I.

Introduction

A. Briefly introduce Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story "Young Goodman Brown."

B. Provide a brief overview of Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature."

C. State the thesis: Compare the settings in these two works, examining how the protagonists
perceive the world and exploring the differences in the transcendence suggested by each author.

II. Setting in "Young Goodman Brown"

A. Describe the physical setting in Hawthorne's story.

B. Analyze how the setting contributes to the overall atmosphere and mood.

C. Discuss Young Goodman Brown's perception of the world based on the setting.

III. Setting in "Nature"

A. Describe the natural setting presented by Emerson.

B. Analyze how Emerson portrays the connection between nature and the individual.

C. Discuss how Emerson's setting contrasts with that of Hawthorne.

IV. Protagonists' Perception of the World

A. Explore Young Goodman Brown's perspective on the world.

1. Consider his beliefs, values, and reactions to the setting.

B. Explore Emerson's view on the world through his protagonist in "Nature."

1. Examine the individual's relationship with nature and the world.

C. Highlight the differences in how each protagonist sees and interprets the world.

V. Differences in Transcendence

A. Examine the concept of transcendence in Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown."

1. Consider any spiritual or moral transcendence.

B. Explore Emerson's idea of transcendence in "Nature."

1. Discuss the transcendence of the self through a connection with nature.

C. Compare and contrast the types of transcendence suggested by each author.

VI. Conclusion

A. Summarize the key points discussed in the essay.

B. Reinforce the differences in setting, protagonists' perceptions, and types of transcendence

between Hawthorne and Emerson.

C. End with a concluding thought on the significance of these differences in shaping the themes of
the respective works.

Introduction

 Provide some background information on the two authors and their works:
Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown” and Emerson’s “Nature”.

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) was an American novelist and short story

writer, born in Salem, Massachusetts. He is best known for his exploration of
moral and psychological themes, often set against the backdrop of Puritan
New England. Hawthorne's writing style is characterized by its rich
symbolism, allegorical depth, and exploration of the human psyche. Some of
his most famous works include "The Scarlet Letter," "The House of the
Seven Gables," and "Young Goodman Brown."

"Young Goodman Brown" is a short story published by Hawthorne in 1835.

Set in the Puritan community of Salem Village, the story follows the young
protagonist, Goodman Brown, as he embarks on a journey into the forest one
night. Along the way, he encounters various characters, including the devil,
and witnesses a gathering of townspeople engaged in witchcraft. The story
delves into themes of sin, temptation, and the duality of human nature,
exploring the fragility of faith and the nature of evil.

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and

philosopher, born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was a leading figure of the
transcendentalist movement, which emerged in the early 19th century as a
reaction against traditional religious and societal norms. Emerson's writings
emphasize the importance of individualism, self-reliance, and the inherent
goodness of humanity. His essays, lectures, and poems had a profound
influence on American literature and philosophy.
 "Nature" is an essay written by Emerson and first published in 1836. It is
considered one of the seminal texts of the transcendentalist movement. In
"Nature," Emerson explores the relationship between humanity and the
natural world, arguing that nature serves as a source of spiritual insight and
moral guidance. He celebrates the beauty, power, and transformative
potential of nature, advocating for a direct and unmediated experience of the
divine through communion with the natural world. "Nature" is a
foundational text for transcendentalist philosophy and remains one of
Emerson's most enduring works.

 State the main argument or thesis of the essay: how the setting of
Hawthorne’s story differs from the setting of Emerson’s essay, and what this
implies about their views on nature, human nature, and transcendence.

The main argument or thesis of the essay is that the settings of Nathaniel
Hawthorne's short story "Young Goodman Brown" and Ralph Waldo
Emerson's essay "Nature" differ significantly, reflecting contrasting views on
nature, human nature, and transcendence. Hawthorne's setting of a dark and
foreboding forest in Puritan New England symbolizes moral ambiguity and
spiritual uncertainty, suggesting a bleak outlook on human nature and
transcendence. In contrast, Emerson's setting of the expansive and awe-
inspiring natural world celebrates the beauty and transformative power of
nature, portraying it as a source of spiritual enlightenment and renewal.
These differing settings imply divergent perspectives on the relationship
between humanity and the natural world, as well as contrasting notions of
transcendence – with Hawthorne's text suggesting ambiguity and moral
struggle, while Emerson's text promotes a sense of harmony, wonder, and
spiritual growth through communion with nature.

 Preview the main points or subtopics that will be discussed in the body
paragraphs.

In the body paragraphs, the essay will delve into several main points or
subtopics to support the thesis statement:

1. **Comparison of Settings:**

- Describe the setting of Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" as a dark

and foreboding forest in Puritan New England.

