Performance Based Navigation

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 Deriving Airspace Concept

Safety? Capacity? Efficiency? Environment? Access?

AIRSPACE CONCEPT

COM NAV SUR ATM

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 PBN as the ‘N’ Element of Airspace Concept

COM NAV SUR ATM

PBC PBN PBS

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 Elements of PBN

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3
NAVIGATION
APPLICATION

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2 1
NAVIGATION NAVAID
SPECIFICATION INFRASTRUCTURE

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Navigation Infrastructure

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Navigation Specification

Functionality
Navigation Specification

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Evolution of Air Navigation (1)

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Evolution of Air Navigation (2)

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Evolution of Air Navigation (3)

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RNAV

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RNP

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 Types of RNAV & RNP

RNAV 1

1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time

Track Centerline

1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time

 Types of RNAV & RNP

RNP 1
Alert to Pilot

1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time

Track Centerline

1 Nautical Mile 95% of flight time

The Key Difference:

On-Board Performance Monitoring and Alerting
 PBN Specification

• PBN specifies RNAV system performance i.e. accuracy,

integrity, continuity, availability + functionality; - written up in
navigation specifications

RNP X specifications RNAV X specifications

Require on-board Do not require on-board

performance monitoring performance monitoring
+ alerting + alerting

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 Navigation Specification
ICAO
NAVIGATION
SPECIFICATIONS

RNP SPECIFICATIONS RNAV SPECIFICATIONS

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Navigation Specifications vs Navigation Applications

Flight phase
Navigation En-route En-route Approach DEP
Specification
oceanic/remote continental Arrival Initial Intermediate Final Missed

RNAV 10 10

RNAV 5 5 5

RNAV 2 2 2 2

RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RNP 4 4

RNP 2 2 2

RNP 1 1 1 1 1 1

Advanced RNP 2 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1

RNP APCH 1 1 0.3 1

RNP AR APCH 1-0.1 1-0.1 0.3-0.1 1-0.1

RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

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 Navigation Specification vs. NAVAID Infrastructure
Navigation Specs GNSS IRU D/D D/D/I VOR/D
RNAV-10 X X
RNAV-5 X X X X X
RNAV -1 and RNAV -2 X X X
RNP-4 X
RNP-2 X
RNP-1 X
Advanced RNP X
RNP APCH X GNSS Only
ABAS (LNAV or LNAV/VNAV)
SBAS (LP or LPV)
RNP AR APCH X
RNP 0.3 X
Navigation Application

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Navigation Application

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 Designators for ATS routes

A, B, G, R For routes which form part of the regional networks of

ATS routes and are not area navigation routes

L, M, N, P For area navigation routes which form part of

the regional networks of ATS routes

H, J, V, W For routes which do not form part of the regional networks

of ATS routes and are not area navigation routes

Q, T, Y, Z For area navigation routes which do not form part of

the regional networks of ATS routes 24
Benefits of PBN

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 Benefits of PBN

- Safety
- Access
- Reliability
- Reduction of delays
- Efficiency and flexibility
- Environment
- Economics
- Workload

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 Benefits of PBN

Safety - Increase safety using three-dimensional (3D) approach

operations with course guidance to the runway, reducing the risk
of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT)

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 Benefits of PBN

Safety - Increase safety using three-dimensional (3D) approach

operations with course guidance to the runway, reducing the risk
of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT)

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 Benefits of PBN

Access - Improve airport and airspace access in all weather

conditions and the ability to meet limiting obstacle constraints
caused by challenging terrains or restricted area

RNP AR approaches will increase runway access

Increase runway access, Increase safety, Reduce noise

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Benefits of PBN

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Benefits of PBN

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 Benefits of PBN

Reliability - Enhance reliability, repeatability, and predictability

of operations leading to increased throughput. More precise
arrival, approach and departure procedures will reduce flight
time variability and facilitate smooth, orderly flow of air traffic

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 Benefits of PBN

Conventional RNAV

Courtesy DFS 33
 Benefits of PBN

Reduction of Delays - Reduce

delays at airports and in busy
airspace through the
application of newly enabled
arrival and departure corridors
around busy terminal areas,
along with improving flight
re-routing capabilities, and
making the better use of
optimally spaced procedures
and airspace
Courtesy FAA

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 Benefits of PBN

Efficiency and Flexibility - Improve efficiency and flexibility

by reducing reliability on the locations of ground-based
E
navigation aids 
F
D  

C 



A Shorter Routes ….
B
 
More Routes Possible ...
 Benefits of PBN

Environment - Environmentally improved arrival and depart

corridors by enabling procedure designers to flexibly design
environmental-and-community-friendly arrival and departure
routes, lowering effects of aircraft noise in noise-sensitive areas

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Benefits of PBN

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 Benefits of PBN

Economics - Reduce fuel emissions by allowing Flight

Management System (FMS) to manage optimal flight performance
(climb, descent, and engine performance)

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 Benefits of PBN

Workload - Reduce workload and improve productivity of air

traffic controllers and pilots by enabling on-board navigation
automation and reducing controller-pilot voice communication
and radar-vectoring.

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