Bowen Family re pioneers of family therapy recognizes T: rat pepk a pods of sca ees but dey sully Timased the attestion to shetiuclesrfaniy Mey bathe samen a r= wr as the first bebariur tberapists who tis teoxered the power of ceiliaoement to meds behavior. uu they hdl thesanne Kinda! narrow ns Yes, ouractionsaresttaped by what ges On ingqur immediate families smal often one pecs! symptoms can be resolve by: oltering interac tines in the nuclear Eni. BuL wot shont the fogs past end present, hat yenievate those p= lens? What makes husbard distance hlmsel from the emtienal dernanas of family hie? And wht makes wile neglect yer nr ‘ge er clnkdren's ives? Mureay Boren sow nswers—and schations-to such questions In the larger netic family relationships Borer anny systemstherapy hasty far the most comprelensive view of husmen behavior Systems Therapy fam human problems of any appeosels te family fresknent. focuses deeper int the hess a rmine's of Family mernbers.and broader into the wider fray contest tbat shape, and continiaes teosluape ah ie of che Cal While no ore doubts the faemative ntl cence i farmily on maleing personality. many people intagine: that onze they leave bee they fre peavn aps dependent adults. ree a last of thelepparen's inflaence.Some people pene inl: vidnaity and take iLasa sig of growl toseps: fate from thelr parents: others wish they could be eleser to thelr families but Aud wists honte patil So thes tay aay’ to protest themselves from éiseppointment and har. Onee out of range the imfiedinte conDlet, they forget aid tleny the discard, But as Boren discovered tbe family remuins within ws. Whecewer we BO. 9 garry snresilved ematianal reactivity 10 our parents. tn the form of valnerabaleytorepeat the18 © owen sytem Thera) sae laters every nd relationship we tte no As we shal ge, unresolved colic vith oar eral fais she most eaportamt sli business res, Sketches of Leading Figures Howser fay ystems therapy is mel Us evolved Irom poyehuansioti priniples ane active Mareay Boscom wasademsinant orci the family therapy movement sce the es 1950s. Ils provminent position was due not ‘nlytoshe cet he wats eo hepa fi tres in he eld ut ls ta then naeotve und compuchensivenatureof hs ews Tes was the oldest chil i 4 large. 0 hesivefaaly Ueing in rural Tennessee. At metic schoo! snd internship sears ip ela. There be sane widespread svehopatholoay, matched by eval wale pred igsnoranee about how to eal with i ‘whieh i rei a sek wearer in poe ty Here, Bowen fl, he enald chart a course though largely unknowa territory ‘Ong in paschitey Bowen tuenedlulsarien- tion ti the exgina of sebizopareni, Thor foughly Irie in psychoanalysis, including thirteen years of personal analysis. Rowen sought 10 apply psreheanalyic concepts to sehizophee nia. Hebegan by expanding his focus ‘coat the patient to Use mth cha dyad, he sl this work ast further the understand ing of “mother-child syinbions, These studies boa tthe Menvinger Clinic whece Rowen trained and remained sta ll 1953 fom Menninger he maveltothe Navara lnstuteof Mental Health (NIMH) ssiere he became the firs rector ofthe Baas sion. One ofthe majorabservatonstocaniconteé the mother shuld syabions"researel wis te observation of ons patins: alternating ey les ol elosenessanl distance exquisitely sens five tosh estou tension within eth mother oe chil, wr the relationship between them. Separaton ansiets coupe with orp ration anxiety eas believe! ta he tbe under: omg dynamic ms these obser Foose on the msion of "anon attach ment, i pathsgcul for uf attachment driven by ‘reset that suerte reason an slfenaceal Sous attachineat isthe opposite of “tune tonal atichmert ssc fe contra aspect "When oie snowed NIMH he expel ‘he seape of his studies to wlude fathers and Foqarath erkout the concept of trimale the central binding. Mock of rlatinship systems. From MIMI Bowen mowed 10 Geor University’s Department uf Poehiaes Daring, his thirty-one yeues at Bowen developed his comprehen Say therapy inspired ae en df students. and. Became am inlernaronslly sewsvie leer ofthe funy therapy move tent He died ater lor 1990) Among theenost prominent of Bowe dents are Philip nerit anil Thomas Pgarts Toth tnnises by Rowen. they joined together tho lasultyof te Einstein Fail Stis Section where Isuel werling and Anew erber 3 tempied to assemble lacuty repesentatve of thedisersitvof thinking nd practicean the of family sherapy, While at Ensen hey et Betty Carter Monies Mevildeiek then Orfani- six), FGordon, lees Vedat. and Ka hese {Gnesi al uf awh. lang with Posay Pap foined Guerin ard Fogarty in 1973 10 fara the Center for Family Lanna in New Roshelle ‘Now Vir: Linder Gueinsledrship, the Center for Fumnly Learaing has become ae of the ‘major eemters of faruly therepy tranitig an peactice ‘While ering on her ML College Hbeabeth Betty Co Fin! 8 elé placement in grrgp therapy an 30 forsomthing called “ily thecaps” at he Ackerman Insitute, hove wt lle st ‘dent Oa Sierstein, she Learned about tel at Hanser a lg from Nahas Ackerman. but nok mae fésnut hove folios Fanti. ew she ced Murray Wonen and fla whole new ward of iunderstariding open up. She became in avid adem of Bowea's approach. altering es ‘many wwskshops