- Contrast it with Emerson's portrayal of the natural world in "Nature" as

expansive, awe-inspiring, and spiritually uplifting.
 2. **Implications for Views on Nature:**

- Analyze how Hawthorne's setting reflects a view of nature as a place of

moral ambiguity and spiritual uncertainty, potentially fraught with
temptation and sin.

- Explore how Emerson's depiction of nature as divine and transformative

suggests a more positive and harmonious relationship with the natural world.

3. **Reflections on Human Nature:**

- Discuss how the settings in both works influence the protagonists'

perceptions of human nature.

- Examine how Hawthorne's protagonist, Goodman Brown, confronts the

darker aspects of human nature within the forest, while Emerson's
protagonist finds solace and inspiration in nature's beauty.

4. **Notions of Transcendence:**

- Analyze the different forms of transcendence presented in Hawthorne's

and Emerson's works.

- Discuss how Hawthorne's text suggests a transcendence fraught with

moral ambiguity and existential struggle, while Emerson's text promotes a
more harmonious and spiritually uplifting form of transcendence through
communion with nature.

These main points will be elaborated upon and supported with textual
evidence and analysis in the body paragraphs to provide a comprehensive
comparison of the settings and their implications for the authors' views on
nature, human nature, and transcendence.

Body Paragraph 1
 Compare the setting of Hawthorne’s story and Emerson’s essay in terms of
time and place.

In terms of time and place, the settings of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young

Goodman Brown" and Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Nature" differ significantly,
reflecting the historical contexts and geographical landscapes in which these
works are situated.

Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" is set in the Puritan community of

Salem Village during the 17th century, a period characterized by strict
religious beliefs, moral rigidity, and the infamous Salem witch trials. The
story takes place in a dark and foreboding forest, which serves as a symbolic
representation of the moral ambiguity and spiritual uncertainty that the
protagonist, Goodman Brown, encounters on his journey. The setting of
Puritan New England during this time period underscores themes of sin,
temptation, and the duality of human nature, as well as the pervasive
influence of religious ideology on the lives of the characters.

In contrast, Emerson's "Nature" is not tied to a specific time or place in the

same way as Hawthorne's story. Instead, Emerson's essay is set amidst the
timeless and universal backdrop of the natural world. While Emerson was
writing in the early to mid-19th century, his ideas transcend the historical
context of his era and speak to broader themes of human existence and the
relationship between humanity and nature. The setting of "Nature"
encompasses the vast expanses of the natural world, from the towering
mountains to the serene meadows, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all
living beings and the inherent beauty and power of the natural world.

Overall, while both Hawthorne's story and Emerson's essay explore the
relationship between individuals and their environments, the settings of these
works differ in terms of their specific historical contexts and geographical
landscapes. Hawthorne's story is rooted in the Puritan community of Salem
Village during the 17th century, while Emerson's essay transcends time and
place to celebrate the timeless and universal beauty of nature.

 Explain how Hawthorne’s story is set in the town of Salem, Massachusetts

during the Puritan era of the 1600s1, while Emerson’s essay is set in the
present day (1836) and reflects a more universal and abstract perspective on
nature2.
 Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" is firmly set in the town
of Salem, Massachusetts, during the Puritan era of the 1600s. This historical
and geographical setting is integral to the story's themes and atmosphere.
Salem during the 17th century was a Puritan stronghold, characterized by
strict religious beliefs, moral rigidity, and a deeply ingrained fear of sin and
temptation. The Puritans held a stark view of human nature, believing in the
inherent depravity of mankind and the constant struggle between good and
evil. The setting of Salem Village during this time period provides the
backdrop against which the protagonist, Goodman Brown, grapples with
questions of morality, faith, and the nature of sin.

In contrast, Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature" is set in the present day
of its writing, which is around 1836. However, unlike Hawthorne's specific
historical setting, Emerson's essay transcends time and place to present a
more universal and abstract perspective on nature. While Emerson was
influenced by the natural beauty of New England, particularly the landscapes
of Massachusetts where he resided, his ideas in "Nature" are not confined to
any particular geographical location or historical era. Instead, Emerson's
essay celebrates the timeless and universal aspects of the natural world,
emphasizing the interconnectedness of all living beings and the inherent
beauty and power of nature. Through his transcendentalist philosophy,
Emerson encourages readers to seek communion with nature as a source of
spiritual enlightenment and renewal, regardless of their specific time or
place.

Thus, while Hawthorne's story is firmly rooted in the historical and

geographical context of Salem during the Puritan era, Emerson's essay takes
a more abstract and universal approach to the exploration of nature and its
significance to the human experience.

 Analyze how the historical and geographical context of Hawthorne’s story

influences the protagonist’s perception of nature as a dark and dangerous
place, where he encounters evil and temptation1, while Emerson’s essay
portrays nature as a source of beauty, inspiration, and spiritual revelation2.

