LIST OF TABLES

Physical Properties Values

Fineness (m2/kg.) 301.1
Standard Consistency (%) 27
Setting Time (minutes)
Initial Setting Time(minutes) 135
Final Setting Time(minutes) 245
Expansion(mm) Le Chatelier Test 1
Compressive Strength (MPa)
3 Days 34
7 Days 42.5
28 Days 49.1
Table 1: Properties of OPC 43 Cement (Jaypee)

Weight of Ingredients for 1m3

Ingredients
Mix 1 Mix 2
Cement 328 kg 364 kg
Water 180 kg 200 kg
Fine Aggregates 793 kg 757 kg
Coarse Aggregates
10 mm size (55%) 627 kg 599.5 kg
20 mm size (45%) 513 kg 490.5 kg
Admixtures Nil Nil
Table 2: Mix Design for Concrete

Property Zemdrain MD
Description Filter fabric laminated to a plastic grid
Composition of the Filter 100% polypropylene
Maximum Pore size of the filter <35 Microns
Thickness under 200k pressure 2mm ± 10%
Maximum Tensile Strength >19 KN/mm2
Mess opening for drainage grid <4mm
Air Permeability < 3 m3/m2.sec
Drainage Capacity Up to 3.0 liters/m2
Water Retention without Drainage 1.30 liters/m2
Water Retention with Drainage 0.40 liters/m2
Maximum water absorption of filter < 0.05 liters/m2
Roll Lengths 3.5 m
Roll Widths 2.5 m
Table 3: Properties of Zemdrain (http://www2.dupont.com/Zemdrain/en_US/assets/downloads/datasheets/propertiesMD.pdf%29%5D)

Sieve Analysis

Sand C.A. (25 mm size) C.A. (12.5 mm size)

Sieve Size % Passing Sieve Size % Passing Sieve Size % Passing
10 mm 100.0% 40 mm 100.0% 16 mm 100.0%
4.75 mm 97.0% 20 mm 81.7% 12.5 mm 82.7%
2.36 mm 93.9% 10 mm 0.3% 10 mm 45.6%
1.18 mm 72.9% 4.75 mm - 4.75 mm 0.1%
600 micron 36.3% - - 2.36 mm 0.0%
300 micron 5.2% - - - -
150 micron 1.0% - - - -
Pan 0.0% - - - -
Table 4: Sieve Analysis of the aggregates used
 Physical Properties
Properties Sand C.A. (25 mm size) C.A. (12.5 mm size)
Specific Gravity 2.7 2.7 2.7
Water Absorption 0.55 0.4 0.9
Moisture Content 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Fineness Modulus - - -
Table 5: Physical properties of aggregates used

Charge Passed (Coulombs) Chloride Ion Penetrability

>4000 High
2000 - 4000 Moderate
1000 - 2000 Low
100 - 1000 Very Low
<100 Negligible
Table 6: Chloride Ion Penetrability relation with Charge Passed (Coulombs)

Chemical reactions Chloride containing Zone Chemical reactions in chloride free zone
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (white) Ag+ + OH- AgOH Ag2O (Dark Brown)

Table 7: Chemical reactions in silver nitrate colorimetric method

Water Content Slump Bleeding Air Content

Mix W/C
(kg/m3) (mm) (ml/cm2) (%) (%)
1 0.55 180 40 0.21 4.46 2.2
2 0.55 200 110 0.48 10.34 1.4
1 0.55 180 35 0.26 5.64 2.3
2 0.55 200 105 0.36 8.06 1.1
1 0.55 180 35 0.19 4.04 2.3
2 0.55 200 60 0.26 5.64 1.2
Table 8: Results of Slump Test, Air Content Test and Bleed water Test on fresh Concrete

Time Mix 1 Mix 1 Mix 1 Mix 2 Mix 2 Mix 2

10 min 38 ml 76 ml 31 ml 50 ml 110 ml 62 ml
20 min 22 ml 35 ml 23 ml 90 ml 27 ml 29 ml
30 min 21 ml 14 ml 18 ml 63 ml 30 ml 24 ml
40 min 13 ml 5 ml 10 ml 13 ml 12 ml 10 ml
70 min 12 ml 4 ml 14 ml 12 ml 5 ml 9 ml
100 min 0 ml 0 ml 0 ml 0 ml 0 ml 0 ml
Total 106 ml 134 ml 96 ml 228 ml 184 ml 134 ml
Table 9: Results of the bleeding Test

Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

Mix W/C
7 Days 28 Days
1 0.55 30.65 38.64
2 0.55 25.12 33.84
1 0.55 28.56 37.87
2 0.55 25.52 34.62
1 0.55 32.74 42.48
2 0.55 31.53 38.13
Table 10: Results of Compressive strengths at 7 and 28 Days

Position Pull off strengths (N/mm2)

 ZC1 ZZ1 ZC2 ZZ2 PC1 PP1 PC2 PP2 GC1 GG1 GC2 GG2
Top 2.18 2.20 2.08 2.54 1.42 1.63 1.80 1.41 1.68 1.79 1.13 2.74
Middle 1.24 2.19 1.50 3.33 1.56 1.58 - 2.34 1.60 2.24 1.66 2.07
Bottom 2.08 2.31 1.67 3.61 2.07 2.39 1.88 2.54 2.02 1.93 2.34 3.23
Average 1.83 2.23 1.75 3.16 1.68 1.87 1.84 2.10 1.77 1.99 1.71 2.68
CV 0.28 0.03 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.24 0.03 0.29 0.13 0.12 0.35 0.22
% age
21.82 80.57 10.89 13.95 12.45 56.73
Improvement
Z: Zemdrain ; P: Particle Board ; G: Gunny Bags ; C: Control face; 1: Mix 1; 2: Mix 2; Z-C-1 : Specimen with Zemdrain -
Control face - Mix 1; CV = Coefficient of Variation
Table 11: Results of Pull off Strength test

ISAT Results ( ml/m2.sec)

Position
ZC1 ZZ1 ZC2 ZZ2 PC1 PP1 PC2 PP2 GC1 GG1 GC2 GG2
10 min 0.42 0.19 0.56 0.21 0.46 0.28 0.50 0.27 0.58 0.18 0.67 0.24
30 min 0.21 0.11 0.26 0.11 0.23 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.28 0.08 0.32 0.14
60 min 0.14 0.06 0.13 0.05 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.15 0.05 0.23 0.07
120 min 0.07 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.15 0.02
2h cumulative
1361.8 610.9 1577.2 619.6 1403.5 911.7 1281.1 801.9 1691.1 513.4 2214.4 755.5
value (ml/m2)
CV 0.72 0.73 0.88 0.79 0.77 0.72 0.98 0.80 0.83 0.81 0.68 0.79
% age
55.14 60.71 35.04 37.41 69.64 65.88
Reduction
Z: Zemdrain ; P: Particle Board ; G: Gunny Bags ; C: Control face; 1: Mix 1; 2: Mix 2; Z-C-1 : Specimen with Zemdrain - Control face - Mix 1; CV
= Coefficient of Variation
Table 12: Results of ISAT test

Charge Passed (Coulombs)

Position
ZC1 ZZ1 ZC2 ZZ2 PC1 PP1 PC2 PP2 GC1 GG1 GC2 GG2
Top 4494.5 3901.0 5692.5 4315.0 5067.7 4952.0 5524.7 4147.0 5072.3 3728.0 5767.1 3814.2
Middle 5211.5 3279.0 5677.0 3127.0 4950.8 4071.0 4163.7 4395.5 5485.8 3387.7 5311.9 2995.9
Bottom 4057.0 1754.0 5426.0 2131.0 3898.5 3152.0 4225.8 3479.5 4013.5 2521.8 5355.2 3488.8
Average 4587.7 2978.0 5598.5 3191.0 4639.0 4058.3 4638.1 4007.3 4857.2 3212.5 5478.1 3433.0
CV 0.13 0.37 0.03 0.34 0.14 0.22 0.17 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.05 0.12
% age Reduction 35.09 43.00 12.52 13.60 33.86 37.33
Z: Zemdrain ; P: Particle Board ; G: Gunny Bags ; C: Control face; 1: Mix 1; 2: Mix 2; Z-C-1 : Specimen with Zemdrain - Control face - Mix 1; CV =
Coefficient of Variation
Table 13: Results of RCPT test

Penetration Depth (cm)

