MODULE I (Part II)

Biodiversity (types, value, hotspots, threats and conservation)

1. How many total numbers of biodiversity hotspots are there in the world?
a. 36 b. 32 c. 28 d. 18

2. In which of these years was the Forest Conservation Act amended?

a. 1978 b. 1988 c. 1963 d. 1952

3. Deforestation is caused by
a. Over population and shifting of cultivation
b. The increase in demand for fuel is another reason
c. Over grazing and forest fire
d. All the above

4. Desertification of Cauvery is caused by

a.Urbanization b. raising agriculture and industry c. cattle grazing d. All the above

5. First national park in India

a. Bandipur National park b. Gir National park
c. Sunderbans National park d. Jim Corbet National park

6. What is Bio-diversity?
a. Many populations of one species in one forest
b. Many types of flora and fauna in one forest
c. Many types of flora and fauna in many forest
d. All the above are true

7. Uses of forest includes

a. Productive function b. Protective function c. Regulative function d. All the above

8. Soil erosion is caused by

a. Deforestation b) Grazing b. c) Landslides d) All the above

9. Which of These Has the Most Genetic Diversity In India?

a. Teak b. Tea c. Mango d. Potato

10. When the last individual in a particular species dies, it is known as __________.
a. Speciation b. Extinction c. Phylogenetic diversity d. Adaptation

11. Which of these is a suitable example of ex-situ conservation?

a. National park b. Wildlife sanctuary c. Sacred groves d. Seed bank

12. Nandan-Kanan Zoo is Popular for Its____________.

a. Nilgiri Tahr b. Whale c. White tiger d. Hippo

13. Where can one find the greatest Biodiversity on Earth?

a. Nile delta, Egypt b. African grasslands
c. Amazonian rain forest, South America d. Western Ghat, India
14. Which of these is the most effective means of Conserving Biodiversity?
a. Preserve habitats. b. Get rid of predators.
c. Census species during the breeding season. d. Vaccinate species against diseases.

15. An ecological state wherein a species is introduced to a location where they are unique.
a. Ecosystem b. Exotic species c. Endemic species d. None of these

16. __________ is the hotspot of Biodiversity in India.

a. Gangetic plain b. Sunderbans c. Eastern ghats d. Western ghats

17. How Much Forest Cover Is To Be Maintained As Per The National Forest Policy of 1988?
a. 11% for plains and 37% for hills. b. 33% for plains and 67% for hills.
c. 23% for plains and 17% for hills. d. None of these.

18. Which of the following national parks of India is listed in the Natural World Heritage sites of
UNESCO?
a. Namdapha National Park b. Dachigam National Park
c. Keoladeo Ghana National Park d. Bandipur National Park

19. Threatened animals and plants are placed in a separate care unit for protection. It is called
_____
a. Ex-situ conservation b. In situ conservation
c. Wildlife sanctuary d. National park

20. Chipko Movement was strengthened under the leadership of

a. Amrita Devi Bishnoi b. Medha Patkar
c. A. K. Banerjee d. Sunder Lal Bahuguna

21. Take a look at the following statements about Gaur (Indian Bison)-
1. It is categorized as endangered in the IUCN Red List.
2. It is a South and Southeast Asian native.
3. Gorumara National Park is well-known for its Gaur Population.
Select the correct statements:
a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 3 d. All of the above

22. A category of threatened species include:

a. Only vulnerable species. b. Only endangered species
c. Endangered and rare species d. Endangered, vulnerable and rare species

23. Here are the following protected areas:

1. Bandipur
2. Bhitarkanika
3. Manas
4. Sunderbans
Which of them are declared Tiger Reserves?
a. 1 and 2 only b. 1, 3 and 4 only
c. 2, 3 and 4 only d. 1, 2, 3 and 4
24. Sacred Groups are useful in _________________.
a. Preventing soil erosion. b. Conserving endangered and rare species.
c. Spreading environmental awareness. d. Ensuring the sustainable flow of water in rivers.