The historical and geographical context of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young

Goodman Brown" significantly influences the protagonist's perception of
nature as a dark and dangerous place, rife with evil and temptation. Set in the
Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts, during the 17th century, the story
unfolds against a backdrop of strict religious beliefs, moral rigidity, and a
pervasive fear of sin and witchcraft. The Puritans viewed nature as a
 reflection of the fallen world, tainted by the presence of evil and temptation.
This worldview deeply colors Goodman Brown's perception of the forest,
which serves as a symbolic representation of the moral ambiguity and
spiritual uncertainty that he encounters on his journey. In the forest,
Goodman Brown confronts various characters engaged in acts of witchcraft
and moral depravity, challenging his faith and understanding of human
nature. The historical and geographical context of Puritan Salem reinforces
Goodman Brown's perception of nature as a dark and dangerous place,
where he is confronted with the reality of evil and temptation lurking
beneath the surface.

On the other hand, Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature" portrays nature as
a source of beauty, inspiration, and spiritual revelation, regardless of
historical or geographical context. While Emerson was influenced by the
natural landscapes of New England, particularly the surroundings of
Massachusetts where he resided, his transcendentalist philosophy transcends
any specific time or place. Emerson celebrates the inherent goodness and
beauty of nature, emphasizing its capacity to uplift the human spirit and
inspire feelings of awe and wonder. In "Nature," Emerson encourages
readers to seek communion with the natural world as a means of connecting
with the divine and attaining spiritual enlightenment. Unlike Hawthorne's
protagonist, who perceives nature through the lens of Puritan morality and
fear, Emerson's portrayal of nature reflects a more universal and abstract
perspective, highlighting its timeless and immutable qualities as a source of
beauty, inspiration, and spiritual revelation for all humanity.

Body Paragraph 2

 Compare the setting of Hawthorne’s story and Emerson’s essay in terms of

mood and tone.

The settings of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" and Ralph

Waldo Emerson's "Nature" evoke contrasting moods and tones, reflecting the
thematic differences between the two works.

In "Young Goodman Brown," the mood and tone are dark, foreboding, and
ominous. The story unfolds against the backdrop of a Puritan town steeped
in religious fervor and moral rigidity. The setting of the dense forest adds to
the sense of unease and uncertainty, as Goodman Brown ventures into the
unknown depths of the woods. Hawthorne's use of imagery and symbolism
contributes to the eerie atmosphere, with the forest serving as a metaphor for
 the moral ambiguity and spiritual uncertainty that Goodman Brown
encounters on his journey. The mood is one of tension and suspense, as
Goodman Brown grapples with questions of sin, temptation, and the nature
of evil.

In contrast, the setting of Emerson's "Nature" is characterized by a mood of

reverence, awe, and tranquility. Emerson celebrates the beauty and majesty
of the natural world, portraying it as a source of spiritual inspiration and
renewal. The tone is reflective and meditative, as Emerson encourages
readers to contemplate the wonders of nature and their own place within the
universe. Through vivid descriptions and lyrical prose, Emerson evokes a
sense of wonder and awe at the splendor of the natural world, inviting
readers to immerse themselves in its beauty and find solace in its embrace.
The mood of "Nature" is one of serenity and harmony, as Emerson extols the
virtues of communion with nature as a path to spiritual enlightenment and
self-discovery.

Overall, while Hawthorne's story creates a mood of darkness and uncertainty

through its setting of a Puritan town and dense forest, Emerson's essay
evokes a mood of reverence and tranquility through its celebration of the
beauty and majesty of the natural world. These contrasting moods and tones
reflect the thematic differences between the two works, as well as the
authors' differing perspectives on nature, human nature, and transcendence.

 Explain how Hawthorne’s story creates a mood of suspense, horror, and

gloom, using imagery of darkness, shadows, and fire1, while Emerson’s
essay creates a mood of wonder, joy, and optimism, using imagery of light,
colors, and harmony2.

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," the mood of suspense,

horror, and gloom is effectively created through the use of imagery that
emphasizes darkness, shadows, and fire. Throughout the story, Hawthorne
employs vivid descriptions of the forest, the characters, and the actions
taking place, all of which contribute to the ominous atmosphere.

Darkness pervades the setting of the story, with the dense forest serving as a
symbol of moral ambiguity and spiritual uncertainty. Hawthorne repeatedly
describes the forest as "gloom" and "darkness," reinforcing the sense of
foreboding and danger that Goodman Brown experiences as he ventures
deeper into the woods. The imagery of shadows adds to the atmosphere of
suspense, suggesting hidden dangers lurking just out of sight.

Fire also plays a significant role in creating a mood of horror and gloom in
the story. Hawthorne uses imagery of flickering flames and burning torches
to evoke feelings of fear and apprehension. The scene in the forest, where
Goodman Brown encounters the devil and witnesses the townspeople
engaged in witchcraft, is illuminated by the eerie glow of firelight,
heightening the sense of dread and unease.

