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2.
How
to
write
a
research
paper?
in
this
workshop,
we
will
discuss;
-
Structure
of
a
paper
including
abstract,
introduction,
method,...
-
Introducing
the
best
publisher
and
scientific
journals
-
Journal
selection
for
authors
and
publishing
tips
-
What
is
the
impact
factor,
H-
index,...?
-
Question
&
Answer
The
Pennsylvania
legal
Age
of
Consent
for
sexual
contact
is
16
years
old.
There
are
a
total
of
A
total
of
thirty
one
states
have
set
their
age
of
consent
at
16,
Use
Times
New
Roman
or
Arial
font
as
well
as
12
font
size.
Put
your
Twitter
and
Insta
handle
if
you
must!
You
make
your
spacing larger. 18. 18 | P a g e Formal vs. Informal English One of the most difficult habits for young
writers is to write in the proper form of English for a particular piece of literature. Writers must
always anticipate the expectations of their readers and attempt to write with the level of language
that will meet those expectations. Because this particular essay has been assigned as part of a class
curriculum, formal English is expected. In order to meet the requirements of formal English, writers
must be aware of a number of aspects of their writing, including but not limited to: 1. Slang: Should
be avoided unless it is required as part of a name or quotation. 2. Local Phrases: Words and phrases
that are known mainly or only by speakers in certain groups or regions should be avoided unless they
are
quotations or part of a name 3. Contractions: Most contractions such as can’t and they’ll should be
avoided but some of the more common ones may be considered acceptable. Ask your individual
teacher. 4. Overly Wordy: Be careful to avoid unnecessarily long descriptions and explanations. 5.
Redundant: Once a topic is covered, move on. 6. Grammar/Punctuation: Apply the required rules.
Tone A writer's tone is a reflection of that writer's attitude towards the topic of the paper. While it is
important for a writer to persuade the readers to agree with a specific point of view, it is best to let
the
evidence and analysis included in the paper accomplish that work for the writer. Writers should avoid
allowing their attitude to overly shape the tone of a research paper by including sarcasm, insults or
emotion. An objective tone called Standard Written English has long been considered the acceptable
tone to use in academic papers and most notable professional publications. It follows accepted rules
of
usage, structure, grammar and punctuation and is written to avoid confusion due to an emotionally
biased author. By sticking to this approach, writers of research papers will allow their claims be
supported by facts rather than emotional pleas. tcc)(l)©©| I This work is licensed by the MA
Department of Elementary & Secondary Education under the Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Educators may use, adapt,
and/or share. Not for commercial use. To view a copy of the license, visit http:/
/creativecommons.Org/licenses/bv-nc-sa/3.0/ C. Therefore: Wedgewood, unlike Spode, delayed the
expansion of the pottery market. PA age of consent laws does not take into consideration any age
difference regulations, Popular In Children Laws. For legal advice, There are also types of research
where writers use previous experimental results and the theoretical work of other scholars to lend
credence to their claims. A body of evidence is built for readers to judge. It is, to some extent, can be
likened to the proceedings of a court case. You show results and draw conclusions from them. To be
honest there is no rule book or a set of formulas which will give you the best or better topic. Once
you
have
a
number of topics in hand you need to evaluate as to which topic interests you and your audience
more. After revising your paper to address problems in content or style, you will complete one final
editorial review. Perhaps you already have caught and corrected minor mistakes during previous
revisions. Nevertheless, give your draft a final edit to make sure it is error-free. Your final edit
should focus on two broad areas: 28. 28 | P a g e Directions: Based on the sources you have selected,
apply the following questions to one print source. Once you have answered as many questions as
possible please decide if the source you have selected is reliable or not reliable and offer one
paragraph to explain/support your decision. Print Sources What are the credentials of the author? Is
the
author qualified to write on this topic? Have they published any additional works? Where were they
educated/trained? Are they currently/formerly employed in a field related to the topic of the source?
Where? Where any sources cited in this book or article? What types of sources were used? Offer a
sampling of these sources. tcc)Ci)©©| I This work is licensed by the MA Department of Elementary
&
Secondary Education under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0
Unported License (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Educators may use, adapt, and/or share. Not for commercial
use. To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/bv-nc-sa/3.0
/ Professional Essay Writers | Reliable Essay Writing Service Address a counterargument to
strengthen your case. While it’s not always necessary, addressing a counterargument can help make
your
argument more convincing. After layout out your evidence, mention a contrasting view on the topic.
