BUS116

DataLab: Generation, Analysis, Iteration

Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................1
LO1 Process Level........................................................................................................................2
Task 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Business Process.............................................................................................................................2
1.1.1 Main Activities................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Decisions Made in the Business Process.....................................................................................4
1.3 Digitization of Selected Process.....................................................................................................5
LO 5...............................................................................................................................................6
Task 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Identification of Information/ Data Management System that can improve business
process......................................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Database for information system and data that are required to store......................................7
2.3 Big data for food business and analytical tools used for business...........................................8
LO7................................................................................................................................................8
Task 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Exploration and expectation from intelligent tools for order fulfillment.....................................8
3.2 How BI tools and system can support the business...................................................................9
3.3 Implication of suggested Intelligence tools.................................................................................10
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................10
References.................................................................................................................................11

List of Figures
No. Name Page
Fig-1 Order Fulfillment Process (Payment) 2
Fig-2 Order fulfillment process (Product) 3
Fig-3 Inventory Data Flow 5
 Introduction
The portfolio focuses on the most crucial decision-making activities, data management
for business processes, and intelligent solutions that might support the business
process as it relates to McDonald's business process. It is one of the world's most well-
known and acclaimed fast-food restaurant chains. In 1940, the restaurant first opened
its doors. As part of its operations, the fast-food giant McDonald's sells a range of
dishes, such as burgers, fries, wraps, salads, desserts, and mocktails. There are over
68 million McDonald's customers worldwide, spread across 100 different nations. Due to
its extensive global presence, McDonald's uses a franchise system. The internal
business processes that make up a company expand along with it. Therefore, a method
created to fulfill an organizational goal is referred to as a "business process." Order
fulfillment is utilized for business processes in this assessment portfolio and is
examined for its many activities and information management.

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LO1 Process Level
Task 1
1.1 Business Process
The business process entails different steps like procuring raw materials, processing for
final products, order fulfillment, etc. The Order Fulfillment process is a critical
component of the supply chain for almost all businesses. Among the various tasks, it
involves include receiving, processing, and delivering orders (Zuhaira and Ahmad,
2020). Below is a process flow chart that McDonald's frequently uses:

Fig:1 Order Fulfillment Process (Payment)

In Fig 1 the procedure for placing an order at the restaurant's front counter is described
in the flow chart for McDonald's order fulfillment. The chart has some swim lanes. Each

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swim lane has its own set of activities. For payment there is two options, cash and card.
Once the order placement is complete the preparation of the food stars.

Fig:2 Order fulfillment process (Product)

1.1.1 Main Activities

Order Placement: Customer first review the menu then places an order digitally or
manually at the counter.

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Method of Payment: After choosing the item(s) the customer is asked about the
payment method. They accept cash and return change or use card to complete the
transaction (Han, 2021).
Order Assembly: Assembling hamburgers and other food items that clients purchase is
a continual task for the staff working in the food assembly function. The food runner
completes these activities before gathering the order's components, such as sauces,
forks, spoons, and the food and beverages prepared in the kitchen. They'll be prepared
once everything is assembled and placed on the counter (Reijers, 2018).
Serving the order: The order is then given to the customer by calling the number. The
number shows on the screen. McDonald’s keeps the last-minute request of customers
by adding extra salt, ketchups etc.

1.2 Decisions Made in the Business Process

The key decision made in this business procedure is how staff will handle orders. It is
crucial to train staff members how to prioritize their tasks and make quick decisions
during busy times (Jean, 2018).
Inventory management is one of the most important aspects of business in any area of
business. Proper inventory management saves company’s costs and make it effective
(Schallehn, 2018). McDonald’s is no different in this case. To properly fulfill orders,
inventory management needs a number of actions to make the appropriate choice.
Decisions to take carefully in business process are as follows:
Reliable inventory management system: The procedure by which a firm moves its
items along the whole supply chain, from purchase to manufacture to final sales, is
known as an inventory management system (or inventory system). It sets forth how
businesses should go about managing their inventories. Reliable inventory system
ensures errorless inflow and outflows of inventories. The McDonald's stock control
system is employed to guarantee continuous access to raw materials (Vialle, 2019).
Demand forecasting: To forecast the demand correctly is the key to maintain inventory
effectively and efficiently. Accurate forecast of demand allows business to be in run by
calculating sales history, customer number and many more factors (Strang, 2018).
Stock control charts in the inventory management system may be used to show the past
and future sales for each restaurant.
Storage and distribution: Food business have to take decisions about distribution
channel, where and how to be delivered the products, how to maintain the proper
condition of materials while distribution. Important issues for storage are temperature,
dryness, environment of the storage (Sun, 2018). These measures keep the inventory
safe from spoilage due to unfavorable weather.