In contrast, Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Nature" creates a mood of wonder, joy,

and optimism through imagery that emphasizes light, colors, and harmony.
Emerson celebrates the beauty and majesty of the natural world, portraying it
as a source of inspiration and renewal for the human spirit.

Light is a central motif in Emerson's essay, symbolizing enlightenment and

spiritual awakening. He describes the sunlight streaming through the trees,
the colors of the sky at sunrise and sunset, and the shimmering reflections on
bodies of water, all of which evoke feelings of wonder and awe. Emerson's
use of vivid colors adds to the sense of joy and optimism, as he describes the
vibrant hues of flowers, leaves, and landscapes.

Harmony is another key theme in Emerson's essay, as he emphasizes the

interconnectedness of all living beings and the unity of the natural world.
Through imagery that evokes a sense of balance and order, Emerson conveys
the idea that humanity is an integral part of the larger cosmos, and that by
aligning ourselves with the rhythms of nature, we can find peace and
fulfillment.

Overall, while Hawthorne's story creates a mood of suspense, horror, and

gloom through imagery of darkness, shadows, and fire, Emerson's essay
creates a mood of wonder, joy, and optimism through imagery of light,
colors, and harmony. These contrasting moods reflect the thematic
 differences between the two works, as well as the authors' differing
perspectives on nature and the human experience.

 Analyze how the mood and tone of the two works reflect the authors’
attitudes toward nature and human nature. Hawthorne’s story suggests that
nature is corrupted by human sin and reveals the hypocrisy and depravity of
the Puritan society1, while Emerson’s essay suggests that nature is pure and
benevolent and reveals the potential and divinity of the human soul2.

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," the mood and tone of

suspense, horror, and gloom reflect the author's attitudes toward nature and
human nature as corrupted and tainted by sin. Hawthorne portrays nature as
a dark and dangerous place, where evil lurks and temptation abounds. The
dense forest serves as a metaphor for the moral ambiguity and spiritual
uncertainty that Goodman Brown encounters on his journey. Through vivid
imagery of darkness, shadows, and fire, Hawthorne emphasizes the
pervasive influence of sin and hypocrisy within Puritan society. The story
reveals the hypocrisy and depravity of the Puritan community, as Goodman
Brown discovers that even the most seemingly righteous individuals are
capable of succumbing to temptation and moral corruption. Overall,
Hawthorne's portrayal of nature and human nature in "Young Goodman
Brown" is pessimistic and cynical, suggesting that both are inherently flawed
and corrupted by human sin.

In contrast, Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature" conveys a mood and

tone of wonder, joy, and optimism, reflecting the author's attitudes toward
nature and human nature as pure and benevolent. Emerson celebrates the
beauty and majesty of the natural world, portraying it as a source of
inspiration and renewal for the human spirit. Through vivid imagery of light,
colors, and harmony, Emerson evokes feelings of awe and reverence for the
wonders of nature. He suggests that by communing with the natural world,
individuals can tap into their own inner divinity and unlock their full
potential. Emerson's essay reveals the potential and divinity of the human
soul, as he encourages readers to embrace the interconnectedness of all
living beings and align themselves with the rhythms of nature. Overall,
Emerson's portrayal of nature and human nature in "Nature" is optimistic and
uplifting, suggesting that both are inherently pure and benevolent, and
capable of inspiring greatness and spiritual enlightenment.

Body Paragraph 3

 Compare the setting of Hawthorne’s story and Emerson’s essay in terms of

the theme of transcendence.
 The settings of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" and Ralph
Waldo Emerson's "Nature" differ significantly in their treatment of the theme
of transcendence.

In "Young Goodman Brown," the setting of the dark and foreboding forest
serves as a backdrop for exploring a form of transcendence that is deeply
ambiguous and fraught with moral ambiguity. As Goodman Brown ventures
into the forest, he embarks on a journey that challenges his faith and
understanding of human nature. The encounter with the devil and the
revelation of the townspeople engaged in witchcraft force Goodman Brown
to confront the darker aspects of his own soul and the fragility of his faith.
The story ultimately leaves readers questioning the nature of truth and the
possibility of spiritual redemption, as Goodman Brown's experience in the
forest blurs the boundaries between reality and illusion, sin and
righteousness.

On the other hand, Emerson's "Nature" presents a more optimistic and

uplifting vision of transcendence through communion with the natural world.
Emerson celebrates the beauty and majesty of nature, portraying it as a
source of spiritual enlightenment and renewal for the human spirit. Through
vivid descriptions of the natural world and reflections on the
interconnectedness of all living beings, Emerson encourages readers to
transcend the limitations of the human ego and align themselves with the
rhythms of nature. He suggests that by immersing themselves in the beauty
and harmony of the natural world, individuals can attain a higher state of
consciousness and tap into their own inner divinity.