Then explain why that differing perspective is incorrect and why your claim is more plausible.[8] If
you
bring up a counterargument, make sure it’s a strong claim that’s worth entertaining instead of ones
that's weak and easily dismissed. And, the specific statements are usually the answers to research
questions that are relevant to research or professional communities. Thus, it is best to be attuned to
these interests to increase the chance of getting your work published. There are at least two basic
things here to consider: (1) unanswered questions and (2) conceptual clarifications. Revise your
paper
to
improve organization and cohesion. In the social sciences, many researchers opt to go for qualitative
research
papers. This type of research does not focus on the numerical aspects of measurement. Instead, it
focuses on behavioral descriptions, opinions, social observation accounts, motivations, and the like.
This species of research primarily mines for the descriptive qualities of a research object of a natural
or
social kind from human observers (scientifically trained or untrained). It does not focus much, if at
all, on quantifiable metrics. Some important characteristics of a good research paper are: However,
you
may slice the pie, demonstration of the different levels of evidence and/or proof is always essential to
show your readers how you got to one conclusion given your premises and the methods you used.
This is usually the “meat" of a research paper. This can take up one section or many depending on
your
topic, research questions, and discipline. 15. Graphical Presentation • Figure – Appropriate – Avoid
photos of experiment… – Caption • Table – Avoid tables of ≤3 data/information – Row/column
header – Avoid sentence – Unit (SI…) – Title/caption 06-May-15 ©Amimul Ehsan 15 Comments: An
effective research paper uses a style and tone that are appropriately academic and serious. When
revising a research paper, check that the style and tone are consistent throughout. © 2021 The
Oscillation / All rights reserved In theoretical work, researchers try to bring credence to their main
thesis by bringing the reader over to their ways of thinking about certain phenomena or abstract
research
objects. This is usually a mix of informal (using words) and formal (using symbols) languages like a
discussion in English sprinkled with mathematics here and there. They usually build a case of why a
particular point of view can help in explaining and predicting phenomena. Theorizing in the natural
and
social sciences can become abstract. But then, there is the stranger and even more abstract world of
formal sciences. Types of research papers here range from pure mathematics and logic to applied
mathematics and scientific modeling. In this subsection, we will discuss the main research themes.
This may spur you to consider going into the formal science research direction or incorporating some
of
its techniques. Then, you could explain how Spode differed from competitors like Wedgewood, who
continued to court aristocratic consumers instead of expanding the market to the middle class. To be
honest there is no rule book or a set of formulas which will give you the best or better topic. Once
you
have
a
number of topics in hand you need to evaluate as to which topic interests you and your audience
more.
Have
a
CLEAR
and
CONCISE
thesis.
Do
not
use
irrelevant
quotes.
Have
a
clear
and
related
intro
and
conclusion.
PhD
in
Cognitive
Psychology,
University
of
California,
Los
Angeles
children
less
than
13
years
of
age
cannot
grant
consent
to
sexual
activity.
Help
in
PA.
Locations;
Find
Services;
Medical;
Age
of
Consent
infographic
14:38
Shakasho:
For
easy
reference,
include
your
sources
where
they
fit
into
your
outline,
like
this:
18.
How
to
write
a
research
paper?
Methods
•
Provide
the
reader
enough
details
so
they
can
understand
and
replicate
your
research
•
Explain
how
you
studied
the
problem,
identify
the
procedures
you
followed,
and
order
these
chronologically
where
possible
•
Explain
new
methodology
in
detail;
otherwise
name
the
method
and
cite
the
previously
published
work
•
Include
the
frequency
of
observations,
what
types
of
data
were
recorded,
etc.
•
Be
precise
in
describing
measurements
and
include
errors
of
measurement
or
research
design
limits
11.
Get
Advice
If
you
are
confused
with
a
topic
that
feels
“just
right,”
then
get
advice
from
your
professor
or
coworkers/
classmates.

Don’t
be
afraid
to
change
your
topic.
If
you
select
a
topic,
start
researching,
and
realize
that
it
isn’t
the
right
decision
for
you
for
some
reason,
don’t
afraid!
You
can
change
the
topic.
For
more
Https:/
/
www.ThesisScientist.com
11.
11
|
P
a
g
e
b.
These
points
will
have
more
than
one
piece
of
evidence
to
bolster
them
and
will
be
referred
to
specifically
in
the
thesis
statement
of
your
final
copy.
Arrange
these
thoughts
in
some
logical
order.
c.
The
logic
behind
this
order
will
vary
greatly
depending
on
the
topic
of
your
essay
but
you
may
consider
chronological,
order
of
importance
or
by
volume
of
information
available.
