Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STANDARD 8528-2
Third edition
2018-07
Reference number
ISO 8528-2:2018(E)
© ISO 2018
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ANSI
ISO 8528-2:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms, symbols, and definitions .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Other regulations and additional requirements ................................................................................................................. 7
5 General characteristics .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.1 Power characteristics ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5 .1 .1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1.2 ISO standard power....................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1.3 Service power ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Main characteristics of the RIC engine ............................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Low-load operation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
6 Speed characteristics ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
General
6.2 f
Typ es o s p eed governo r us ed f o r generating s ets .................................................................................................. 9
6.2.1 Proportional (P) governor ....................................................................................................................................... 9
6.2.2 Proportional Integral (PI) governor................................................................................................................ 9
6.2.3 Proportional Integral Differential (PID) governor.............................................................................. 9
6.3 Use of speed governor ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3 .1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3.2 Single operation ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
6.3.3 Parallel operation ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
7 RIC engine load acceptance .................................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
General
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the di fferent approval criteria needed for the
di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra fted in accordance with the
editorial rules o f the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights. Details o f
any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature o f standards, the meaning o f ISO specific terms and
expressions related to con formity assessment, as well as in formation about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 70, Internal combustion engines.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8528-2:2005), o f which it constitutes a
minor revision.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the normative references have been updated;
— editorial changes have been made.
A list of all parts in ISO 8528 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ANSI
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8528-2:2018(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are re ferred to in the text in such a way that some or all o f their content
constitutes requirements o f this document. For dated re ferences, only the edition cited applies. For
undated re ferences, the latest edition o f the re ferenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3046-1 , Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Performance — Part 1: Declarations ofpower, fuel
and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods — Additional requirements for engines for general use
ISO 8528-1:2018, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets —
Part 1: Application, ratings and performance
ISO 8528-5, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets — Part 5:
Generating sets
T a b l e 1 — S y m b o l s , t e r m s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s
generating set.
n sf Firing speed min −1
Engine speed to which an engine must
b e accelerate d from re s t b y the u s e o f a n
becomes self-sustaining.
n M a xi mu m p er m i s s ib le s p e e d min −1
Sp e e d o f the engi ne s p e c i fie d b y the RI C
Pa
a = 100 ×
Pr
EXAMPLE:
at 45 % p ower, a = 45 (see Figure 2)
For a = 45
Pa
n a = n i,r − ( n i,r − n r )
Pr
= n i,r − 0 , 45 ( n i,r − n r )
N o te 1 to entr y: C or re s p ond i ng va lue s o f
s peed,n r.
n L owe s t adj u s tab le no -lo ad s p e e d min −1
L owe s t s te ady- s tate en gi ne s p e e d witho ut
setting device.
n H ighe s t adj u s tab le no -lo ad s p e e d min −1
-
H ighe s t s te ady- s tate engi ne s p e e d with
setting device.
n Setting speed of overspeed limiting device min −1
Sp e e d o f the engi ne , the e xce e d i ng o f
device
d,o
NOTE 2 Fo r a g i ven e ng i ne , the o p e rati n g s p e e d dep end s o n the to ta l i ne r ti a o f the gene rati n g s e t a nd the de s i g n o f the
o vers p e e d p ro te c tio n s ys te m .
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Term Unit Definition
δn s Speed setting related range % Range o f speed setting, expressed as a
percentage o f the declared speed given by:
n i, max − n i,min
δ ns = × 100
nr
Δns Speed setting range min−1 Range between the highest and lowest
adjustable no-load speeds given by:
∆n s = n i,max − n i,min
δn s,do Speed setting related downward range % Downward range o f speed setting, ex-
pressed as a percentage of the declared
speed given by:
n i,r − n i,min
δ n s,do = × 100
nr
Δ n s,do Speed setting downward range min−1 Range between the declared no-load
speed and the lowest adjustable no-load
speed given by:
∆n s,do = n i,r − n i,min
δn s,up Speed setting related upward range % Upward range o f speed setting, expressed
as a percentage of the declared speed
given by:
n i,max − n i,r
δ n s,up = × 100
nr
Δ n s,up Speed setting upward range min−1 Range between the highest adjustable
no-load speed and the declared no-load
speed given by:
∆n s,up = n i,max − n i,r
νn Speed setting rate of change %·s−1 Rate of change of speed setting under
remote control, expressed as a percentage
of the related range of speed setting per
second given by:
( n i,max − n i,min ) / n r
νn = × 100
t
Adjustment range min−1 Speed range over which the overspeed
limiting device can be adjusted.