as she could Nd. and the ig with Phil Guesn aa Martyn Mende ‘ont ste, In L977 Carter Tet the Center for Pam Learning tabecomi tse founding tevin of the Foil Insitute nf Westchester She wos joined I Monica Mook, Uredda ers Ken Teel son. nl others nade a atic fen fist she is also Codircctor of the Womens Pectin Fail Therapy with Peay Papp, Olan Sihersteln and Malan Weller. Today ina Gitlon to being a respected leader i the Se uf fii taerapy and populir teacher. ety vt spas i fal therapy an therapy veh eomarried ator ian atv elt couples. ‘Monica Meili Is another therapist the Bonet train sho, lk he rend nad talleague sty Carter, has become eof the hnwstrespcete voices the el Metalic is the founaing director ofthe analy Insite of ‘New Jersey and Assoclate Profesor of Pea his, UMDS)-Robort Wood Jobson Mesical School, She Isa popular teacher. write. and Fear the fk! of ts therapy. Amn her speci interests ae ethnics genogsams Therapy with ne person, femarried aes ‘nid dual-carer las. Many of Howe's students continued (0 svork with bm for Tong time. amon Michoe! Kerr fdvard Wel, Fawn Frieden Jack Bra sep Lorin, Charles Paddock, und Daniel Papazo ach isan portant repent tive of the extended filly systerns tration and all ave helped twansmit Bivens Mes 0 tis teh a roe pe the annual Georgetosin Fay Symposia ‘vin Frieda. who worked in the Wash ington, BE nee vas bs a rabbi aad a frei therapist. rained by Murray Rowen. be Shanes ending Hues ® 139 an extended family sytem perspective to bear sie ne of ls ost important on Trlhatons as inteducing 8 sophisticated vn tlrstanding and competence in family systems theacytownellay protessionils, especally pos tinal counselors, Fesdma ced 1986, Michael Kerr. M.D. was along-timestudent sun colleague of Hoten's and since 1977 the tlieetor of training atthe Georgetuen Family (Center. ects prota the most scholars tm formed and fai hal to eoeiglnal they 0 all Bonveu's students, as his tiliant accourt of Bowen theory i the book Baily Boat {Kerra owen, 1988) richly demonstrates. Tal we should mertion James Framo, Foemnany yearsoneo the leuaingsures infin iy era: Although Fane ister thought of tdker san independent pracition fea of [van Bsgormeny-Nags; he ineurpo Fated many of ovten sensi is war. Frame Ikperhapstesthnown farhiswteadastadvoceey ‘eauples groups ‘Several ey publiallons over the years ave rkersin the development of Rowena family ‘stems theo Bowen's est mr paper ou lining the concep sew theory was "The {ae of Family Thoory in Ckneal Prati.” pub lished in 1966, A year later aa Philzdelpia lescace organized by James Fram, Bowen delivered hs st organized presentation of the ‘aplication of is theory 20 bia own person family system (Anonymous, 1972). tn 1976 ‘Gensedited classic anthology of orignal po pes-ane of the mes valuable Pooks im the fam ily thevapy literature (Guerin, Fan Mero Theory an Pretcel, I 1978 Bowen assemble al) of hisesr papers rom various prefesiona journals aad published te in Bly Ther fn enc! Peace, tn 1987 Coen and his coke Fesgues alte Center for Fanly Learning pub Tsk! The Boat Tretovent2f Mural it one ofthe est and most use fl books ‘ver written family therapy: he flowing Seat carer ad MeGakirick (19881 publsied evised lito of thei aceiime Book nthe140 + owen tml Syste Therapy fay fe yet. Final the pieaton of Fa ily Svaluation by Michael Kere sind Murray Bower in 1988 represents the matreand com prehensive lowering of Bowen's Keas, while Guerin and is culleasues'reeent 1996) Vir ng with Relations Trine an extremely tusell guide Lo the elinieal pplication of these eas ‘Theoretical Formulations ‘he early family therapists were pragmits, ure concerned with actinn than insight. rnore loterested in teehrique than thenry. Murray Borsem was the excepsion, owen, among the most cerebral otal aly therapins- wes aha ‘more committed to family as an erketation ralher than a method, and tore intersted i ‘theory thes lectin Pram his point of view ‘most mentat healt professionals were tuo aught upin narrow questions af tectnigue ty ver fully grasp systems theory. Bowen's ow theory is among the mat earful ured out and inuential of family systems Although Rawerian theory has evolved expanded it bas always centered ground Inve counterbalaneing le onres togetherness sand inidaliy. dealy these two fees are balance. Unbalhne in te direction of toget femess i called varlously “fasion,” “stuck togetherness." or “unditlerentition” (Kerr & Rowen, 1988). Diferentiaton, the capacity for ‘utonomous functioning, helps people avoid eicing cough up in ects parties, Other ‘wise emotional ceacidlty results polarized Positions: pursuey-istancee everietionlag— tinderfuncctonirg. and so on. The concepts owen used to express this central tension of ‘he human condition evolve rom ter chal aabbie Gumieec mine ee fasion Aifrertéaion. However parsed thee ‘al premise i that uaeselved emotional tachment 19 one's family must be resolve, rather thin passively accept er reactvely re ecto, before ome: can diferente « mature heathy personaliny Bavwer articulated tke core euncepts of his theory in tw major papers "he Use of Fans Theoryin Clinial Practice” 1466) and "Theory Inthe Pravticeof Psychotduerapy”™ (197). nthe 