228/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

zÉÆÃZÀÄ `to loot' ¥ÁoÀ - 25

£ÀUÀgÀªÁ¹UÀ¼ÀÄ `citizens' ¨ÉÃPÀÄ ¨ÉÃqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
£ÀUÀ£Átå `jewellery and cash' £Á£ÀÄ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß PÉý PÀ£ÀßrUÀgÀÄ £ÀPÀÌgÉ JA§ ¨sÀAiÀÄ
£ÉgÀªÉÃj¸ÀÄ `to perform' ¤ªÀÄVzÉAiÉÄÃ? ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀzÀ°è ¤ªÀÄä ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉý CªÀgÀÄ £ÀUÀÄvÁÛgÉ
¥ÀæPÀgÀt `incident' ¤d. ¤ÃªÀÅ CªÀgÀ eÉÆvÉ £ÀPÀÄÌ ©r. DzÀgÉ ¤gÀÄvÁì»UÀ¼ÁUÀ¨ÉÃr. ¤ªÀÄä
¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß MAzÀÄ ªÀÄUÀÄ«£À ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀßzÀAvÉ. DzÀgÉ £É£À¦r; ¤ÃªÀÅ
¥Àæw¨sÀn¸ÀÄ `to protest' ªÀ i ÁvÀ £ ÁqÀ Ä ªÀ Å zÀ £ À Ä ß PÀ ° AiÀ Ä ¨É à PÁzÀ g É ¨É à gÉ A iÀ Ä ªÀ g À eÉ Æ vÉ
¥ÀvÉÛ `detection' ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀzÀgÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀªÉÃ.
¥À¯ÁAiÀÄ£À `escape' ¨ÉÃgÉ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ZÉ£ÁßV ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß ¤gÀAvÀgÀ
¥ÁzÀZÁjUÀ¼ÀÄ `pedestrains' C¨sÁå¸À¢AzÀ¯Éà PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÀÄ. AiÀiÁgÀÆ vÀ¥ÀÄà ªÀiÁqÀzÉ, JAzÀÆ ºÉƸÀ
¥Á®Ä `share' ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀ®Ä PÀ°w®è. ¤ªÀÄä ªÀÄÄRå ¸ÀªÀĸÉåAiÉÄAzÀgÉ MAzÀÄ
¸Áj ªÀiÁrzÀ vÀ¥Àà£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÉÛ ªÀÄvÉÛ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. ¤ÃªÀÅ JZÀÑjPɬÄAzÀ ¤ªÀÄä
¥ÀÄAqÀÄ¥ÉÆÃPÀjUÀ¼ÀÄ `lawless men'
eÉÆvÉ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀªÀgÀ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÀÄß UÀªÀĤ¹. DUÀ ¤ÃªÀÅ J°è vÀ¥ÀÄà
§qÁªÀuÉ `extension' ªÀiÁqÀÄ«j J°è ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅ¢®è JAzÀÄ w½AiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ. PÉ®ªÀgÀÄ vÁªÀÅ
§r `to beat' ªÀiÁrzÀ vÀ¥Éàà ¸Àj JAzÀÄ w½zÀÄ d£ÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀðªÀ£Éßà ©lÄÖ ©qÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
¨ÉzÀj¸ÀÄ `to threaten'
CAxÀªÀgÀÄ vÀªÀÄä vÀ¥Àà£ÀÄß ¸Àj¥Àr¹PÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀÆ E®è, ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ZÉ£ÁßV
PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÆ E®è.
¨sÀAiÀiÁ£ÀPÀ `horrifying'
PÀ£ÀßqÀ UÉÆwÛ®èzÉ EgÀĪÀ £À£Àß C£ÉÃPÀ d£À ¸ÉßûvÀgÀÄ EzÁÝgÉ. CªÀgÀÄ
¨sÁUÀ `part'
¢£À¤vÀåzÀ §¼ÀPÉUÁV PÀ£ÀßqÀ PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÁVvÀÄÛ. £À£Àß ºÀwÛgÀ §AzÀÄ PÀ£ÀßqÀ
ªÀÄÄUÀÞ d£À `innocent people' PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÉA§ D¸É EzÉ, PÀ°¹ JAzÀÄ PÉýzÀgÀÄ. £Á£ÀÄ PÀ°¸ÀvÉÆqÀVzÉ,
ªÀÄÆmÉ PÀlÄÖ `pack up' £ÀªÀĸÁÌgÀ ¸ÉßûvÀ, ºÀÄqÀÄUÀ, dªÁ£À, ªÀÄgÀ ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÉÆzÀ®
¸ÀªÁgÀgÀÄ `riders' ¢£À ºÉýPÉÆmÉÖ. ªÀiÁgÀ£Éà ¢£À £Á£ÀÄ PÀ°¹zÀ CzsÀðzÀµÀÄÖ CªÀgÀÄ
ªÀÄgÉwzÀÝgÀÄ. CªÀjUÉ CªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß eÁÕ¥ÀPÀzÀ°èlÄÖPÉƼÀÄîªÀµÀÄÖ ¸ÀAAiÀĪÀÄ
²PÁëzÀAqÀ `punishment'
EgÀ°®è. DzÀÝjAzÀ ºÉƸÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¸ÀAAiÀĪÀÄ¢A¢j,
ºÀUÀ®Ä zÀgÉÆÃqÉ `day light robbery ' D¸ÀQÛ vÉÆÃj¹, ¤ÃªÀÅ ¨sÁµÉ PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¸ÀÄvÀÛ ªÀÄÄvÀÛ® ¥Àj¸ÀgÀPÉÌ
ºÁqÀÄ ºÀUÀ®Ä `broad day light' ºÉÆA¢PÉƽî. d£ÀgÉÆqÀ£É MAzÁV CzÀPÁÌV PÀ£ÀßqÀªÀ£Éßà ªÀiÁzsÀåªÀÄ
ªÀiÁrPÉƽî.
230/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 25/231

