sin(o*3.14/180)+(a+c)*cos(o*3.14/180);
x2=(a+c)*cos(o*3.14/180)-(b-c)*sin(o*3.14/180);
y2=(a+c)*sin(o*3.14/180)+(b-c)*cos(o*3.14/180);
//axis();

printf("After rotation about z axis=Blue\n");

setfillstyle(3,BLUE);
bar3d(midx+x1,midy-y1,midx+x2,midy-y2,5,1);
 //axis();
printf("After rotation about x axis=Yellow\n");
setfillstyle(4,YELLOW);
bar3d(midx+a,midy-x1,midx+(a+c),midy-x2,5,1);

//axis();
printf("After rotation about yaxis=Green\n");
setfillstyle(5,GREEN);
bar3d(midx+x1,midy-b,midx+x2,midy-(b-c),5,1);

getch();
getch();
closegraph();
}
10.3D SCALING

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
int maxx,maxy,midx,midy;
void axis()
{
cleardevice();
line(midx,0,midx,maxy);
line(0,midy,maxx,midy);
}
void main()
{
int x,y,z,o,x1,x2,y1,y2;

int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
//co-ordinates
int a=50; //top left x
int b=50; //top left y
int c=20; //distance between bottom left and bottom right
setfillstyle(1,RED);
maxx=getmaxx();
maxy=getmaxy();
midx=maxx/2;
midy=maxy/2;

axis();

bar3d(midx+a,midy-b,midx+a+c,midy-(b-c),5,1);
printf("Enter scaling factors");
scanf("%d%d%d", &x,&y,&z);

printf("After scaling");
setfillstyle(9,BLUE);
bar3d(midx+(x*a),midy-(y*b),midx+(x*(a+c)),midy-(y*(b-c)),5*z,1);

getch();
getch();
closegraph();
}
11. 3D Translation
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
int maxx,maxy,midx,midy;
void axis()
{
cleardevice();
line(midx,0,midx,maxy);
line(0,midy,maxx,midy);
}
void main()
{
int x,y,z,o,x1,x2,y1,y2;
int gd=DETECT, gm=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
//co-ordinates
int a=50; //top left x
int b=50; //top left y
int c=20; //distance between bottom left and bottom right
setfillstyle(1,RED);
maxx=getmaxx();
maxy=getmaxy();
midx=maxx/2;
midy=maxy/2;

axis();

bar3d(midx+a,midy-b,midx+a+c,midy-(b-c),10,1);

printf("Enter translation factor");

scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
printf("After translation:");
setfillstyle(9,BLUE);
bar3d(midx+x+a,midy-(y+b),midx+x+(a+c),midy-(y+(b-c)),10,1);
getch();
getch();
closegraph();
}
12. GL draw a line
#include <windows.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>

void display()
{
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set background color to black and opaque
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear the color buffer (background)
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
glVertex3f(-0.75, 0,0 );
glColor3f(0, 1, 0);
glVertex3f(0.9, 0.9, 0);
//glColor3f(0, 0, 1); glVertex3f(0, 0.75, 0);
glEnd();
glFlush();
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)

{
glutInit(&argc, argv); // Initialize GLUT
glutCreateWindow("OpenGL Setup Test"); // Create a window with the given title
glutInitWindowSize(400, 400); // Set the window's initial width and height
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); // Position the window's initial top-left corner
glutDisplayFunc(display); // Register display callback handler for window re-paint
glutMainLoop(); // Enter the event-processing loop
return 0;
}
13.
//triangle
void display()
{
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set background color to black and opaque
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear the color buffer (background)
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f(1, 1, 0);
glVertex3f(-0.6, -0.75, 0.5);
glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
glVertex3f(0.6, 0.0, 0);
glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
glVertex3f(-0.6, 0.75, 0);
glEnd();
glFlush(); // Flush drawing command buffer to make drawing happen as soon as possible.
}

14. Square

void display()
{
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set background color to black and opaque
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear the color buffer (background)
glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Each set of 4 vertices form a quad
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f); // Red
glVertex2f(-0.5f, -0.5f); // x, y
glVertex2f( 0.5f, -0.5f);
glVertex2f( 0.5f, 0.5f);
glVertex2f(-0.5f, 0.5f);
glEnd();
glFlush(); // Flush drawing command buffer to make drawing happen as soon as possible.
}