δn st Speed droop % Difference between the declared no-load
speed and the declared speed at declared
power, for fixed speed setting (see Fig-
ure 1). It is expressed as percentage of the
declared speed given by:
n i,r − n r
δ n st = × 100
nr
NOTE 1 The speed limit is the maximum calculated speed which the engine can sustain without risk o f damage.
NOTE 2 For a given engine, the operating speed depends on the total inertia o f the generating set and the design o f the
overspeed protection system.
NOTE 3 100 kPa = 1 bar.
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Term Unit Definition
Δ δn st Speed/power characteristic deviation % M a xi mu m de vi ation from a l i ne a r s p e e d
NOTE 2 Fo r a g i ven e ng i ne , the o p e rati n g s p e e d dep end s o n the to ta l i ne r ti a o f the gene rati n g s e t a nd the de s i g n o f the
o vers p e e d p ro te c tio n s ys te m .
Key
P engine power
n engine speed
1 speed/power characteristic curve
2 power limit
a Upward speed setting.
b Downward speed setting range.
c Range of speed setting.
Key
P engine power
n engine speed
1 linear speed/power characteristic curve
2 speed/power characteristic curve
a Speed/power characteristic deviation.
Key
t time
n engine speed
a Setting speed of overspeed limiting device.
b Operating speed of overspeed limiting device.
c Maximum permissible speed.
d Speed limit.
e Adjustment range.
5 General characteristics
5.1 Power characteristics
5.1.1 General
T he p ower output re qu i re d at the RI C engi ne coupl i ng (ne t bra ke p ower as defi ne d i n I S O 3 0 4 6 -1) s ha l l
b) the ele c tric a l p ower re qui re d for the e s s enti a l i ndep endent au xi l i arie s (s e e I S O 3 0 4 6 -1) ; a nd
(e . g. c au s e d b y ele c tric mo tor s tar ti ng) sh a l l b e ta ken i nto accou nt s i nce they a ffe c t the p ower output
characteristics of the RIC engine and voltage characteristics of the a.c. generator.
The generating set manufacturer shall take account of the connected electrical load characteristics and
o f any lo ad accep ta nce cond ition s exp e c te d by the c u s tomer.
re qu i rements o f I S O 3 0 4 6 -1 .
under s ite cond ition s with any e s s enti a l i ndep endent au xi l i arie s attache d/con ne c te d (s e e I S O 3 0 4 6 -1)
and with the generati ng s e t developi ng its rate d ele c tric a l p ower, s ha l l b e de term i ne d i n accordance
I n order to en s u re that a conti nuou s s upply o f ele c tric a l p ower i s avai lab le to the con ne c te d lo ad , it i s
e s s enti a l th at the ac tua l p ower output re qu i re d from the RI C engi ne d ri vi ng the a . c . generator i s no t
a) the power in the conditions laid out in ISO 8528-1 and in the service conditions;
b) the declared speed; and
c) the consumption of fuel and lubricating oil in the conditions laid out in ISO 8528-1.
T h i s i n formation enable s the generati ng s e t manu fac tu rer and c u s tomer to con fi rm that the mai n
characteristics of the RIC engine available are suitable for the intended application.