966 paper Bowen. ced six interlocking fom opts tha emake up his thee! aierentéten of 1 triangles, nuclear fuoty emo per, faa poet enentina nisin prices, sing sto. Headed v0 saditional concepts iw the 1970s (ewen, 1976): emotional eat amd setetal etal prose Differentiation of Self Differentiation of sel, the cornerstone of No sien's theory. s both an ierapsshic una iter Hersonal concept. Intrapsychie dllecetiation isthe ability to separate teeing from thinking Unuberentiated people hardly stinguish thoupits from feelings: tele intellects ates Noi with flings tht ah are alist inca prble of objective inking. Their ives age erned by an accretion of felings hom those sound theen siher blindly adhered to ofan aly rected. The liereratiated person st ol fish who only dink and never fees In stead, he or she able to bale think and fecinng: capable of strong emation and spon taneity. but also eapeble oF the nisjectvity that ‘comes th the ability o ees the pl of emo- onal pulses Tack of liferentiaton between thinking and feengoreursin eogers with lack of dle emtintion between ones? sn ater. Because theyre less able to think clearly, niferen- lied people react emotionally—positively ot negatively —to he dictacesof fami mentbsrsor ther anthurity fgets These people have ile ‘alorsemons identity, Insteal they tend tobe Ise with others. "hoy ad i dial o sepa tate themselves rom others, particule ons oviat issues, Asked bat Uy think they say Jaa they fie asked swat they blew, thes cho what they veh, Thy ith ‘sume pseudo independence teas eouniee fonformity, In contrast dilarentated people take dfisite stags om Hssesiscnse shey"re ale to nik things chron, deride Bove ad thers atone be ables ther to bein intimate contact ith others ‘without being efleively shape! by thes ‘Goer defines lllerention asthe press of patilly eka onesell on the extoconal has of ces Hey Gein fee hes ana ings ol as an sete parteipat ne ladonship stems insted of blaming prlets ‘everyone but oneself ¢Cuen, Fay Paden, & Kanto, JOST), Guerin uses the Concept ofa fasion ta fine and eva ss 1 in the fice ‘tees cpt level of funtion ings the capa ity to male the consis efor tn be objective el behave ratory the face of pressures emasirsaiiy Triangles most diene Take minute to think about ts relatiansip i your fama. Aec alls. tat ea Hionship ts almost eeeainly buteen the two rope you thuusht of ana one more tel parties. Visually all emodionlly signifcart Telationships are shadowed by thd paes— relatives send, even memories To understand eriares, t's hep fo re rmembertBatreatlonshipsaren'tstare. Any 99 People ina relationship go thea exces of eliseness and distance: swe ther sta hat trales are most key ta develop, These ‘eles reflect pot aly goon times an bad in re- lationships, but also people's needs fur at: my anal eomnectedness- Guerin deseribes st busie processes that operate inthe format of maa rane tn the Fr he spas exper nein the most discomfort connects sth some tects as aay of ging an ily Ths 0 Fe ‘upset with her ashand's distance may aserease Teoria Formutatias 8 1A berinvoemtet wim uf the caldren.i che nl press hi! person perhaps iene for a child, wha is sensitiged exer 9 «ne sjoooe's tet urtestheconit betaen ther. moves info offer reassuratce oe calm things slow, “Forexample an oder daughter may ae feaupl to reae tense marital confit by tli {ng naval to eich parent orto the parent sei wun sin has the mast afta. Mea er younger beceher may absarb he te- while sun ois parents hele i ain fntiocial way. The aeting-out bebaine uso serves the fnmetion of palin the matents te thee te to soliettnceontmn problem ofthe onls wating out” (Caer et al 19ST. p. 62), Some lon triangulation seem sono scent that se hardly nice thei hari oct. ‘ost parents lsen eis com pin ‘heirchilden once n while ubout thelr mate: “Your mother's evs atl” “Your falter eer lelsamsaneeko dine!” These interchanges com vou hear 3 harmless onowgh. But wherover forrn which one persons vietim atthe o wilain. you're being ivted into arial ‘When we listen long or tan often omvorgeremplaining about someane ese he ‘laticing esting of being coed es way ves agin 9 at maybe we shold ‘the thetn peapleback taeach ober Sil ‘wen we gripe tne fle bout anethe's an Juries ie know we shoul al to Ue person ‘with wom we hive accom. Ant wr woul, foo. excenk—wll isto arkivard Pheawerage perso isabout as able o ess iriaaessthe "verge cal sable tea bids IF somthing’ really bothering you snd Jou're aia t6 talk ube aad yo won't be listened lo—the urge to cand i suineone elses anecshelning. Unbuarlening sourselé to fa lena il make you fel beter 1 il ls lesset the bselthond that you'll engage the puble ats sougce, Traelaten “steam, bi fers conflet in place. The ‘Me with triangles sso much that compan ingorsesking solace is wrung, hut rather that14 © Bowen Systems rans Sulloway (1996). Culling blowraphical From five huundred years of history. Salloway's onchisions are supported by 8 sophisticated ysis of rors than a ilion bi al data pots Prsonality hear gu the teperteire of sralepis that lings use eampete ltt one another, secure a place the fart and sursivethe ordeal of eal Flrstboras identify moee strongly with pave taunt than