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 Fig:3 Inventory Data Flow

1.3 Digitization of Selected Process

Any fast-food business could, to some extent, digitize the process of fulfilling orders.
The process of fulfilling orders involves much more than just receiving orders. Orders
from customers are handled as soon as fresh supplies are delivered and put away in
the restaurant. With manual procedures, there may be a number of instances where the
staff's labor and the corresponding sequence are ineffective, and there is limited room
for improvement (Aydiner et al., 2019). Following are some limitations of manual order
fulfillment:

 Limited understanding of the procedure

 Order processing errors

 Data processing delays

If any of the situation happens in food service organization customer service experience
may hamper dramatically. To make the process more effective and errorless
organization can digitize the following part of the order fulfillment process (Zaim, 2019).
Menu presentation: Food organization generally provides printed menu to the
customers. Using the manual menu customers barely can get any idea about the food,
taste of it and other information (Laguna et al., 2018). Instead of printed menu a digital
menu can be provided by which customer will be able to view the food, 3D presentation,
short video, price information, nutrition value, placing order and waiting time.
Order receiving: Using the digital menu customer will be able to place a direct order to
the kitchen. Any additional change or modification of the food can also be defined by the
software using checklists provided in the interface (Shamim, 2019).
Storage: Using Internet of Things (IoT) storage system can be digitized. The
ingredients and raw materials can be stored in predefined software assisted storing

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system. When the order is placed employees will be able to arrange and assemble the
food easily and correctly (Azeroual, 2018).
Packing: The order must then be packaged. At this stage, the order will be packaged
using paper bags or boxes. It's crucial to pack the right order into a box, but doing it by
hand might lead to blunders under pressure (Shamim, 2019). The outcomes are either a
poor client experience or a high rate of returns. Automatic packaging system can be
employed for more effective and sustainable packaging.

LO 5
Task 2
2.1 Identification of Information/ Data Management System that can
improve business process
Information systems involve people, information, and technology, but people are by far
the most important element since, without them, no organization could operate. The
administration of transactions, records, and finances is one of the most important
aspects of a company that uses IT (Kitsios, 2019). Human resource management,
sales, and marketing operations can benefit from the real-time transmission of their
restaurant's inventory, point-of-sale or POS, and financial data. The information/data
management system discussed below can improve business process and make it more
profitable (Grover et al., 2018)
Strategic Information System: Information systems that are built in response to
corporate business initiatives are known as strategic information systems. They are
designed to provide the company a competitive advantage. McDonald's is improving its
IT application to ensure that its business objectives are successfully completed (Rao,
2019)). McDonald's has incorporated modern technology into its restaurants to better
serve its guests, including flat-screen televisions, wireless networks, video gaming
consoles, music videos, and Internet terminals. The order and payment procedures are
accelerated using IT. The information stored in the POS will be helpful in figuring out
current customer trends and how the firm is running. With the use of this information,
McDonald's will be able to better meet the demands of its clients and acquire a
worldwide view on the effectiveness of its stores and overall profitability (Mitra, 2019).
Sales Information System: The Sales Information System is a versatile tool that
enables businesses to gather, combine, and make use of data from the processing of
sales and distribution. It may be used as a control and planning tool at many stages of
the decision-making process, allowing to identify market developments and economic
trends early on and take necessary action (Mendling, 2018). The Logistic Information
System (LIS), which also includes information systems for purchasing and the shop
floor, includes the Sales Information System as one of its many components. LIS
information systems have several data analysis functions that they access from the
main system, and they all have common organizational structures and user standards.
Businesses may utilize the aggregation feature to filter out crucial data and provide it to
users in a way that best serves their needs (Chiang 2018). The level of information a