25. Which of these is an exhaustible natural resource?

a. Wildlife b. Minerals
c. Soil fertility d. Aquatic animals

26. What is the correct abbreviation for IUCN?

a. International Union for Conservation of Nuts
b. International Union for Conservation of Nature
c. International Union for Conservation of Natural habitat
d. International Union for Conservation of Numbers

27. What is the name of the species whose population has been reduced to a critical level?
a. Indeterminate b. Rare c. Vulnerable d. Endangered

28. What is the name of the species whose population has recently declined and continues to
decline?
a. Endangered b. Rare c. Vulnerable d. Indeterminate

29. What is the name of the species whose members are few and live in a small geographical area?
a. Endangered b. Rare c. Indeterminate d. Vulnerable

30. How many species of plants contribute to the traditional medicines used by native peoples
around the world?
a. 2,500 b. 2,000 c. 5,000 d. 25,000

31. Biodiversity is of importance as it offers:

a. Stability of ecosystems b. Stability of atmosphere
c. Stability of species d. Stability of research

Explanation: Biodiversity helps in maintaining ecological stability. The ecosystems have an ability
to maintain its original nature even after disturbances occur within it, with the help of biodiversity.

32. The loss in biodiversity is not att.ributed to:

a. Explosion in the human populaton b.Transforming earth’s surface
c. destruction of natural habitats d. Use of sustainable products

Explanation: The ever-exploding increase in human population leads to the consumption of

resources and exploitation of the earth’s surface. This results in the destruction of natural habitats
and ecosystems. The use of sustainable alternatives is a step towards conservation.

33. Biodiversity has an aesthetic value to it.

a) True b) False

Explanation: The natural beauty of the earth has refreshing sights, taste and odors. These add an
aesthetic value; wide varieties of colors and fragrance of flowers, taste and colors of fruits, etc.
34. In how many ways does the conservation of biodiversity work?
a. 5 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Explanation: The conservation methods are broadly classified as in-situ conservation (the species
are conserved in their natural ecosystems, which are protected) and ex-situ conservation (breeding
of new and endangered plants/animals in controlled conditions).

35. Which one of the following is not an in-situ conservation method?

a. Zoo b. National Parks c. Biosphere Reserves d. Sanctuaries

Explanation: Zoo is a controlled environment where animals are kept. The other 3 options are the
natural habitat or areas where the species reside.

36. Which is an advantage of ex-situ conservation?

a. Cheap method b. Conserve large number of species together
c. Genetic process for breeding/long life d. Existence in natural habitat

Explanation: Endangered plants/animals can be provided the conditions required for larger life
with captive breeding and genetic techniques for development of the species which are healthy
and more productive.

37. The activities of cultivation of land, timber harvesting is permitted in:

a. Sanctuaries b. National Parks c. Biosphere Reserves d. Protected Areas

Explanation: Sanctuaries are the areas where only wildlife is present. So, cultivation, harvesting
of timber, etc is permitted only if does not interfere with the project. In all the other 3 options, it is
prohibited.

38. Hot spot areas have:

a. Low density of biodiversity b. Only endangered plants
c. High density of hot springs d. High density of biodiversity

Explanation: There are areas with a high density of biodiversity, which are presently the most
endangered. There are 16 hot spots in the world and 2 in India: North East Himalayas with 3500
endemic species and the Western Ghats with 1600.
FOREST WEALTH AND DEFORESTATION
39. How many plant species are used in the production of the drugs that are currently available on
the global market?
a. 2% b. 35% c. 25% d. 5%

40. Cutting of trees on a large scale is known as

a. Deforestation b. Reforestation c. Afforestation d. None of the
above

41. Deforestation generally decreases the

a. Soil Erosion b. Global Warming c. Drought d. Rainfall

42. Extensive planting of trees to increase the forest cover is known as

a. Afforestation b. Deforestation c. Reforestation d. Social Forestry

43. In which forest we can see deforestation to large extent?

a. Atlantic forest b. Amazon forest c. Borneo forest d. Sumatra forest

44. The main cause of wildfire is____________

a. Volcanic activity b. lightening c. Pollution d. Human activity

45. Which type of farming cause more amount of deforestation?

a. Subsistence farming b. Commercial farming c. Mixed farming d. Dairy farming

46. How many parts are there in the forest ecosystem?

a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four

47. On which factor forest type is mainly dependent?

a. Abiotic b. Size of the forest c. Shape of trees d. Products from the trees

48. Where can we find coniferous forest in India?

a. Deserts b. River deltas c. Grassland d. Himalayan

49. Why most of the Sun light does not penetrate to the ground in evergreen forest?
a. Because of snowfall b. Because of less temperature
c. Because of trees overlap with each other d. Because of less rainfall