2.
Once
the
major
headings
have
been
chosen,
sub-
topics
that
explain
your
major
points
can
be
added.
a.
These
usually
come
in
order
underneath
each
of
the
major
topics
and
can
be
labeled
with
Roman
numerals
or
capital
letters.
b.
Each
sub-
topic
must
be
connected
to
the
major
point
under
which
it
is
listed
and
support
that
topic.
c.
A
good
way
to
complete
this
important
task
involves
the
use
of
index
cards.
This
will
allow
you
to
create
a
"storyboard"
of
your
paper.
You
can
then
move
these
ideas
around
to
see
where
they
will
fit
best.
3.
At
this
point
you
may
have
to
revise
your
choices
of
major
points
based
on
the
availability
and
strength
of
sub-
topics.
a.
You
may
consider
adding,
removing
or
rewording
the
major
points
but
remember
to
keep
these
changes
in
mind
when
considering
your
thesis
statement.
b.
It
is
important
to
remember
that
you
can
never
have
a
single
sub-
topic
or
piece
of
evidence
in
an
outline.
You
should
not
be
writing
a
#1
if
there
is
no
#2
to
follow
it
(or
a,
without
b,
etc.).
c.
If
you
find
that
you
do
not
have
the
ability
to
add
additional
pieces
to
make
a
series,
consider
adding
the
portion
you
do
have
to
another
part
of
your
essay.
4.
The
final
portion
of
the
outline
is
the
evidence
that
supports
the
sub-
topics.
a.
These
pieces
will
be
filled
in
beneath
the
sub-
topics
and
should
be
labeled
with
standard
numbers
or
lower
case
letters.
b.
Again,
be
sure
that
these
are
aligned
with
the
correct
subtopic
by
relevance
and
that
they
support
both
the
sub-
topic
and
the
major
point
of
the
paragraph.
Creating
an
outline
may
require
you
to
rethink
large
portions
of
your
original
ideas
in
order
to
create
the
best
argument
possible.
It
is
not
uncommon
to
have
significantly
different
arguments
when
you've
completed
your
outline
than
you
did
when
you
began
it.
Remember,
your
outline
is
not
final,
you
can
move
things
around
as
ideas
come
to
you
or
as
new
sources
strengthen
or
weaken
parts
of
your
paper.
icc)CD®
©I
I
This
work
is
licensed
by
the
MA
Department
of
Elementary
&
Secondary
Education
under
the
Creative
Commons
Attribution-
NonCommercial-
ShareAlike
3.0
Unported
License
(CC
BY-
NC-
SA
3.0).
Educators
may
use,
adapt,
and/
or
share.
Not
for
commercial
use.
To
view
a
copy
of
the
license,
visit
http:/
/
creativecommons.Org/
licenses/
bv-
nc-
sa/
3.0/
45.
Body
45
What
is
Body?

This
is
your
work
on
problem.

Key
concept
has
to
be
kept
in
this
section
as
concise
as
you
possibly
can.

Reader
will
want
to
read
this
material
selectively.
The
reader
may
only
be
interested
in
one
formula
or
part
of
a
procedure.
What
should
Body
Contain?

Describe
the
hypothesis,
methodology,
solution,
experiments,
data
gathered,
analysis,
benchmarking,
validation
and
comparison
with
earlier
published
results

Attach
data
and
supporting
evidences
about
your
claims
in
Appendix
You
may
feel
like
you
need
a
break
from
your
paper
before
you
revise
and
edit
it.
That
is
understandable—but
leave
yourself
with
enough
time
to
complete
this
important
stage
of
the
writing
process.
In
this
section,
you
will
learn
the
following
specific
strategies
that
are
useful
for
revising
and
editing
a
research
paper:
24.
Some
Ethical
Issues
•
Recognize,
acknowledge…
•
Author/
co-
authorship
Your
supervisor
is
always
right
…no
matter
what!!!!
06-
May-
15
©Amimul
Ehsan
24
10.
10
|
P
a
g
e
Outlining
Your
Paper
Outlines
are
the
typically
the
second
major
portion
of
the
paper
writing
process.
They
are
often
created
after
the
bulk
of
the
research
has
been
completed
and
lead
into
the
writing
of
the
actual
paper
itself.
It
is
important
to
remember
that
an
outline
is
different
form a rough draft. Why create an outline? 1. Outlines are great organizational tools; they can
transform your partial ideas and pre reading notes into a coherent and directed work. 2. An outline
seeks to produce a mere skeleton of the actual research paper. a. Some parts of the outline may have
full sentences and complete detail, other portions will have words, phrases, references to other works
and
quotes.