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user receives is up to him or her. Business can not only gather and combine actual data
from Sales and Distribution procedures, but it may also generate its own planning data.
Human Resource Information System: The HRIS is a system that is used to collect
and store data on an organization’s employees. An HRIS includes all essential features
required for complete human resources management (Sun et al., 2018). It is a system
for learning and development, performance management, and appraisal. Using HRIS a
business can benefitted in:
Record Keeping: HRIS offers a mechanism for keeping track of changes to
everything involving personnel. When it comes to personnel data, the HRIS might
be viewed as the only reliable source of information.
Compliance: For compliance-related purposes, certain data is gathered and
retained. This contains information on how to identify personnel in the event of
theft, fraud, or other wrongdoing, first responder contacts in the event of an
accident, citizen identifying details for the tax office, and obligatory certification
expiration dates. The HRIS has the capacity to store all of this data. Data storage
must be done safely and securely (Saake, 2018).
HR Strategy: The HRIS makes it possible to track the data needed to enhance
company and HR strategies. There will be different types of data that must be
tracked depending on the organization's priorities. The HRIS excels in this
situation.
POS (Point of Sale): This software is used at McDonald's restaurants on touch displays
or mobile devices. This system's core component, real-time transaction tracking,
enables McDonald's to guarantee quick and accurate order processing, including
sending an order to the kitchen screens and handling credit card payments. "Point of
Sale (POS)" system has been used by McDonald's to guarantee that consumers
receive their food promptly and accurately (Prioux, 2019). The electronic cash registers
in McDonald's restaurants, which can scan and process electronic cards like a debit
card, are integrated with the restaurant's point-of-sale system. When crucial information
is needed for decision-making, it analyzes, stores, and may also retrieve data or
transmit information to the main computers. This is more likely to happen when there
are several cars in the "drive-in through" area. Time is significantly saved, procedures
are simplified, and data flow is facilitated. Because they were happy with the delivery
service, customers would come back to the restaurant (Prioux, 2019).

2.2 Database for information system and data that are required to store
A database is a methodical or well-organized grouping of associated data that is kept in
a way that makes it simple to access, retrieve, manage, and change. It is the location of
all data storage, similar to a library that has a broad selection of books from many
genres. There is different database for different purpose. McDonald's has adopted a
more information-centric business strategy, and data-driven decisions have become the
standard (Wan, 2018). Creating data visualizations and combining all McDonald's
locations into one database gave the company more understanding of its customers
and employees. McDonald’s uses transaction processing system database to support

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its transactions with the suppliers. It records the information such as supplier name,
address, quality index, amount purchased and price. To make the customer service
faster with quality McDonald’s incorporated Point of Sale system. The system records
customers demand, arrival time, buying behavior, specification. The information may be
used further for quality management, service improvement, customer relation and
marketing (Boulila, 2018). To empower the employees of McDonald’s, they
implemented Hyperactive Bob System that let the employees to know the peak hour.
The system uses computers, cameras, traffic data etc.

2.3 Big data for food business and analytical tools used for business
In case of food business big data means customers information, demographics,
geographical are, buying behavior, supplier information, transaction history etc. Every
time an item is sold it generates large amount of unstructured data from many
dimensions. Big data analytical tools allow business to convert these data into valuable
information for further use. The information generated then helps in decision making
process. One such example is being able to foresee peak demand by knowing when
customers are most likely to utilize a drive-through lane. In light of shifting sands and
evolving cultural norms, design, information, and user experience all require continuous
iteration.
NoSQL
The management of McDonald's is aware of the standardized Global Technologies for
NoSQL databases, search, and knowledge discovery. Because of this, they have been
able to successfully communicate the guiding principles of their business while also
ensuring a positive approach to document management and database construction.
Thanks to NoSQL database technology, it also helped them predict outcomes and
enhance decision-making for upcoming business goals (Harb et al., 2019). Because
they understood search and knowledge discovery, McDonald's management was able
to incorporate efficient tools and technology to enable self-service extraction of their
company's accumulated information. The management of McDonald's may use it to
help enhance insights from large databases or repositories of both structured and
unstructured data by quoting information from a variety of sources, including streams,
APIs, other file systems, databases, and other mobile platforms (Farid, 2018).
Application of the big data tools covers inventory management, new equipment, sales
management, advertising, survey conducted, customer taste, service delivery, market
share, product development, etc.