Overall, while Hawthorne's story explores a form of transcendence that is

fraught with moral ambiguity and existential struggle, Emerson's essay
presents a more harmonious and spiritually uplifting vision of transcendence
through communion with nature. Despite their differences, both works offer
profound insights into the human condition and the quest for spiritual
enlightenment.

 Explain how Hawthorne’s story depicts a failed attempt at transcendence, as

the protagonist loses his faith, innocence, and happiness after his nightmarish
experience in the forest1, while Emerson’s essay describes a successful
attainment of transcendence, as the author experiences a sense of unity, joy,
and wisdom in nature2.
 In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," the protagonist's
journey into the forest represents a failed attempt at transcendence, as he
ultimately loses his faith, innocence, and happiness after his nightmarish
experience. Initially, Goodman Brown ventures into the forest with the
intention of testing the strength of his faith and resisting temptation.
However, as he encounters the devil and witnesses the townspeople engaged
in witchcraft, Goodman Brown's worldview is shattered. He becomes
disillusioned with the notion of inherent goodness in humanity, realizing that
even the most seemingly righteous individuals are capable of succumbing to
sin. This loss of faith plunges Goodman Brown into a state of despair and
cynicism, as he returns to Salem disillusioned and embittered. The failed
attempt at transcendence leaves Goodman Brown spiritually adrift, unable to
reconcile the darkness he has witnessed with his previously held beliefs.

In contrast, Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature" describes a successful

attainment of transcendence, as the author experiences a sense of unity, joy,
and wisdom in nature. Emerson celebrates the beauty and majesty of the
natural world, portraying it as a source of inspiration and renewal for the
human spirit. Through communion with nature, Emerson finds solace and
enlightenment, transcending the limitations of the human ego and attaining a
higher state of consciousness. He experiences a sense of unity with all living
beings and a profound connection to the divine, as he recognizes the inherent
goodness and wisdom of nature. This successful attainment of transcendence
fills Emerson with a sense of joy, wonder, and optimism, as he embraces the
interconnectedness of all things and finds meaning and purpose in the
rhythms of the natural world.

Overall, while Hawthorne's story depicts a failed attempt at transcendence,

marked by the protagonist's loss of faith and innocence, Emerson's essay
describes a successful attainment of transcendence, characterized by a sense
of unity, joy, and wisdom in nature. Through their contrasting depictions of
transcendence, both works offer profound insights into the human condition
and the quest for spiritual enlightenment.

 Analyze how the theme of transcendence relates to the authors’ views on the
role and purpose of nature. Hawthorne’s story implies that nature is a test of
human morality and a barrier to salvation1, while Emerson’s essay argues
that nature is a teacher of human virtue and a gateway to spirituality2.

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," the theme of

transcendence relates to the author's view on the role and purpose of nature
 as a test of human morality and a barrier to salvation. Hawthorne portrays
nature, particularly the dark and foreboding forest, as a symbolic
battleground where Goodman Brown confronts the darker aspects of his own
soul and grapples with questions of sin, temptation, and faith. The forest
serves as a metaphor for the moral ambiguity and spiritual uncertainty that
Goodman Brown encounters on his journey, highlighting the inherent
dangers and temptations that lurk within the natural world. Through his
nightmarish experience in the forest, Goodman Brown ultimately loses his
faith and innocence, suggesting that nature is a test of human morality and a
barrier to salvation. Hawthorne's portrayal of nature in "Young Goodman
Brown" reflects a pessimistic and cynical view of the natural world as a
source of moral corruption and spiritual peril.

In contrast, Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature" argues that nature is a

teacher of human virtue and a gateway to spirituality. Emerson celebrates the
beauty and majesty of the natural world, portraying it as a source of
inspiration and renewal for the human spirit. He suggests that by communing
with nature, individuals can tap into their own inner divinity and unlock their
full potential. Nature serves as a teacher of human virtue, offering valuable
lessons in patience, humility, and gratitude. Through his transcendentalist
philosophy, Emerson emphasizes the importance of aligning oneself with the
rhythms of nature and embracing the interconnectedness of all living beings.
He argues that nature is a source of spiritual enlightenment and fulfillment,
guiding individuals on a journey of self-discovery and personal growth.
Emerson's portrayal of nature in "Nature" reflects an optimistic and uplifting
view of the natural world as a benevolent force that nurtures the human spirit
and fosters spiritual growth.

Overall, while Hawthorne's story implies that nature is a test of human

morality and a barrier to salvation, Emerson's essay argues that nature is a
teacher of human virtue and a gateway to spirituality. Through their
contrasting views on the role and purpose of nature, both authors offer
profound insights into the relationship between humanity and the natural
world, as well as the quest for spiritual enlightenment and moral growth.