dotbeesblings. They fempley thelr superiosae ay strength defer thetesiatusand ty tominmize he cos of i= fing slings by dominating them They slo tend tir be mote selicenidest and are well rene ested among Nobel Pre winners and Teasers, (es the 1920s, Aled Adler su that fstborns besonie “paver hangey conse stves” an they struggle ayainst fing tore ore their lost pelmacy within the fami) {Winston Churchill George Washington. Ayn Pres ush mba are examples ‘As underdogs the fa laterborns are ces inclined ode wi the uppressed ane rghestion thestatus que. They"remoreopen to fnpetience because ts penn as hem, a8 fatecomers to the family in fuding am uncca piedniche From theirrankshavecume the bold explorers the ieomasts, and she erties nf history, Joan of ee, Mex, Lenin, leferson. Rousset, Virginia Wo, Mary Wollstonecrall andl Gatesare rgnesentative laterbur os what develoomentalistsence thought ss x shared fail enveonment tarnseurt notin be ‘Shared stall. Although the ally my seem 10 hie one envionment, W's etoally a mulls IF mieroenuiromaneats, a cllection of niches, Consitigg of distinet vantaye poimts from tebe sibhigs experience the same events ery ulferent was Emotional Cutolt Emovional eof deseritesthe way people mane ze uneTerentiaion (and ensotaonal intensity ‘sauce with between he genet. The sigs the emotional fasion between. firs. the greater the bet of et So people ses dstnnice By morling ar anay fan Tet parents others do so emotionally by aod ling serunl subject oF consersation or arass insulating themselves the preweace of thd parties jetols (1986) deserves how somne people mistake emotional cutest fo ematinal raturitys“We Lake it asasige-of growth 0s fate Rom our parents, and we mewsure our mocurity hy in pendence fail tes. Yet fmomy oF us aCHt respond to our families as though they wereradinactive sel capable in Alctingg reat pu Only one tng robs Sue sian of his extenondin ars poses rep plece of his howe plane, A sexpriing number ff aluitmen and yomenaresinnalysedered Flplessby even able sist to fo thei par enis"(p. 190), cetal Emotional Process This concept re! sto hefner that theemotiona progess in soriety inflaenees the emotional proces tn fails hike» bacegrounduhuence gets allsanley The comcep of sil eme- tonal process deselbes how a prolnaged in frense in socal nly an result ina gradual loweringof thetitionaevelofdillerentation In fami, Kerr and owen 1988) cite thee imple of the high crimerate that eesuls con munities with great sbelal pressate, Bowen dckuowred ht sexism and clas nd tie pechudioe ae examples of unhappy socal em Twat proces, but he tended to downplay the Iimportnee of these comeeststor fry eval tionand therapy. Feminists daw’ aoe: they Solieye passonfely thal sexism is a societal ‘elonal press tha infects amlles—enaione that shoul be fought, nd waht ar. tay the theoretical cancers of Rowe? therapists Momicn MeGoldrck and Betty Cortor dra ede gender ad emit. heir peas thant posible wotgnore gender inequities ‘Maken ignoring orn of te sot oeces tat eepmen ay-vomen trappdts flexible oles Moreover they might int outhint the previous we tence al inna in mpling sat men sh ‘Nomen ike are veins of gender bias, Women liga conetions ned with men uate tem men ha =may"NOE \Reiradvantage or fel poses ir Mes ane ethers fur oho live wathand ae Treated. secialcoatifns that wae esis forte to get abd inthe worl McGoldrick har alxo called attention 10 cahnleditfrcneesin fami. Her book Bi Sy ave Fam Therapy (Medak, Peares, 8 ‘Modano, L982) wis 6 laudmark in family therapy developing sensitivity to this 888 Witheot understanding hove eakurl toes vid alice die em one ethnic group to tbe AL the dung io therapists mposioa hs vn tags of louing at things on famiies those perspectives en's “dysfanetial” Put dentine leven Some readers mt Be Teeacerned that tenguhy descriptions of ow famiher of various eshnie groups dif (C8 NeGokdack, Pret, Hines. & lee, 1990." Trying qo alk ie fish ow of their sense of ga te teed toate 1 fable for” Sater et eneotyping, MeGaldeck believes that i058 Frtant to sensitee fais therapists to ethnic Siversty. ad thatthe pot ty len wat characte anther bu rather to Be finportant ine pone OU OF ovillocences Development ‘Wren ie bogan sting moral fame in the fate 1980s, Bowendisoosered manyof the seme fhechanias fe ad previously observed 18 “zope fangs This ety nced en ht therware noviseretecateyoris of amis ete tole, neurotic norenal- bu that dais hzy along enrm fet emotional sion toilferentiasion. Theat that most of Bower's onmsttamiy Development ¢ 185 “Sinicat contact ter years wo wit files of peofestanals prebably-renfored bis elit that aise re le than er (Optimal amy development ts thought eo take place when family members are relatively lijerentinted, ssi asiey 8 lo and whet hearts are 15 ood emattonalcontaet il theie oe fais of origin, Sst peo tho inherit trasforming easionsips fant thelr parents from an adolescent to at ‘Mh ais. Thus the transformation is sncom poten rostof ws, creas continue are at adolescent senstivity to our parents ve rgndoassyone ose who puxheste ste Bul= jonts, Normally. bat ot optimally peuple reduc vontot ih their paces and siblings 1 vole fhe anxiety of Healing with