& [ INSTITUTE for NEET anil Siddiqui Reproductive Health . According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), reproductive health means a total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, ie., physical, emotional, behavioural and social * India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programmes at a national level to attain total reproductive health as a social goal * These programmes called “family planning’ were initiated in 1951 and were periodically assessed over the past decades. * Currently in operation under the popular name ‘Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes” * Statutory ban on amniocentesis (a foetal sex determination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo) for sex-determination to legally check increasing female foeticides. * Sakeli”-a new oral contraceptive for the females-was developed by scientists at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRY) in Lucknow: . World India 1900 —2 billion (2000 million) [1947 — 350 million 2000 ~ 6 billions May, 2000 ~ | billion (Every sixth person in the world is an Indian) 2011 7.2 billion May, 2011 — 1.2 billion< Reason: Rapid decline in death rate & maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) in- ‘crease in number of people in reproducible age . Through our RCH programmes, population growth rate declined marginally. . Ace, to 2011 census report, the population growth rate was less than 2%, ie., 20/1000/year, a rate at which ‘cur population could increase rapidly. . India~ Hum Do Hamare Do / Many countries ‘one child norm’ . Statutory raising of marriageable age of the female to 18 years and that of males to 21 years, . Ideal contraceptive should be user-friendly, easily available, effective and reversible with no or least side- effects, It also should in no way interfere with the sexual drive Contraceptive Method Natural Method Periodic abstinence Withdrawl) Lactational 4 10:17 ayo MC (reps) Coitus interruptus Amenorrhea 2 Nocona + Nocalition darn stain Ohno Baty i Este: 6 runt ae parton + Pons with! bine sncultion Slide effect: No medicine, No device Le. No side effet Chance of failures: High Barrier method ‘Condoms (Diaphragms, Cervieal cap, Vaults) Thin rubberlatex sheath * Ibis rubber barriers of female to cover cervix 1 Male - cover penis * Reusuable Female - cover vagina! cervix Poplar rs comsien Eames Team micidal cream + Jellies ~ Foams wit it increases contraceptive eficiene Also protect from STDHIV — Jelies “" ae * Both condoms are disposable « Selfinsered & give privacy LUD Wes councet Wielyacecrte fefeate Non-medicated Cu releasing Hormone Releasing Bg, Lippssloop 3. CuT, Cu7, Maltiload 375 eg, Progestasrt, ING-20 * Cu ions supres sperm malty ‘© Make werus unsuitable for & fenilising capacity of spemn implantation nd (NCERT Decorder) ix hostile w sperm,Highly effective Surgical Method —_ (Stetilisation) Poor reversibility Terminal method Vasectomy Tubectom: In male In female ‘Cut — Vas Deferns Cut — Fallopian tube Inscision — Scrotum: Inscision — Abdomen/ Vagina Oral Administration sert/ Progestogen-estrogen combination 7 da > 28 Day . Inhibit ovulation and implantation : Make cervical mucus thick Example: Saheli (Non-steroidal) ~ Once a week pill with few side effect &chigh contraceptive value, Injection | Progestopen/Progestoyen + Estrogen Or Implants under skin LONGER EFFECTIVE PERIOD Taken within 72 hours of coitus, [ii-effects of using contraceptive on regular basis either to prevent pregnancy or to delay or space pregnancy due] to personal reasons are like nausea, abdominal pain, breakthrough bleeding, irregular menstrual bleeding or even! Jbreast cancer, though not very significant, (MTP) Intentional or voluntary tei we full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. Nearly 45 to 50 million MTPs are performed in a year all over the world which accounts to 1/Sth of the total number of conceived pregnancies in a year. Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse. Such restrictions are all the more important to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which are reported to be high in India. Why MTP? Get rid of unwanted pregnancies either due to casual unprotected intercourse or failure of the contraceptive used during coitus or rapes or in certain cases where continuation of the pregnancy could be harmful or even fatal either to the mother or to the foetus or both. # Safe upto 1* trimester. # II™ trimester riskier. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DisEases (STDs)/ Veneral Diseases ‘Though all persons are vulnerable but persons in the age group of 15-24 years are most. Early symptoms of most of these are minor and include itching, fluid discharge, slight pain, swellings, etc., in the genital region. Infected females may often be asymptomatic and hence, may remain undetected for long. This could lead to complications later, which include pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), abortions, still births, ectopie pregnancies, infertility or even cancer of the reproductive tract. ‘You could be free of these infections if you follow the simple principles given below: () Avoid sex with unknown partners/multiple partners. Gil) Always use condoms during coitus. Gi) In case of doubt, go to a qualified doctor for early detection and get complete treatment if diagnosed. (NCERT Decorder)