I n order to eva luate the generati ng s e t i n s er vice cond ition s (i n p ar tic u lar, s udden-lo ad accep tance) , it i s
ne ce s s ar y to e s tabl i s h the B ra ke Me an E ffe c tive P re s s u re, p me ( kPa) o f the engi ne u s e d, corre s p ond i ng
to the engi ne p ower when the generati ng s e t i s op erati ng at its de clare d p ower and rate d fre quenc y a nd
i s defi ne d i n Formula (1):
K⋅P
p me =
Vst × n r
(1)
where
K i s 1 , 2 × 10 5 for a four-stroke engine;
K i s 0 , 6 × 10 5 for a two-stroke engine.
and life of the RIC engine. The RIC engine manufacturer shall provide the generating set manufacturer
with data regard i ng the m i n i mum lo ad the RI C engi ne i s c ap able o f s u s ta i n i ng i ndefi n itely without
manu fac tu rer s ha l l s p e ci fy the me as u re s to b e adop te d a nd/or corre c tive pro ce dure s to b e u s e d to
6.1 General
T he choice o f govern i ng s ys tem fitte d to the RI C engi ne s ha l l b e b as e d up on the s te ady- s tate a nd
tran s ient s p e e d p er formance re que s te d by the c u s tomer. T he generati ng s e t manu fac tu rer s ha l l en s u re
that a s u itable governi ng s ys tem, approve d b y the RI C engi ne manu fac tu rer, i s s ele c te d to me e t the
I S O 3 0 4 6 - 4 e s tabl i she s genera l re qu i rements and p ara me ters o f s p e e d govern i ng s ys tem s and genera l
T he term s , s ymb ol s and defi n ition s for s p e e d ch arac teri s tics are given i n Clause 3.
6.2 Types of speed governor used for generating sets
It is a speed governor which corrects the control signal in proportion to a load related speed change.
T he change i n ele c tric a l lo ad re s u lts i n a ch ange o f the s te ady- s tate s p e e d o f the RI C engi ne .
I t i s a P governor wh ich i n add ition prop or tiona l ly corre c ts the control s igna l to the RI C engi ne when
there is a load-related change in speed due to a change in the a.c. generator electrical load. It also
corre c ts the ch ange i n s p e e d with a n i ntegra l ac tion . I f th i s governor typ e i s u s e d , a ch ange i n ele c tric a l
It is a PI governor which in addition corrects the control signal as a function of the rate of speed change
(d i fferentia l ac tion) . I f th i s governor typ e i s u s e d, a cha nge i n ele c tric a l lo ad do e s no t u s ua l ly re s u lt i n
a change in speed. To make parallel generating set operation possible, and i f no additional governing o f
the load sharing is provided, a PID governor shall also work as a P governor.
relating to torsional vibrations of RIC engines are dealt with in ISO 3046-5.
The complete generating set shall be considered when calculating torsional vibrations in accordance
with ISO 8528-5.
T he engi ne manu fac tu rer sh a l l s upply the generati ng s e t ma nu fac tu rer with the ne ce s s a r y i n formation
to enable h i m/ her to en s ure s ati s fac tor y op eration o f the engi ne/generator p a i r.
manufacturer shall provide the generating set manufacturer data related to the linear vibrations
produced.
The complete generating set shall be considered when calculating linear vibrations in accordance with
ISO 8528-5.
8.3 Noise
I f re que s te d, the RI C engi ne ma nu fac turer s ha l l provide the generator s e t manu fac tu rer with noi s e -
T he generati ng s e t ma nu fac tu rer s ha l l ta ke i nto accou nt the pre s s ure lo s s l i m itation s s p e ci fie d by the
11 Starting ability
I f the RI C engi ne is re qui re d to s tar t u nder p ar tic u lar cond ition s s p e c i fie d b y the generati ng s e t
c u s tomer or ma nu fac turer (for i n s tance at low a mbient temp eratu re) , the RI C engi ne ma nu fac turer
sh a l l provide the generati ng s e t manu fac tu rer with s ta r ti ng c ap abi l ity figure s u nder the s p e c i fie d
Bibliography
I C S 2 7 . 0 2 0 ; 2 9 . 1 6 0 . 4 0