3.
The
goal of an outline isn't to construct complete arguments, rather to find the best way to organize your
ideas
and
create
a
direction that the eventual paper will follow. a. The outline is really about breaking a research paper
up into small, well organized and manageable portions. b. In many cases your outline will give you a
great idea as to the strengths and weaknesses of your paper. 4. There are several ways to create an
outline
for
a
research
paper
and
all of them can be useful if done properly. 5. The key to making an outline a useful one is to make
sure
the
details
the
plan for exploring are laid out in a logical pattern and are grouped together in a way that allows the
reader
to
focus on similar thoughts. a. If you fail to organize your details with the readers in mind you will
make
it
very difficult for them to understand your arguments. What are the steps to create an outline? It is
common to skip the introduction and conclusion when creating an outline. Those portions of the
essay
will
be
dealt with when creating a rough draft and can be omitted in an outline unless the classroom teacher
assigns otherwise. Your outline should deal with the important arguments and support of your thesis
that
is
always
part
a
well written paper. 1. The first step in creating an outline is deciding what topics are major topics for
your
argument. a. Make a list of your main topics/arguments you will use to support your thesis. i. Using
this
list write the main points you will use in support each of these topics/arguments. tcc)Ci)©©| I This
work
is
licensed
by
the
MA
Department
of
Elementary
&
Secondary
Education
under
the
Creative
Commons
Attribution-
NonCommercial-
ShareAlike
3.0
Unported
License
(CC
BY-
NC-
SA
3.0).
Educators
may
use,
adapt,
and/
or
share.
Not
for
commercial
use.
To
view
a
copy
of
the
license,
visit
http:/
/
creativecommons.Org/
licenses/
bv-
nc-
sa/
3.0/
It
can
be
for
the
both, whether you invent something new to implement or you gather some sort of data based
valuable information and synthesize it. 36. Contribution to body of knowledge/theory Important
Points for Research Paper 36 Results and Validation of solutions/results Problem, Solution,
Experiments/Data Collection Useful to academicians as well as business Publish in Journals and
Conference of Repute 16. Graphical Presentation (contd.) • Graph – Best way to present data, result,
analysis – Color, style – Indications (axes label, ledger etc.) – Title • Video – Video abstract –
Resolution, duration and file size 06-
May-
15
©Amimul
Ehsan
16 8. Top 5 Discussion Topics of Teenager Girls 1 2 3 4 5 It’s wise to get feedback from one person
who’s familiar with your topic and another who’s not. The person who knows about the topic can
help ensure you’ve nailed all the details. The person who’s unfamiliar with the topic can help make
sure
your
writing
is
clear
and
easy
to
understand. 21. Edit Your Rough Draft If you edit your own paper, wait minimum three days
before
returning to it. Don’t neglect edits by others just because they need a bit more work. Create The
Final Draft You are prepared to make the final draft. Go through your paper and correct all mistakes,
rearranging information if important. Adjust the line spacing, font and margins to fulfill the needs set
by
your
professor. For more Https://www.ThesisScientist.com Download to read offline For instance, a
researcher can offer an explanatory account of certain phenomena. One example would be the Big
Bang theory, which links the decline in the temperature of the universe to the ‘redshift’ that can be
caused by distant galaxies receding from our own (Ball, 2000). Rated 3.7/5 based on 1 customer
reviews 8 May, 2017 Normally, when people have a desire to write a research paper, they already
know what their papers will be about. They, at the least, already have topics in mind. But some have
trouble homing in on what to write about especially as research topics can be quite broad. And, in
fact, topics can be addressed from different perspectives and levels. Jorge decided that his comment
about
pizza and birthday cake came across as subjective and was not necessary to make his point, so he
deleted it. He also realized that the quotation at the end of the paragraph was awkward and
ineffective. How would his readers know who Kwon was or why her opinion should be taken
seriously? Adding an introductory phrase helped Jorge integrate this quotation smoothly and
establish the credibility of his source. 10. Top 5 Discussion Topics of Teenager Girls Study Food
Fashion Relationship Gossip 4. How to write a research paper? Author versus Reader Behaviour •
Author behaviour – Want to publish more – Peer review essential – Other journal functions crucial –
Wider dissemination • Reader behaviour – Want integrated system – Browsing is crucial – Quality
information
important
– Want to read less 23. 23 | P a g e 1. Caribbean Magazine 2. Jamaica tourist c. Scholarly Journals:
Scholarly journals are published on a monthly, quarterly or yearly basis and are written for experts of
particular disciplines. Journals will offer a much deeper, academic analysis of a topic and are always
footnoted. These footnotes are an invaluable resource when looking for additional sources targeted
to
your
topic.