Conclusion

 Restate the main argument or thesis of the essay and summarize the main
points or subtopics discussed in the body paragraphs.
Thesis: The settings of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown"
and Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature" serve as contrasting backdrops
for exploring the authors' views on nature, human nature, and transcendence.
While Hawthorne's story portrays nature as a dark and dangerous place,
fraught with moral ambiguity and spiritual peril, Emerson's essay celebrates
nature as a source of beauty, inspiration, and spiritual enlightenment.

Main Points or Subtopics:

1. Comparison of Settings:

- Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" set in Puritan New England's

dark forest.

- Emerson's "Nature" set in the expansive and awe-inspiring natural world.

2. Implications for Views on Nature:

- Hawthorne portrays nature as corrupted by human sin and a barrier to

salvation.

- Emerson views nature as pure and benevolent, a teacher of human virtue

and a gateway to spirituality.

3. Reflections on Human Nature:

- Hawthorne's protagonist loses faith and innocence, suggesting a failed

attempt at transcendence.

- Emerson experiences unity, joy, and wisdom in nature, indicating a

successful attainment of transcendence.

4. Notions of Transcendence:

- Hawthorne's story depicts ambiguity and moral struggle in transcendence.

 - Emerson's essay offers a harmonious and spiritually uplifting vision of
transcendence through communion with nature.

Restatement of Thesis: Through contrasting depictions of settings and

themes, Hawthorne and Emerson illuminate the complexities of the human
condition and the quest for spiritual enlightenment, with Hawthorne
presenting a pessimistic view of nature and transcendence, while Emerson
offers an optimistic and uplifting perspective.

 Explain the significance or implications of the comparison between the

setting of Hawthorne’s story and Emerson’s essay for understanding the
authors’ views on nature, human nature, and transcendence.

The comparison between the settings of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young

Goodman Brown" and Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature" offers
profound insights into the authors' views on nature, human nature, and
transcendence, shedding light on the complexities of the human condition
and the quest for spiritual enlightenment.

Firstly, the contrast in settings reflects the authors' divergent perspectives on

the nature of the natural world. Hawthorne's portrayal of the dark and
foreboding forest in "Young Goodman Brown" symbolizes moral ambiguity
and spiritual uncertainty, suggesting that nature is a corrupted and dangerous
place, fraught with temptation and sin. In contrast, Emerson's celebration of
the expansive and awe-inspiring natural world in "Nature" reflects his belief
in the inherent goodness and beauty of nature, portraying it as a source of
inspiration, renewal, and spiritual enlightenment for the human spirit.

Secondly, the settings illuminate the authors' views on human nature and the
quest for transcendence. Hawthorne's story suggests a pessimistic view of
human nature, as the protagonist, Goodman Brown, loses faith and
innocence after his nightmarish experience in the forest, indicating a failed
attempt at transcendence. In contrast, Emerson's essay presents an optimistic
and uplifting view of human nature, as the author experiences unity, joy, and
wisdom in nature, indicating a successful attainment of transcendence
through communion with the natural world.
 Overall, the comparison between the settings of Hawthorne's story and
Emerson's essay highlights the authors' differing perspectives on nature,
human nature, and transcendence, offering valuable insights into the
complexities of the human experience and the quest for spiritual
enlightenment. Through their contrasting depictions of settings and themes,
Hawthorne and Emerson invite readers to reflect on the profound mysteries
of existence and the potential for growth, transformation, and self-discovery
through communion with the natural world.

 Provide some suggestions or recommendations for further research or

reading on the topic.

-----------

Title: Contrasting Settings and Transcendence in Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" and
Emerson's "Nature"

Introduction:

Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" and Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature" both
explore the relationship between individuals and their environments, albeit in vastly different ways.
Through the settings of their respective works, both authors convey distinct perspectives on the
human experience and the concept of transcendence. This essay will examine the differences in
setting between Hawthorne's short story and Emerson's essay, analyze how the protagonists perceive
the world around them, and explore the contrasting notions of transcendence presented in their
texts.

Setting:

Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" is set in the Puritan community of Salem Village during the
17th century. The story unfolds in a dark and foreboding forest, symbolizing the moral ambiguity and
spiritual uncertainty that Brown encounters on his journey. In contrast, Emerson's "Nature" is set
amidst the vast expanses of the natural world, where the protagonist finds solace and inspiration.
Emerson celebrates the beauty and power of nature, portraying it as a source of spiritual
enlightenment and renewal.