Position GG GG
ZC1 ZZ1 ZC2 ZZ2 PC1 PP1 PC2 PP2 GC1 GC2
1 2
2.3 1.1 2.8 2.3 3.8 2.9 3.2 2.9 4.0 2.6 4.2 2.5
Top
0 0 0 8 0 0 6 4 0 4 0 4
3.0 1.0 3.5 1.5 3.5 2.5 2.9 2.7 4.2 2.5 4.1 3.0
Middle
2 0 0 8 3 8 8 8 0 2 0 6
2.1 0.7 3.4 1.5 2.6 1.4 3.5 2.5 3.5 2.1 4.2 2.6
Bottom
0 3 0 5 7 5 6 6 6 2 0 4
2.4 0.9 3.2 1.8 3.3 2.3 3.2 2.7 3.9 2.4 4.1 2.7
Average
7 4 3 4 3 1 7 6 2 3 7 5
0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1
CV
0 0 2 6 8 3 9 7 8 1 1 0
% age Reduction 61.86 43.20 30.70 15.51 38.10 34.08
Z: Zemdrain ; P: Particle Board ; G: Gunny Bags ; C: Control face; 1: Mix 1; 2: Mix 2; Z-C-1 : Specimen with
Zemdrain - Control face - Mix 1; CV = Coefficient of Variation
Table 14: Results of AgNo3 colorimetric test
 Blowholes and Cracks (%)
Percentage
Specimen Permeable
Control Face Reduction (%)
Formworks Face
Z1 0.360 0.062 82.778
Z2 0.080 0.000 100.000
P1 0.052 0.046 11.538
P2 0.150 0.087 42.000
G1 0.085 0.021 75.294
G2 0.120 0.024 80.000
Table 15: Result of Blowholes ratio calculation

Blowholes and Cracks (%)

Percentage
Specimen Permeable
Control Face Reduction (%)
Formworks Face
Z1 0.378 0.064 83.07
Z2 0.083 0.002 97.59
P1 0.061 0.045 26.23
P2 0.167 0.075 55.09
G1 0.083 0.024 71.08
G2 0.157 0.024 84.71
Table 16: Percentage reduction in Blowholes and cracks according to Texture Analysis

Blowholes & Plain Gray Texture Plain Whitish Texture

Surface Total (%)
Cracks (%) (%) (%)
ZC1 0.378 40.246 59.376 100.000
ZZ1 0.064 96.657 3.278 100.000
ZC2 0.083 90.234 9.683 100.000
ZZ2 0.002 99.882 0.116 100.000
PC1 0.061 76.588 23.351 100.000
PP1 0.045 81.975 17.980 100.000
PC2 0.167 29.792 70.040 100.000
PP2 0.075 68.024 31.901 100.000
GC1 0.083 77.244 22.672 100.000
GG1 0.024 68.079 31.897 100.000
GC2 0.157 33.033 66.809 100.000
GG2 0.024 68.000 31.976 100.000
Table 17: Results of Texture Analysis

Chloride Diffusion Coefficient ( x 10 -8 cm2/sec)

Position
ZC1 ZZ1 ZC2 ZZ2 PC1 PP1 PC2 PP2 GC1 GG1 GC2 GG2
Top 22.29 10.31 27.70 23.05 38.37 29.12 33.07 29.30 40.87 26.49 44.14 25.62
Middle 29.27 9.33 34.90 14.99 35.43 25.60 29.66 27.71 43.02 25.18 42.69 30.91
Bottom 20.05 6.63 33.78 14.58 26.34 14.05 35.57 25.27 35.84 20.90 43.81 26.57
23.8 17.5 24.1
Average 8.76 32.13 33.38 22.92 32.77 27.43 39.91 43.55 27.70
7 4 9
CV 0.20 0.22 0.12 0.27 0.19 0.34 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.02 0.10
% age Reduction 63.32 45.40 31.33 16.30 39.39 36.39
Z: Zemdrain ; P: Particle Board ; G: Gunny Bags ; C: Control face; 1: Mix 1; 2: Mix 2; Z-C-1 : Specimen with Zemdrain - Control
face - Mix 1; CV = Coefficient of Variation
Table 18: Results of chloride diffusion coefficient
Dept Time to Initiate Corrosion (in years)
h of Cth/Cs = 0.1 Cth/Cs = 0.2 Cth/Cs = 0.3
Cover D( x 10-8 cm2/sec) D( x 10-8 cm2/sec) D( x 10-8 cm2/sec)
(cm) 5 10 20 30 40 50 5 10 20 30 40 50 5 10 20 30 40 50
2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
3 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.7 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.7 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3
4 1.9 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 3.1 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 4.7 2.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5
5 2.9 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 4.8 2.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5 7.4 3.7 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.7
6 4.2 2.1 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.4 7.0 3.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 10.6 5.3 2.7 1.8 1.3 1.1
7 5.7 2.9 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.6 9.5 4.7 2.4 1.6 1.2 0.9 14.5 7.2 3.6 2.4 1.8 1.4
8 7.5 3.8 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.8 12.4 6.2 3.1 2.1 1.5 1.2 18.9 9.4 4.7 3.1 2.4 1.9