i. Examples 1. Journal of Massachusetts History 2. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics S
Many libraries have access to online databases. Be sure to check the list or ask the librarian which
database would be the best for your research. S Some databases require a log-in ID and password,
usually
obtained from the Reference Librarian. S Many databases offer full text articles from numerous
journals. Be sure to check their footnotes for more sources. d. Databases: Databases are collections of
articles and materials related to a particular discipline or area of study. The database usually provides
a
summary of the article, book or source along with the necessary citation information. Many
databases now feature full text articles from newspapers, magazines and journals. You will likely
need
your
library card and/or the aid of the librarian to access these tools. Some databases are even accessible
from
home! i. Examples 1. InfoTrak: Collection of 1,000 periodicals (including the New York Times and
Wall Street Journal). Many are available in full text format. 2. Gale Virtual Reference Library:
Provides full text of hundreds of electronic reference books on a wide range of subjects, including:
the
arts, business, education, history, law, medicine and science. 3. Humanities Full Text: This database
indexes, abstracts and provides the full text of articles, interviews, obituaries, bibliographies, original
works of fiction, drama, and poetry, book reviews and media reviews. 4. Literature Criticism Online:
This
resource directs the user to commentaries on classic and contemporary books, plays, and poems. 3.
Other Sources a. Interviews: People are a great source of information. If you researching the Great
Depression why not interview someone who was alive during it? In many cases the information you
gain from interviews will serve to strength your researched argument. i. Examples 1. Interview a
Vietnam veteran about his experiences during the war. :«■!«-■ This work is licensed by the MA
Department
of
Elementary
&
Secondary
Education
under
the
Creative
Commons
Attribution-
NonCommercial-
ShareAlike
3.0
Unported
License
(CC
BY-
NC-
SA
3.0).
Educators
may
use,
adapt,
and/
or
share.
Not
for
commercial
use.
To
view
a
copy
of
the
license,
visit
http:/
/
creativecommons.Org/
licenses/
bv-
nc-
sa/
3.0/
This
is
also a great opportunity to make sure your paper fulfills the parameters of the assignment and
answers the prompt! 19:16 Taulmaran: and that the title is centered.
In
terms
of
design,
research
design
definition
refers
to
the
overall
plan
or
strategy
that
guides
the
research
process.
It
outlines
the
specific
steps
and
procedures
that
will
be
followed
to
address
the
research
questions
or
objectives.
The
research
design
encompasses
various
elements
such
as
the
research
approach
(quantitative,
qualitative,
or
mixed
methods),
data
collection
methods,
sampling
strategy,
and
data
analysis
techniques.
A
well-
defined
research
design
ensures
that
the
study
is
conducted
in
a
systematic
and
rigorous
manner,
allowing
researchers
to
gather
reliable
and
valid
data
and
draw
meaningful
conclusions.
Virtually
all
disciplines,
ranging
from
the
natural
sciences
to
the
humanities
use
both
theories
and
empirical
information
to
create
their
bodies
of
knowledge.
Commonly,
there
are
theoreticians
and
experimentalists
in
disciplines
save
for
most
of
the
formal
sciences
that
only
have
the
use
for
the
former
(we
will
touch
on
this
later
in
this
section).
Ages
of
consent
in
Europe
Age
of
consent
by
country
The
age
of
consent
is
called
the
legal
age
for
sexual
activities
and
must
be
chosen
by
states
at
the
age
A
thesis
should
be
specific
rather
than
vague,
such
as:
“Josiah
Spode’s
improved
formula
for
bone
china
enabled
the
mass
production
of
transfer-
printed
wares,
which
expanded
the
global
market
for
British
pottery.”
14.

I
can
see
future
challenges
and
emerging
trends
in
testing.

I
have
innovative
ideas
to
influence
business
and
community.

I
have
in-
depth
knowledge
and
skill
in
particular
area.

E.g.
Knowledge
of
Machine
Learning
Who
am
I
?
14
I
know
the
problems,
which
need
to
addressed.

I
can
systematically
analyze
the
problem
and
find
out
the
most
appropriate
solution.
Expert
Thought
Leader
Researcher
Contractions
(Can't,
Won't,
Didn't,)
19.
Conclusion
•
Restate
the
objective
•
Result
•
Achievement
•
Comment
•
Recommendation
•
Any
related
text
that
does
not
fit
above
*Typically
readers
jump
to
conclusion
immediately
after
the
abstract.