Protagonist Perspectives:

In "Young Goodman Brown," the protagonist's perception of the world is shaped by his strict Puritan
upbringing and his belief in the inherent depravity of humanity. Brown views the forest as a place of
temptation and sin, where he confronts the darker aspects of human nature. Conversely, Emerson's
protagonist in "Nature" approaches the world with a sense of awe and reverence. He sees nature as a
manifestation of the divine, a source of endless wonder and possibility.

Transcendence:

Hawthorne's text suggests a form of transcendence that is deeply ambiguous and fraught with moral
ambiguity. As Brown delves deeper into the forest and encounters the devil and his fellow
townspeople engaged in witchcraft, he grapples with the notion of evil and the fragility of his own
faith. The story ultimately leaves readers questioning the nature of truth and the possibility of
spiritual redemption. In contrast, Emerson's concept of transcendence is rooted in the idea of self-
reliance and individualism. He encourages readers to seek enlightenment through communion with
nature, advocating for a direct and unmediated experience of the divine.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the settings of Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" and Emerson's "Nature" serve as
contrasting backdrops for exploring the complexities of human existence and the quest for
transcendence. While Hawthorne's protagonist navigates a dark and morally ambiguous world,
Emerson's protagonist finds solace and inspiration in the beauty of nature. Through their respective
works, both authors offer profound insights into the human condition and the pursuit of spiritual
enlightenment.

 First, you may want to provide some background information on the authors
and the historical context of their works. For example, you could mention
that Hawthorne and Emerson were both influential figures in the American
Transcendentalist movement, which emerged in the 19th century as a
reaction to the rationalism and materialism of the Enlightenment. You could
also briefly explain how their works reflect their different views on nature,
humanity, and spirituality.
 Second, you may want to make your thesis statement more specific and
concise. Instead of stating that you will compare the settings, the
protagonists’ perceptions, and the types of transcendence in the two works,
you could state what your main argument or claim is about these aspects. For
example, you could argue that Hawthorne and Emerson use contrasting
settings to illustrate their opposing views on the role of nature in human life,
and that their protagonists experience different forms of transcendence that
reveal their divergent attitudes toward the divine.
  Third, you may want to use some transitional words or phrases to connect
your sentences and paragraphs more smoothly. For example, you could use
words like “however,” “in contrast,” “on the other hand,” “moreover,”
“furthermore,” “therefore,” etc. to show the relationship between your ideas
and points.

Here is an example of how you could rewrite your introduction and thesis
statement, based on these suggestions:

In the 19th century, a group of American writers and thinkers known as the
Transcendentalists challenged the prevailing notions of rationalism and materialism
that dominated the Enlightenment era. Among them, Nathaniel Hawthorne and
Ralph Waldo Emerson were two of the most influential and distinctive voices,
whose works explored the themes of nature, humanity, and spirituality from
different perspectives. In Hawthorne’s short story “Young Goodman Brown,” the
protagonist ventures into a dark and mysterious forest, where he encounters a series
of disturbing events that shake his faith and morality. In Emerson’s essay “Nature,”
the reader is invited to join the author’s protagonist in a journey of discovery and
enlightenment, where he finds a deep connection between himself and the natural
world. In this essay, I will argue that Hawthorne and Emerson use contrasting
settings to illustrate their opposing views on the role of nature in human life, and
that their protagonists experience different forms of transcendence that reveal their
divergent attitudes toward the divine.

Outline

I. Introduction

A. Provide some background information on the authors and the historical context
of their works.

B. Briefly introduce the main settings, characters, and themes of the two works.

C. State your thesis: Hawthorne and Emerson use contrasting settings to illustrate
their opposing views on the role of nature in human life, and that their protagonists
experience different forms of transcendence that reveal their divergent attitudes
toward the divine.

II. Setting in “Young Goodman Brown”

A. Describe the physical setting in Hawthorne’s story: a dark and mysterious forest,
full of danger and evil.

B. Analyze how the setting contributes to the overall atmosphere and mood of the
story: suspense, fear, doubt, etc.

C. Discuss how the setting influences Young Goodman Brown’s perception of the
world: he sees the world as a place of sin and corruption, where he cannot trust
anyone or anything.

III. Setting in “Nature”

A. Describe the natural setting presented by Emerson: a serene and harmonious

natural world, full of beauty and wonder.

B. Analyze how Emerson portrays the connection between nature and the
individual: nature is a source of inspiration, wisdom, and joy for the individual,
who can learn from it and become one with it.

C. Discuss how Emerson’s setting contrasts with that of Hawthorne: he sees the
world as a place of goodness and possibility, where he can find his true self and his
relation to the divine.

IV. Protagonists’ Perception of the World

A. Explore Young Goodman Brown’s perspective on the world: he is a devout

Puritan who believes in the strict moral code of his faith, but he is also curious and
tempted by the unknown.