50. Which state in India has the maximum percentage of its area covered by forests?
a. Arunachal Pradesh b. Madhya Pradesh c. Mizoram d. Nagaland

51. Where can we find thorn forest in India?

a. Semi-arid regions b. Desert regions c. Himalayan region d. Northeast
regions
52. How erosion controlled by forest?
a) By reducing in the sunlight penetration b) By reducing the rainfall’s force on the
soil’s surface
c) By reducing the pressure d) By increasing the rainfall’s force on the
soil’s surface

53. How forests increase the atmosphere’s humidity?

a. By transpiration b. By inspiration c. By expiration d. By oxidation

54. Which of the following type of forest important for watersheds?

a. Tropical Evergreen forest b. Tropical Deciduous forest
c. Tropical Montane forests d. Grassland forest

55. Where can we find the most feared spider in the world ‘Tarantulas’?
a. In deserts b. In mountains c. In tropical rain forests d. In grassland
forest

56. In which forest we can see deforestation to large extent?

a. Atlantic forest b. Amazon forest c. Borneo forest d. Sumatra forest

Explanation: According to World Wildlife report Amazon forest is the region where we can see
more number of deforestation than any other region. Amazon forest which is the world’s largest
forest is also the site of the biggest projected loss due to deforestation.

57. Due to deforestation the pure air that we intake became less in its availability.
a. True b. False

Explanation: The air humans and other animals consume is oxygen. Trees release oxygen when
they use energy from sunlight to male glucose from carbon dioxide and water. But due to
deforestation there is a lack of trees which thereby reduced the air production and this also cause
increase in carbon dioxide level.

58. The biggest driver of deforestation is

a. Agriculture b. Forest fire c. volcanic activities d. Soil erosion

Explanation: The biggest driver of deforestation is Agriculture. This is due to, farmers cut forests
to provide more space for planting crops. The other reason is grazing livestock. The process of
burning of trees by cutting them is known as slash agriculture.
59. The best way to reduce deforestation is by
a. Using more paper
b. Clear more area of trees to grow plant
c. Burning forest in order to create cultivated land
d. Clear more area of plants to grow trees

Explanation: In order to reduce deforestation we need to make sure it is possible only by growing
more number of trees. The large trees will make dense forest and by this only we can able to avoid
deforestation. All the other options create deforestation.
60. Due to deforestation how much field’s worth of trees is lost per minute?
a. 12 football b. 24 football c. 36 football d. 48 football

Explanation: According to World Wildlife Fund about 36 football fields’ worth of trees lost every
minute. It’s due to various reasons like agriculture, for logging, for bio fuels, for the construction
of roads, mining etc.

61. Rain forest land is most often cleared for

a. Pasture b. Forest fire c. Human activities d. High pressure

Explanation: In rain forest land is majorly losing its land due to human activities. Large areas of
rain forest are being cut down often in order to remove just a few logs. Rain forest is being
destroyed at double the rate than ever. There is a very high rate of extinction.

62. The main cause of wildfire is

a. Volcanic activity b. lightening c. Pollution d. Human activity

Explanation: Human beings are the number one cause of wildfires. Many of these wildfires are
caused by cigarette butts being left on the land. Some of the man-made causes of wildfires are,
burning debris, arson, equipment failure, unattended campfires.

63. Which nation is most affected by deforestation?

a. Honduras b. Indonesia c. Benin d. Ghana

Explanation: Honduras is the nation which is most affected by deforestation. In Honduras, 37% of
forest land is lost due to deforestation. Whereas Indonesia, Benin and Ghana saw a decline of 26%,
31%, 28% respectively.

64. Deforestation is a good process.

a. True b. False

Explanation: No, deforestation is not a good process. Deforestation clears the forest area which
directly affects animals and environment. Though there are some advantages of deforestation like
agricultural practices and create an opportunity to graze animals. But instead of this, we can use
alternative methods in order to save forest.

65. Which type of farming cause more amount of deforestation?

a. Subsistence farming b. Commercial farming c. Mixed farming d. Dairy farming

Explanation: According to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change, the
direct cause of deforestation is agriculture. In agriculture, Subsistence farming is responsible for
48% of deforestation and commercial farming is responsible for 32%