06-
May-
15
©Amimul
Ehsan
19
How
do
we
know
what
topic
is
better
than
the
other
ones?
9.
9
|
P
a
g
e
a.
Consult
your
local
libraries
for
books
and
articles
on
the
topic
b.
Check
for
any
useful
online
sources
c.
If
you
discover
you
do
not
have
enough
information
go
back
to
step
2)
7.
Consider
the
length
of
time
and
size
of
the
assignment
a.
Do
not
try
to
write
a
history
of
the
entire
world
for
a
three
page
paper.
b.
Do
not
try
to
write
about
something
tiny
for
a
fifteen
page
paper.
c.
Is
your
topic
manageable
given
the
time
you
have
to
complete
your
paper?
d.
If
you
discover
you
cannot
manage
the
topic
in
the
time
provided
or
it
will
not
fulfill
the
requirements
of
the
assignment
go
back
to
step
2.
8.
Choose
your
working
topic
a.
This
may
change
a
little
bit
before
you
begin
writing
your
final
draft
9.
Begin
reading
as
much
as
you
can
on
your
topic
a.
The
more
you
read
about
your
topic
the
more
effectively
you
will
able
to
write.
b.
Once
you
have
completed
some
pre-
reading
you
can
make
an
educated
choice
on
your
final
topic.
TOPIC
CHECKLIST
1.
______
I
have
chosen
a
subject
that
satisfies
the
assignment
requirements.
2.
_______I
have
chosen
an
appropriate
topic
that
is
connected
to
the
required
subject,
and
satisfies
the
assignment
requirements.
3. _______I have found different and adequate amount of sources on my topic. 4. _______I have
completed
some
pre-
reading
on
my topic. 5. ______ I have finalized my topic and received approval from my teacher icc)CD® ©I I
This
work is licensed by the MA Department of Elementary & Secondary Education under the Creative
Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).
Educators may use, adapt, and/or share. Not for commercial use. To view a copy of the license, visit
http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/bv-nc-sa/3.0/ 49. Different Types of Papers (1/2) 49 Analytical
Paper Contains multiple points of views Author analyzes all the points and draws a conclusion
Argumentative Paper Contain arguments and personal points of view and solution by the writer
Contains the two sides of a controversial issue Author needs to be unbiased and neutral Compare
and
Contrast Paper Contains two works of the same nature Discuss about the PROS and CONS of
the
two works Always based on Literature and Balanced comparison essential Reference: http:/
/valwriting.com/blog/research-papers/the-different-types-of-research-paper%E2%80%A6 For easy
reference, include your sources where they fit into your outline, like this: What about can I write for
the
introduction? 5. Title It should be clear, concise and adequately self explanatory regarding the
contents of the report. Should be catchy enough to grab the attention of the reader. Should be
of
optimum length, neither too short nor too long. Order of words should be proper, so as to convey
the
correct meaning. It is desirable to avoid the use of abbreviations, chemical formulae, trademark
names, jargon etc. B. Wedgewood: Courted high-priced luxury market; lower emphasis on mass
production
(Himmelweit, 2001, 71) You make all periods and commas 14pt. But spending an hour endlessly
clicking to reach a page count seems less painful than thinking of something else to write. You put
extra space around your super long and bolded title. Although accepted writing styles will vary
within different disciplines, the underlying goal is the same—to come across to your readers as a
knowledgeable, authoritative guide. Writing about research is like being a tour guide who walks
readers
through a topic. A stuffy, overly formal tour guide can make readers feel put off or intimidated. Too
much
informality or humor can make readers wonder whether the tour guide really knows what he or she
is
talking about. Extreme or emotionally charged language comes across as unbalanced. 4. Components
of
a
research
paper: Title Name(s) of the author(s) with the address of the institution(s) to which the
author(s) belonged when the work was carried out Keywords Abstract Introduction
Material and Methods Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References
An example would be a controversial critique of the field of string theory by Lee Smolin (2007)
where he successfully or unsuccessfully (depending on your take) cast doubt on aspects of the
research
program. He did not only analyze the lines or reasoning or “how come they might think this." He
also provided his account of “what for." The research motivations of others are a part of his
research. So, research in the formal sciences is not only limited to the exploration of abstract ideas
for
pure intellectual curiosity. It can also be used to model, analyze, simulate, and predict natural and
social phenomena. Thus, if you have a great interest in and some aptitude for abstract-symbolic and
mathematical thinking, you can go for a more formal approach in theoretical research. It also helps
when you have a background in programming. Ask a friend, relative, or teacher to read your work
before
you
submit it. Have 1 or 2 people assess your draft’s organization, persuasiveness, spelling, and grammar.