them, Once ont contact wih i vies. pease essume they've pu the old diicltes behind them Modes theycaery around unfinisbes usiness inthe fre of unresolved sensi tha are tra Intense retationships berevet they 20 Hoel fears gore ber own role nly feots they te unbleto prevent recurs fir new ecltlonesips: Terefore people with Mentor ferentiation eho remain conta eth previous generations are moe tuble han elem enmeshed pistered es. Al Modi problems may no surface imanedtely jmroutof fies, they wil ccureve nly rhnoner riage fom te pas fs cha he sent atscbment betssce spousescomes 1a Settle that whieh each had the Feil of pn. People sho ee elt ely unaiferen Siesta thir orginal fies wil eoninu to Be Tiniereated when they orm anew foray hose sah handed anxiety by distance and ‘Moikoat il the samen ther mariage Thorson Bowen yes envied Usa fee Tin of aukonomens personalities, econ piso gis the ayo rig seth 8 escrption of normal development and & pre een fr therapeutic Impowement. Ths ‘erupall tink tothe pas. stessed morestrang—— ee ee 1a © Boon nil Stems Theeay evsopment of ehacrDionders * TAT say the tay tee struts veal ape Ae pil tat empeste Une deeetopme at lee theve geet ld they want tobe thems Tey sre npomensappreachthaninanveiber then stand ais zuing on he reatmagmounsedwiduals and ere canmatgaaydevdpment, ton Thistle oped motion felt sleto rec Cineesana ts Dnensons se ‘ ietakee ca yoo A oe a rm ot Sell" Fogarty |1976a) elsborstes the char Following on the work of Raids L601 ee pita, ares noc han stages of te st eer suadued lames (11 They TiN ()970) nd Solomon (1973) Cuts hore at eran uous of Hebi PSN nee cine wun ai aged amlcn a Stine. MeCdice awe deserted he Ly Muh ta oe oraeastlrate) the fest apn mS Featnsshis anid the fai a aoe seers are zeta citing the apfooesof expen. contraction ei wean ga btowstheougsibekaly ati Se rovtng mereasing demands anal pote veenents mea peor: reo he eens 0 SU the nda cnet ne i oxen Se al ncrexsgenerationstn all entry ead development offi meres tie Te ever icones more ST or Gein pests el famuly members (4) They use inne a Tunediogal way Pranstionstiom one tae arent nents has AGN Suc be ise) tension mS aan la minimum af distance oso probs the (amy 1 Pa pa telnet le ion, sbtrstion, or Change Son dyad enh wih goblins ere chage—chigcintesyaen alt NT sion stage, parents mas et thei feurase fem memboe Anal te (5) Fac de nerenes ne nerfed, eles within stapes cam usally Be shied ar take bol of tr ow ss. Th li eral eee oe gy Each person en deal on whan cheaie—enrranging bout BP etpentingtime of ultimen, bottle SE rey their nature times eset i vreiomandewotional levels wah theothers: structuring hesssten sly tn me of the wie eT piu ant for he aly #82 | {sr thes are aware nt what evel person gels To he le ame stage the primary tas Ce eh Parents must ot nly deal Hg ese times tat symproun j VTS a temredhers: (Each ors Srna ist separate um he tes Sct pened fren’ ad aes we confit ely Lv | Se a raempllnes: (20) Presers without cuting ol ar fedingeectlvl (9 #54 tate wih ebangest ir eetatensboe ation of @ peste climate takes stuteemoltonal refuge Thisisatimeroecome ace pete own parents homay nec ETE Development of Behavior | precedence aver doing whit is “right” or wha ‘av autonomoussell before joining with wnther lng supspurt—or at any rate don’ “twant \e #8 Decne choenber hunks igre fersstofam nw fot lie knee fs rier emit DIETS a | ret yuseeat oer ae warceso!eeock nd aoe mt tothe new eu, Wat snot Aah and HEN ST ster seat ning osematina HO spew: lanxmiion of woentcestemsin erin cane Seay eT ston re 1 ae aleromtaed geson able C0 ee AY gee us cape er cat see ts ed he sore reset he nc ibaking rom ecg and ema hn- ma as elec Faure tose me ‘daa the geet elt ose sana he more es dependent of. though not out of ecantaet vith, ‘Hes of origin oF ant extreme cutoff that puts too ‘One major variation in the hie cee ae Iisorherretions a a | theauclest and extended family. The degree of much pressure or the fwwosnme. Famnitey with ‘mon to still be romsielered & “deviation is disrve ‘ated the person. the less stress saa SO DER Uiferentiation of sell depends largely on the youurigclidres rast cust comake space foi ebb ‘With thedivoree rate at Spence: and therateot doce syennistth sesimplified 10 a enh ch eu eae encopresis sihiedrose er onan ee soa a or nese, ve the mariage om ng ard FE Se nian, Le sie ney ee Png our heed now tse ecrcoupewewen STN Set to | Seca rough ny etme ree ach pees are change 0 alse Therion mata corral ss ares mel hat sav \ retain rc ac awe —_len’s ped for nurtne acon emer cones SN Spe satin eee tamiy traps to ie are elena o work eter = ant ai Se ihe yh recat ie 8 a carter, senor wns ben ough knows. ls psn een aedniie cat Said Do Sal naa rom ievungeanl_ wrenrael estns opi rant crel ots pire tc lin soem 2 a ly betes ett ghee ae ns, hea oc owm— TAE isin nl ‘omen i American fonailies (Carter & Me The reward for parents who survive the a eole neve seLn complications srintte pers wh one oF In el semen Acre Merrin the Bowreion preceding sags ito have het en ences yoy ean ct et Ce ae ck wrist tnt adolescent, see 8» tne wen et epomsonmiene; rune apie sgn sats iodo heute t tinderstand the fami i eon processesand warts