Dept Time to Initiate Corrosion (in years)

h of Cth/Cs = 0.4 Cth/Cs = 0.5 Cth/Cs = 0.6
Cover D( x 10-8 cm2/sec) D( x 10-8 cm2/sec) D( x 10-8 cm2/sec)
(cm) 5 10 20 30 40 50 5 10 20 30 40 50 5 10 20 30 40 50
2 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.8 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 4.6 2.3 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5
3 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 6.3 3.1 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 10.4 5.2 2.6 1.7 1.3 1.0
4 7.2 3.6 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.7 11.2 5.6 2.8 1.9 1.4 1.1 18.4 9.2 4.6 3.1 2.3 1.8
5 11.2 5.6 2.8 1.9 1.4 1.1 17.4 8.7 4.4 2.9 2.2 1.7 28.8 14.4 7.2 4.8 3.6 2.9
6 16.1 8.1 4.0 2.7 2.0 1.6 25.1 12.5 6.3 4.2 3.1 2.5 41.5 20.8 10.4 6.9 5.2 4.2
7 21.9 11.0 5.5 3.7 2.7 2.2 34.2 17.1 8.5 5.7 4.3 3.4 56.5 28.3 14.1 9.4 7.1 5.7
8 28.7 14.3 7.2 4.8 3.6 2.9 44.6 22.3 11.2 7.4 5.6 4.5 73.8 36.9 18.4 12.3 9.2 7.4

Dept Time to Initiate Corrosion (in years)

h of Cth/Cs = 0.7 Cth/Cs = 0.8 Cth/Cs = 0.9
Cover D( x 10-8 cm2/sec) D( x 10-8 cm2/sec) D( x 10-8 cm2/sec)
(cm) 5 10 20 30 40 50 5 10 20 30 40 50 5 10 20 30 40 50
2 8.5 4.3 2.1 1.4 1.1 0.9 19.8 9.9 4.9 3.3 2.5 2.0 80.3 40.2 20.1 13.4 10.0 8.0
3 19.2 9.6 4.8 3.2 2.4 1.9 44.5 22.2 11.1 7.4 5.6 4.4 180.7 90.4 45.2 30.1 22.6 18.1
4 34.2 17.1 8.5 5.7 4.3 3.4 79.0 39.5 19.8 13.2 9.9 7.9 321.3 160.6 80.3 53.5 40.2 32.1
5 53.4 26.7 13.3 8.9 6.7 5.3 123.5 61.8 30.9 20.6 15.4 12.4 502.0 251.0 125.5 83.7 62.8 50.2
6 76.9 38.4 19.2 12.8 9.6 7.7 177.9 88.9 44.5 29.6 22.2 17.8 722.9 361.5 180.7 120.5 90.4 72.3
7 104.7 52.3 26.2 17.4 13.1 10.5 242.1 121.0 60.5 40.3 30.3 24.2 984.0 492.0 246.0 164.0 123.0 98.4
8 136.7 68.3 34.2 22.8 17.1 13.7 316.2 158.1 79.0 52.7 39.5 31.6 1285.2 642.6 321.3 214.2 160.6 128.5
Table 19: Estimate of Corrosion initiation time

Percentage Improvement
Results Tests
Z1 Z2 P1 P2 G1 G2
RCPT 35 43 12.5 13.6 33.8 37.33
Reduction
ISAT 55.11 60.67 35.02 37.4 69.65 65.8
Pull off
Increase 21.86 80.57 11.31 14.13 12.42 56.72
Strength
Z: Zemdrain ; P: Particle Board ; G: Gunny Bags ;1: Mix 1; 2: Mix 2
Table 20: Summary of Results