B. Explore Emerson’s view on the world through his protagonist in “Nature”: he is

a transcendentalist who rejects the conventional religion and society and seeks a
direct and personal experience of the divine through nature.

C. Highlight the differences in how each protagonist sees and interprets the world:
Young Goodman Brown is pessimistic, fearful, and disillusioned, while Emerson’s
protagonist is optimistic, confident, and enlightened.

V. Differences in Transcendence

A. Examine the concept of transcendence in Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman

Brown”: transcendence is a spiritual or moral phenomenon, where the individual
tries to overcome the evil and sin of the world, but often fails or loses faith.

B. Explore Emerson’s idea of transcendence in “Nature”: transcendence is a natural

and personal phenomenon, where the individual achieves a higher state of being
and awareness through a connection with nature and the divine.
C. Compare and contrast the types of transcendence suggested by each author:
Hawthorne’s transcendence is based on fear, guilt, and judgment, while Emerson’s
transcendence is based on love, joy, and freedom.

VI. Conclusion

A. Summarize the key points discussed in the essay: Hawthorne and Emerson use
contrasting settings to illustrate their opposing views on the role of nature in human
life, and that their protagonists experience different forms of transcendence that
reveal their divergent attitudes toward the divine.

B. Reinforce your thesis and explain its significance: the differences in setting,
protagonists’ perceptions, and types of transcendence between Hawthorne and
Emerson reflect the diverse perspectives on humanity and spirituality that emerged
in the American Transcendentalist movement.

C. End with a concluding thought or a call to action: invite the reader to reflect on
their own views on nature, humanity, and transcendence, and to explore more
works by Hawthorne and Emerson.

Outline II

 Introduction: Provide some background information on the two texts and

their authors and state your main argument or thesis. For example, you could
argue that Hawthorne and Emerson have contrasting views of nature and
transcendence, and that their settings reflect their different perspectives on
the role of the individual in relation to the divine.
 Body paragraph 1: Explain the setting of Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman
Brown” and how it contributes to the story’s theme. You could mention the
following points:
o The story takes place in Salem, Massachusetts, a Puritan town known
for its witch trials and religious intolerance.
o The protagonist, Goodman Brown, leaves his wife, Faith, at night to
meet a mysterious figure in the forest, who turns out to be the devil.
o The forest represents a dark and dangerous place, where Goodman
Brown encounters various people he knows to be sinners or witches,
and eventually witnesses a diabolical ceremony that shatters his faith.
o The setting creates a sense of horror, suspense, and moral ambiguity,
as Goodman Brown struggles to distinguish between reality and
illusion, and between good and evil.
o The setting also reflects Hawthorne’s critique of Puritanism and its
hypocrisy, as well as his exploration of the psychological effects of
guilt and doubt on the human soul.
 Body paragraph 2: Explain the setting of Emerson’s “Nature” and how it
contributes to the essay’s theme. You could mention the following points:
o The essay does not have a specific setting, but rather describes nature
in general terms, as a source of beauty, inspiration, and spiritual
insight for the individual.
o The essayist, Emerson, advocates for spending time alone in nature,
and for observing and contemplating its various aspects, such as the
stars, the landscape, the seasons, and the animals.
o Nature represents a harmonious and benevolent force, that reveals the
universal laws and the divine presence that underlie all creation.
o The setting creates a sense of wonder, joy, and reverence, as Emerson
celebrates the power of nature to elevate and transform the human
mind and spirit.
o The setting also reflects Emerson’s transcendentalist philosophy,
which emphasizes the importance of self-reliance, intuition, and
individualism, as well as the connection between the human soul and
the oversoul, or the supreme being.
 Body paragraph 3: Compare and contrast the settings of the two texts and
how they relate to the concept of transcendence. You could mention the
following points:
o Both texts deal with the theme of transcendence, or the idea of going
beyond the physical and the mundane, and reaching a higher level of
understanding or awareness.
o However, they have different views of what transcendence means and
how it can be achieved. For Hawthorne, transcendence is a negative
and terrifying experience, that exposes the corruption and depravity of
the human world, and the distance and indifference of the divine. For
Emerson, transcendence is a positive and exhilarating experience, that
reveals the beauty and wisdom of the natural world, and the intimacy
and harmony of the divine.
o The settings of the two texts reflect their different attitudes toward
nature and transcendence. Hawthorne’s setting is dark, gloomy, and
hostile, suggesting a pessimistic and fatalistic view of human nature
and destiny. Emerson’s setting is bright, cheerful, and friendly,
suggesting an optimistic and hopeful view of human potential and
purpose.
 Conclusion: Restate your main argument or thesis, and summarize the main
points of your essay. You could also provide some implications or
recommendations for further study or action. For example, you could suggest
that the two texts offer different perspectives on the role of nature and
religion in American culture and identity, and that they invite readers to
reflect on their own beliefs and values.