a0 weary tunder. _ eildren nolouger trnt te be ike mony ad—— ee ee 1a © Boon nil Stems Theeay evsopment of ehacrDionders * TAT say the tay tee struts veal ape Ae pil tat empeste Une deeetopme at lee theve geet ld they want tobe thems Tey sre npomensappreachthaninanveiber then stand ais zuing on he reatmagmounsedwiduals and ere canmatgaaydevdpment, ton Thistle oped motion felt sleto rec Cineesana ts Dnensons se ‘ ietakee ca yoo A oe a rm ot Sell" Fogarty |1976a) elsborstes the char Following on the work of Raids L601 ee pita, ares noc han stages of te st eer suadued lames (11 They TiN ()970) nd Solomon (1973) Cuts hore at eran uous of Hebi PSN nee cine wun ai aged amlcn a Stine. MeCdice awe deserted he Ly Muh ta oe oraeastlrate) the fest apn mS Featnsshis anid the fai a aoe seers are zeta citing the apfooesof expen. contraction ei wean ga btowstheougsibekaly ati Se rovtng mereasing demands anal pote veenents mea peor: reo he eens 0 SU the nda cnet ne i oxen Se al ncrexsgenerationstn all entry ead development offi meres tie Te ever icones more ST or Gein pests el famuly members (4) They use inne a Tunediogal way Pranstionstiom one tae arent nents has AGN Suc be ise) tension mS aan la minimum af distance oso probs the (amy 1 Pa pa telnet le ion, sbtrstion, or Change Son dyad enh wih goblins ere chage—chigcintesyaen alt NT sion stage, parents mas et thei feurase fem memboe Anal te (5) Fac de nerenes ne nerfed, eles within stapes cam usally Be shied ar take bol of tr ow ss. Th li eral eee oe gy Each person en deal on whan cheaie—enrranging bout BP etpentingtime of ultimen, bottle SE rey their nature times eset i vreiomandewotional levels wah theothers: structuring hesssten sly tn me of the wie eT piu ant for he aly #82 | {sr thes are aware nt what evel person gels To he le ame stage the primary tas Ce eh Parents must ot nly deal Hg ese times tat symproun j VTS a temredhers: (Each ors Srna ist separate um he tes Sct pened fren’ ad aes we confit ely Lv | Se a raempllnes: (20) Presers without cuting ol ar fedingeectlvl (9 #54 tate wih ebangest ir eetatensboe ation of @ peste climate takes stuteemoltonal refuge Thisisatimeroecome ace pete own parents homay nec ETE Development of Behavior | precedence aver doing whit is “right” or wha ‘av autonomoussell before joining with wnther lng supspurt—or at any rate don’ “twant \e #8 Decne choenber hunks igre fersstofam nw fot lie knee fs rier emit DIETS a | ret yuseeat oer ae warceso!eeock nd aoe mt tothe new eu, Wat snot Aah and HEN ST ster seat ning osematina HO spew: lanxmiion of woentcestemsin erin cane Seay eT ston re 1 ae aleromtaed geson able C0 ee AY gee us cape er cat see ts ed he sore reset he nc ibaking rom ecg and ema hn- ma as elec Faure tose me ‘daa the geet elt ose sana he more es dependent of. though not out of ecantaet vith, ‘Hes of origin oF ant extreme cutoff that puts too ‘One major variation in the hie cee ae Iisorherretions a a | theauclest and extended family. The degree of much pressure or the fwwosnme. Famnitey with ‘mon to still be romsielered & “deviation is disrve ‘ated the person. the less stress saa SO DER Uiferentiation of sell depends largely on the youurigclidres rast cust comake space foi ebb ‘With thedivoree rate at Spence: and therateot doce syennistth sesimplified 10 a enh ch eu eae encopresis sihiedrose er onan ee soa a or nese, ve the mariage om ng ard FE Se nian, Le sie ney ee Png our heed now tse ecrcoupewewen STN Set to | Seca rough ny etme ree ach pees are change 0 alse Therion mata corral ss ares mel hat sav \ retain rc ac awe —_len’s ped for nurtne acon emer cones SN Spe satin eee tamiy traps to ie are elena o work eter = ant ai Se ihe yh recat ie 8 a carter, senor wns ben ough knows. ls psn een aedniie cat Said Do Sal naa rom ievungeanl_ wrenrael estns opi rant crel ots pire tc lin soem 2 a ly betes ett ghee ae ns, hea oc owm— TAE isin nl ‘omen i American fonailies (Carter & Me The reward for parents who survive the a eole neve seLn complications srintte pers wh one oF In el semen Acre Merrin the Bowreion preceding sags ito have het en ences yoy ean ct et Ce ae ck wrist tnt adolescent, see 8» tne wen et epomsonmiene; rune apie sgn sats iodo heute t tinderstand the fami i eon processesand warts a0 weary tunder. _ eildren nolouger trnt te be ike mony ad148 ¢ Bowen Fanny Ste therapy But exon the quality of two-person rela slonsbips is insailficient to expla sympa development, because when rnviety bulls in thetnosome the relationship wiltausomaccall Invglve a thi person the thd perso toy In-ennac with the twasomse but emains nest teal, anelety will be redueed sand symptom Aleselopment wl be less kel: Howes, the third person becomes entionally involved — lurking sles wich prevents the inosene working out ther silficytss) or beeomin focus of csplaced emotion (lich results in in ‘overload af aniety}—the iselihoad of symp tum deselopmerst inereases (Guerin. Hogarty Pay, & Kalo, 1996), The mex valet dv i term of Isolation and hic of eilfentiation) Is mst likely to develop symptoms a the center ‘relationship conlist.The mechanism ar ths se lectiiy 5 tbe auligenerational transmission rucess Farexampls acho en wh presents ‘ritha conduet done isconsidenedin