New readers can help you find any mistakes and unclear spots that you may have overlooked.[14]
Aspiring researchers tend to have difficulties in how to write research paper for publication. Some do
not
know
exactly where to start on a thesis while others have trouble making their ideas come across clearly.
Ask a friend, relative, or teacher to read your work before you submit it. Have 1 or 2 people assess
your
draft’s organization, persuasiveness, spelling, and grammar. New readers can help you find any
mistakes and unclear spots that you may have overlooked.[14] This may be a bit technical and too
particular
to
these fields. However, using these concepts for an analogy can be quite useful. It is because, in other
disciplines,
disclosing a set of allowable inferences in a paper is standard practice, albeit in different forms. In
the
sciences, these rules of inferences can be roughly translated to the term “methodology." Then, you
could explain how Spode differed from competitors like Wedgewood, who continued to court
aristocratic consumers instead of expanding the market to the middle class. This article was co-
authored by Chris Hadley, PhD. Chris Hadley, PhD is part of the wikiHow team and works on
content strategy and data and analytics. Chris Hadley earned his PhD in Cognitive Psychology from
UCLA in 2006. Chris' academic research has been published in numerous scientific journals. This
article has been viewed 4,181,824 times. 9. How to write a research paper? Style and Language • If
English is not your first language, find a native English speaker (if possible) to review the content
and
language of the paper before submitting it • Regardless of primary language, find a colleague/editor
to
review the content and language of the paper PDF (12+) How to Write Research Papers & Essays
To be honest there is no rule book or a set of formulas which will give you the best or better topic.
Once
you
have
a
number of topics in hand you need to evaluate as to which topic interests you and your audience
more. 21. 21 | P a g e Sources Finding the correct sources to support your paper can be difficult,
especially given the amount of information readily available. If you consider some of the basic facts
about
sources, deciding where to look first will be easy. 1. Books a. Books: Books are written for a variety
of
audiences. Books usually offer an in depth analysis of a topic. Many books contain footnotes
allowing
the
reader to dig deeper into a particular topic. Due to the nature of the publishing process, books can
often become outdated or inaccurate overtime so be sure to check for updated research on your
particular
topic.
i. Examples 1. Biography of Edgar Allen Poe 2. The Things They Carried 3. The American Political
Tradition S Consider books about your general subject; they may contain a section, chapter or a few
pages on your particular topic. S Example: If your topic is "Music Piracy" you should consult books
on
the
music industry or internet crimes.. .each of which would likely contain a full treatment of your
specific
topic.
S Be sure to check the footnotes/bibliography of sources that are helpful in your research, this may
lead to additional, quality sources. b. Reference Books: Reference books are written for both general
and
scholarly audiences. Reference books usually contain a vast amount of information with little
analysis. These types of books can be a great place to start to get a feel for the different aspects of
your
topic.
i. Examples 1. Almanac 2. Encyclopedia 2. Periodicals a. Newspapers: Most newspapers are
published on a daily or weekly basis and are written for the general public. Papers usually deal with
immediate coverage of an event and answer those important "who, what, when, where and how"
questions. Newspaper editorials can be a helpful place to find specific, powerful views on a topic. i.
Examples 1. The Grenadian Voice 2. The Herald - St. Vincent b. Magazines: Most magazines are
published on a weekly or monthly basis and are written for the general public. Magazines usually
offer more analysis than a newspaper and in some cases even take a side on a controversial topic. i.
Examples tcc)®©© I This work is licensed by the MA Department of Elementary & Secondary
Education under the Creative Commons
Ask a friend, relative, or teacher to read your work before you submit it. Have 1 or 2 people assess
your draft’s organization, persuasiveness, spelling, and grammar. New readers can help you find any
mistakes and unclear spots that you may have overlooked.[14] However make sure that once you
finished writing you delete the template lead ins and make any corrections in case For instance, your
opening line could be, “Overlooked in the present, manufacturers of British pottery in the eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries played crucial roles in England’s Industrial Revolution.” Usually, the
development and communication of a particular thesis follow, more or less, the same order. This is
because, in general, the sequence of thought patterns that generated a thesis in the mind of a
researcher stands as the mirror image of the outline of the paper itself. Use Times New Roman or
Arial font as well as 12 font size. 11. How to write a research paper? Structure of a Paper Scientific
writing follows a rigid structure – a format developed over hundreds of years. Consequently, a paper
can be read at several levels: – Some people just will refer to the title – Others may read only the title
and abstract – Others will read the paper for a deeper understanding 6. Authors and Adresses
Written just below the title Prefixing of titles (e.g. Dr., Prof., etc.) and suffixing of degrees (Ph.D.,
M. D., etc.) to the names are not generally permitted. Mentioning of the designation of the authors
(Prof., Head, Reader etc.) has also to be avoided. The sequence of the authors depends on the
relative contribution, each author has made to the actual research work. If the authors belong to
different institutions , the name and address is marked with superscript like a, b, c …or 1,2,3….
