University of Kwazulu Natal Pietermartzburg campus

School of Mathematics , Statistics and Computer Science

Stat 301 Linear Models
Test 2 May 9, 2017
Instruction: Attempt all questions: Write neatly! Unreadable answers may not be
marked.
Time allowed : 2 hours.

1. An investigator wants to measure the effect on yield of a certain variety of corn of two
different chemical compounds and four different methods of applying these compounds.
Suppose  i is the effect of the i th chemical ( i= 1, 2) and  j is the effect of the j th
method of applying the compounds( j=1, 2, 3, 4). The investigator also assumes that the
effects are additive. The linear model for this experiment is

Yij =  + i +  j +  ij i = 1, 2 , and j = 1, 2, 3, 4

,
Find
a) Write down the design matrix (X)
b) Write the above linear model in matrix form.
c) How many parameters does the  vector has?
d) Write down the  vector.
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2. Consider the linear model, y = X +  where  ~ N (0,  I ) and X is less
2

than full column rank.

a) Prove that the predicted values are unique

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b) If q  is estimable, show that q b is the linear and unbiased estimator) of
q  where b = GX  Y for a G a generalized inverse of X X .
[8]

3. Let Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 be random variables with mean vector and covariance matrix

1  3 2 1
 = 2 ; V = 2 2 1
3 1 1 1

Define the new variables:

 y1 = z1 + 2 z 3

y 2 = z1 + z 2 − z 3

y3 = 2 z1 + z 2 + z3

a) Find the mean vector and variance covariance matrix of ( y1 , y 2 , y3 ).

[4]
b) Find the mean and variance of
( y1 + y 2 + y3 )
3
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c) Suppose w1 = y1 + y2 and w2 = y1 − y2 . Find the mean vector and variance
covariance matrix of (w1, w2 ) .
[7]