the cen lestof athree-generational erage, rom ye beory t's assimed tha the symptom eb M is the most trangled ebild i the family sind seve: the one most ematemally caught pf thetension betmeenthe patents rafected most by theexternal Lension ia parcieular pacers The muldgenerational. process belied this symplans complex is viewed as 2 byproduct af the parental level of differentiation from thle ‘ww aes, played oat and exacerbated fst ‘within dhe marriage dew transmit through the relationship between the pavents accor to Bowen, usually the mather andy toma la ‘The etinical methodol ted athlon Inti ello: (1) Ineveasing the parents abil ly 19 manage their ain anxiety and thezelay being better able to banal thet hil prob lematie bohay ors ana (2 fring the parents level of emotional functioning by isereasing ‘their ability to operate with ess anslecy tn thie Same of origin inthis approach tech may ‘or may not be sen, Calming down the parents sted coaching them to deat mo iectvly with the problen was the psimary approach fakes by tien, Tn theresicaton of hase methods en by Guerb and Fogarts; mace emphiasis pie ‘sts a relationship with the symptomatic ciald, and working with the dssimetional strag- feand reaciveemetional proves the bela fail tangles stoned lamas work spo unless dre and expel kd sep {on formation and miexenanes Inches toed shore owen aenerlly ent sch rhe fi lly of origin, second-generation Bosenlans pay tore attentin to che nucleae fam an are Tey to ait to nstitae work on the fay of onlin asa way to reinloree gon and co en- hance individual und tial Fuectoing Bein loedisondersig adults suck ssmepested je los uncontrollable anger, and cempuens of sub stanoe, sex oration are wel athe con lett of ether dyshusetional spouse~ or aul ell tangles, and clinical Iterventons re planned accorlingy ‘According to Bowen, Behavior dionters, rnildosevece esl rw emotional fin trans mite eom une generation to the nest im ‘ons lesthe inlet, pa iengrationa une ‘ong al competence. The gevster tic degree af asion, che monehe x programmed by pei liye emodional ores, despite rationszations to thecnntrary (tower, 1975) Furthermore the treater the fusion betes ematinns and intl lee. the mureemeisfused tothe emotional rese- lows ether people. Emotinl fusion consists of anjwious atc, oer expresed oF r= actively ejected. Hot the clinging, dependent person and the aloo, isolated one ace eal aught up in. emocional fusion: they merely ‘nanos tlre ways xmotana fusion i the rscpracal odie ation. The fused person has fe ty Bd onsletions eu belies he or she seeks ace lange ad approval above uny other goal and ras slcisons bse peimaily on festnes rather than cational thnapht, Creating 008 fmpression al isportnat, and the under slated persion is kely to be either doganalle oF cospliant, Symptnasare' produ emote tiviiy seme oreliome They canbe ponceated by tv iety- riven toesharness pressure 1ocon= form, or by disruption of fused relationship that hes susteined someone's nition 8 Bowen, 198K). ln umiferentiated peor, el though soz neces ‘leper yan can be iy resolu) by retreat to the sae deat lationship. eens stim through agras hat develop smatriay Slant, Tes fanaon mono he ses wih resp rsdunsemteanenemore en The Mec pment hw nota faslon i snd Alter is fther died Mr Kl tier sister were renee by their mother This wore was a relnively-matuce and thovugtl person, but lle the det ft her husbands creasingly devoted all fperattention ther eldren They wereber cle preoecupation,ansdsbapng tbe Tves Ircame the major project of he ie. Shi ‘ne! that Hhey conform te her standards se was persistent in correcting thelr man hers, energetic in demanding high perfor race in setiuo} an highdy erica of ay thing they sought todo cui the hone She disequraged contact st relghbers iid seool frends as He jn ball or going 40 ic “rive las” pastimes pa seh danoes Ti late adlescenee Me loin bean to resent the posserfo canta his moire ft lis ster wes never able break free tnd remainedsingle.Hoing wither mater forthe rst of her lie, Mr, Klin, however twas delermined to become inilependent Sinee bie Pad abvaays evcopiien a ichasoe onion ¢ 149 think, hare to gan hose to Lelie ‘was difienttiomoucoutamd bean bis, Hower, evs strong-willed an ener fetes Hin hs end twenties. he el Some andurned sback on hismother He edtondstanteky sarted working and ventas married he woman he maeded, i Fina a arg lowly it and alectionate family She and ee fur sisters were very uch altactied eel otler and zemaied het fiendsthroughont thelr lives, Thelr te ssp with hr paens was warm ond Ge: ne of the sisters ete" questioned Thiseode of family stmetare ust fron hia shook tea annomuced shat she wanted 10 go te College, This vas contrary to the family snes rer a Home at totelon ashe ws tea fee Palys rca, at se 1 Eheretrange one pret They tring. hero ‘tie and Mec len i hey Surhrertony act forthe ths Arai pnts ey dae Honeyman hk Ceterhoing al titel ne Ti ee nt tS eTitemptechangehsba Serge pastience for conto} ha long since worn Trin Sr, Klin, on the ober hand, sought torvestablish is heenew marringetheclse hessshe had er aml Hut nurder tobe oe, shew iehsbind had todo bsings toga and share interests und roses