How does one write a strong (good) introduction into a research paper? Some introductions make
me really curious about the rest of the paper while others do not. Download to read offline In the
sciences, past experiments and/or recent theories are cited. The same usually goes for the humanities.
For the formal sciences like mathematics and logic, the premise generally consists of axioms,
established results like theorems, and a bit of explaining. children less than 13 years of age cannot
grant consent to sexual activity. Help in PA. Locations; Find Services; Medical; Age of Consent
infographic 23. Whole Process in Brief • Plan • Outline • Graphics • Write…. 06-May-15 ©Amimul
Ehsan 23 When writing a research paper, it is easy to become overly focused on editorial details,
such as the proper format for bibliographical entries. These details do matter. However, before you
begin to address them, it is important to spend time reviewing and revising the content of the paper.
Normally, when people have a desire to write a research paper, they already know what their papers
will be about. They, at the least, already have topics in mind. But some have trouble homing in on
what to write about especially as research topics can be quite broad. And, in fact, topics can be
addressed from different perspectives and levels. Supernormal stimuli, an example in the last sub-
section, can serve as our example of how these forms of why questions can be investigated. 7.
GirlsBoys Example Research Problem Problem: Top 5 Discussion Topics of Teenagers Increase
Focus of Problem: Consider only Teenager Girls But, it is very important to hold yourself
accountable and set a preferred deadline that you want to beat. Of course, when doing empirical
research, you have to take into account the time you need to finish your experiments, observations,
or surveys. But, when it comes to the writing phase, make sure you write religiously. Also, it is
important to create a general outline before you start with your drafts. 44. Literature Review 44
What is Literature Review? A literature review is a text of a scholarly paper, which includes the
current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological
contributions to a particular topic. Evaluate all necessary knowledge areas about problem and
solution and do critical analysis. What should Literature Review Contain? Analysis of current
knowledge about problem, methodology, solution and results. IEEE Xplore Digital Library
(ieeexplore.ieee.org) Springer Verlag (springer.com) Elsevier (sciencedirect.com) ACM
Digital Library (dl.acm.org) Tip: Try to give yourself at least 2 or 3 days to revise your paper. It may
be tempting to simply give your paper a quick read and use the spell-checker to make edits.
However, revising your paper properly is more in-depth. #Happy_Writing Edit your paper to ensure
that language, citations, and formatting are correct. 22. 22 | P a g e Attribution-NonCommercial-
ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Educators may use, adapt, and/or share. Not
for commercial use. To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/bv-nc-
sa/3.0/ For instance, the upcoming event, The 17th International Conference on Education 2021 has
the theme of “Empowering Learners in a Digital World." Organizers are encouraging researchers to
present their ideas and results that address the current trends and developments in education amidst
the global pandemic. The only requirement for submission here is abstract submission. Cut out
unnecessary words and other fluff. In addition to your paper’s big-picture organization, zoom in on
specific words and make sure your language is strong. Double check that you’ve used the active
voice instead of the passive voice, and make sure your word choices are clear and concrete.[11] A
strong research paper comes across as straightforward, appropriately academic, and serious. It is
generally best to avoid writing in the first person, as this can make your paper seem overly subjective
and opinion based. Use Checklist 12.3 on style to review your paper for other issues that affect style
and tone. You can check for consistency at the end of the writing process. Checking for consistency
is discussed later in this section. 13. 13 | P a g e Outline Notes Use the following spaces to record
any thoughts or information pertaining to the process of outlining explained previously. Major Point:
Sub Topics: Evidence/Details: Major Point: Sub Topics: Evidence/Details: tcc)(l)©©| I This work is
licensed by the MA Department of Elementary & Secondary Education under the Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0).
Educators may use, adapt, and/or share. Not for commercial use. To view a copy of the license, visit
http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/bv-nc-sa/3.0/ Grammar, Mechanics, Punctuation, Usage, and
Spelling