LO7
Task 3
3.1 Exploration and expectation from intelligent tools for order fulfillment
Software for business intelligence and analytics is used to see and analyze data
gathered from a restaurant. As a result, restaurant owners are better able to assess the
state of their company and make decisions that will benefit both the present and the
future. Restaurants may accomplish the same objective without Business Intelligence

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tools, however certain BI packages are created especially for the restaurant sector and
include features catered to the needs of companies (Richards 2019).
POS Software
Restaurants may employ food delivery software to provide customers on-demand
deliveries and to submit orders to drivers. The top point-of-sale (POS) and restaurant
delivery software integrate seamlessly, allowing you to configure everything from a
single platform. Restaurants may import data from their POS systems, restaurant
management systems, and other frameworks for tracking delivery and takeout that
collect data that can be used in the restaurant business intelligence platform with the
use of business intelligence and analytics software. Additionally, data from restaurant
inventory management and buying software may allow for the creation of a complete
image of the business (Mugahed, 2018).
Queue order by AI software
When servicing a big number of clients, there is a considerable risk that mistakes will be
made, thus the arranging of orders, whether they are received in the driveway, online,
or in the restaurant, is very crucial. Filtering orders based on location, preparation time,
and price is made easier with the use of automated order queuing. Overall, queueing
aids in order fulfillment and frees up personnel to focus fully on other tasks rather than
fret over stacks of orders. Customers and restaurants all throughout the world have
expressed satisfaction with order queuing, demonstrating its value (Leung. 2018).

3.2 How BI tools and system can support the business

Business intelligence tools supports its stakeholder by making it easy and available in
the following ways:
Stakeholders: Software for restaurant business intelligence and analytics provides
owners with both a comprehensive view of their company's performance and in-depth
data-driven perspectives of certain areas of their organization (Yeoh, 2019). It enables
to take more justified decision about future of the organization.
Customers: Restaurants have real-time access to problems thanks to intelligent tools,
enabling them to address them before unhappy customers post complaints online. The
distribution of menu selections from restaurants to consumers' homes and workplaces is
made possible and easier by food delivery software (Ahmad, 2019). With food delivery
software, the majority of the delivery management process is automated, including:

 taking delivery requests.

 selecting delivery method.

 Money received for delivery orders.

Competitors: Based on the data and analysis offered by business intelligence and
analytics software for dining and takeaways, restaurant owners and operators can alter
their corporate strategy, marketing strategy (Lizz, 2020).

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3.3 Implication of suggested Intelligence tools
Security Issues: To leverage huge data and improve business decisions, restaurants
may employ business intelligence (BI) technologies like Microsoft Power Bi. 48 percent
of firms believe that these solutions are essential, according to Select Hub (Ahmad,
2021). The security risk introduced by BI tools, on the other hand, is something that
businesses must manage. Given how difficult it is to attack, the recommended program
has almost zero security flaws. Unsafe security system may cause complete shut down
of business, data theft, financial loss, credit card information theft and confidential
information leak (Farid, 2020). To safeguard particularly sensitive data, such as
customer information, data encryption techniques may be utilized. Certain people have
the ability to regulate this encrypted data, banning downloads and restricting usage just
inside the building. When a user has the choice to download information, that
information should be time-sensitive and should be automatically deleted from the
user's computer once the time limit has passed.
Environmental impacts: Using intelligent tools food service company like McDonald’s
can keep track of their demand and supply. Intelligent tools may help to choose
sustainable supplier of raw materials. Intelligent business tools may help to monitor the
impact of their business in the environment and species (Chen, 2018). They can keep
track of their waste management system using AI software. Using customer
demographics, cultural and taste data restaurant may modify the amount of food with
the agreement of the customer to reduce food waste and make it available for hungry
people.

Conclusion
Information management is the key to success in business nowadays. McDonald’s
sophisticated restaurant management system is one of the most important success
factors of their business. The company is open to adopt any technology that is helpful
for the business operation, empowering the employees and ensures sustainable
business operations. McDonald’s employees are aware that every decision they take
have a long-term effect on the business. An error may hamper the business image and
loss of loyal customer. These errors may be avoided by using information technology in
business. Therefore, management of McDonald’s recognizes the need of integration of
business intelligence with strategy and keeps the business process up-to-date with data
driven technological assistance.

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