Tam. sugzesting Wher she moved tra150. © finn Banihsystems Therapy that taey do soenetin he wan angey and resent esknghisincviduatyimpinged tapon. Alter several months of eulict, the fev sled ute apt of relate eau Iban. Mf, Klis put most of hs energy into bis work, where he fel eee and 20- tonomous,leseing his wife to adhust to the Aistance between them. A year later thee Fist hit, Davi, ws born Both parents ere dell baby, ba hat yas for Nr Sen eplestsant ‘iti oth aly ws for Mes, Klin the eas tofu her desperaterced for cose hing, to Ber ‘While oe was infant she was the prlet ler foving. bn tenderly and caring for hisevery nent, Whim he was hungry ske fed him when he ses we se banged bim: ‘and whe he cried whenever be eed ‘She hel him. Wher Ni, Sel tried 10 be feame volved with bis fant sor ls ile hovered about making sure he did't do syn “wrong” with her precios baby ‘Natur thisinoriated Me leis. and alter ew biter arguments he gradually left David moreand mare his wits care Aste leared to walk an tlk David got into ilgehie, as all children do. Ue tabbed things he wasn't suppose 0.6 fused 10 sty his playpen, and fussed whenever he lit got his way. Hiserying tras unbearable to hs mother. She found prs unable tose fins or estas con- ‘tal am this precious baby whose Love she headed so ball When she put i im ns trib fara nas be evi, Althousl she es perately nce ste tine by hersel( and Tile David needed his map, she wass0 = able to stan he eng tater Ave n= fotes she wri and beat him dowostars Thiswesthe beginnings hllong pater David anew upwith adam ftherand dot todo havea hess The baby meant eve iamotherthinkingbewasthe sewer ff theuiverse. Whistever he wanted be ws pected fo get Whenever e was frasiraied, toe thew stun ad as tings wore ‘home. least the army existed ina kind a eur, Dad aa eat run his ile fad si, but he had his work. Mother wos fai eos her husband, but she had her ‘pay. Although he yas wil sed sabe tem, De gave her the alletion she craved. Davis difculis began when he went off roselol. sed ip geting bis on way he font Limpossbleto shee with ute hil siren oe to ade by the rales, His tamirwins {td nothing to endear hia 10 his school mates or teachers. The other chikieen svoided hin, ce he grew up having fv friends With teachers heated ont is ther’s bate ans amy effets to vote him. Wher Mrs ein heard compain's bust Davie’ flare confor 10 the Schont’s demands. she sided with her su, ‘Thave people ust don't know hor to deal with a creative cil”) Si he mae im From school to school But everywhere she conflicts vere the same David grew up wth teri pal of acust Toselool und ends but ee tained hisextremely ese reatianbip with bis mother, he ersis came with adoles: tence, Like his father Before him, Dawid ire to develop iniependent interests out Sethe howe Hever, a a es ple of separating thar bis father had been. and hissnolzerwaseqeallyinapible ‘ feting bim go, He resal ws the be = hing of chrunie canllets between David a remained centered on other David spat nore se balling his mother than doing ansthing outside the fail. Although be evenly eft home at twenty-five. David remuaiid w severeb i ited perso He haa’ eared tne knack ol Jnokingfter himself snd so hadtoset for {sores of uneewading sa unknteresting Jolis. Never vig learned tw compromise land his mother, ven as they argued sradjastto othiereiieen, fou li eft make rend, Hespent he restof his ‘fea onety sated, and marginals d+ Fest person. Worst al he dere fra he coneobrion f une wart relation spoil is mote, havi histor istents the components ai siomen’s theory of bebo earde ttl o Jouve unierratedt Tispacets gress preset a rasa Raed Tas. As diated bY HIE va emnional reds. Mi, and Mis. les eat a hel er cider to cos, to ont This sy its nsependent king sd Smothered by parents W's hard te do ther than reflexively accept or oppose ther “dest ater expats personal oP iganom} symp rea out wie the "Wert abies cey ane sic Eom SES tae generat A te the ry eye. TS tate pra veces Da ole ton keine om we ered stress BS dea cra cen emobnll a ae iter tyes bea gar sane A olin ctl he va ft es Tnnovurparessescbire. el ba ecco. ees aaa eit evandbses-and 8° aa ntatars era ste may hh Ts ll 8 Ut ie of alten Sorgen bn es a a Mo of iis cs haw meal rower See ne be caging anak hou pene — ty ahonge or Me See et ea may seme # bi evdepmentottemanorDbondes #131 reaieably parents ret wth dss mpi I puimsacdot weathering these. sn en wa ee: spe eid se oy Fa 18 tess ose me esto nkpendens The daughter wo dint get past the soot ee eee eps i obey aa ree be te ae Wa ae ma, Pe co seen gains BER yn ta Baws, pol te His ren inevitable cont develo co vie I be aware of te contain of Spa ngnatiy—in te ter ne Le apa for age —in teat NE wt Ter tha erie Heo a eats not nly etinging depts aoe al aes a tempera a ogee tha heads the lose see eadsoauraciincoarship asst a ray deat Heed on bsp sera no needs loses Bul ca tT er a rote gain erat se bat rl my ast ackerer cares hep that srsthe ol ows fra conc sane ion n one the spouses debitaling arercom Gon finone a te cide, ora combination erate, Whatever he presenting pole erates ace similar, undferentatio. Tries of rig i raasfered to mar ir nen, whieh ace in barn pejected 80 9