¤ÃªÀÅ PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¥ÁoÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀªÁVzÀÄÝ, ¤ªÀÄUÉ ¨Á°±ÀªÁV C¨sÁå¸À

PÁt§ºÀÄzÀÄ. «avÀæ J¤¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. ¨ÉøÀgÀ vÀgÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. aAvɬĮè
C¨sÁå¸ÀªÀiÁr. PÀxÉ ºÉüÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß PÀ°¬Äj. ¸ÀA¨sÁµÀuÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß 1. PɼÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛj¹.
ºÉýPÉÆAqÀÄ CzÀPÉÌ vÀPÀÌAvÉ C©ü£À¬Ä¹. ¸ÀAzÀ¨sÀðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀȶֹPÉÆAqÀÄ 1.1 ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ ºÉÃUÉ ?
¨ÉÃgÉAiÀĪÀgÀÄ ªÉÄZÀÄѪÀAvÉ ªÀiÁr.
1.2 PÉ®ªÀgÀÄ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß KPÉ ZÉ£ÁßV PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅ¢®è ?
¤ÃªÀÅ vÀ¥ÀÄà ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀAvÀÆ ¤±ÀÑAiÀÄ. CzÀPÉÌ ¹zÀÞgÁVj. ºÉƸÀ 1.3 ºÉƸÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÃUÉ PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÀÄ ?
¨sÁµÉ PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¤ÃªÀÅ ªÀÄÆRðgÁUÀÄwÛÃj, WÀ£ÀvÉ PÀ¼ÉzÀÄPÉƼÀÄîwÛÃj.
£ÀUÉ¥Ál°UÉ FqÁUÀÄwÛÃj. CzÀPÉ̯Áè vÀAiÀiÁgÁVj. ºÉƸÀ 1.4 NzÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß C¨sÁå¸À ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀPÉÌ JAvÀºÀ ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
¨sÁµÉAiÉÆAzÀ£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ £ÀªÀÄä WÀ£ÀvÉ PÀ¼ÉzÀÄPÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀQÌAvÀ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛ?
WÀ£ÀªÁzÀzÀÄÝ. 1.5 §gÀªÀtÂUɬÄAzÁUÀĪÀ ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£À K£ÀÄ ?
ºÉƸÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ªÀiÁvÁqÀĪÀµÀÄÖ NzÀĪÀÅzÀgÀ
2 PÀpt ±À§ÝUÀ¼À CxÀð
§gÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀgÀ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvɬĮè. DzÀgÉ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉUÀ½UÉ vÀPÀÌ ºÁUÉ ¤ªÀÄUÉ
NzÀ¨ÉÃPɤ¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. ¸ÀtÚ ¸ÀtÚ ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¤AiÀÄvÀPÁ°PÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉ `necessity'
ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À ¥ÀwæPÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃr. ªÉÆzÀªÉÆzÀ®Ä vÀÄA¨Á PÀµÀÖªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
DvÀ䫱Áé¸À `confidence '
ªÉÆzÀ® ºÀAvÀzÀ°è ¥ÁæxÀ«ÄPÀ ±Á¯Á ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, zÀAvÀPÀxÉUÀ¼ÀÄ,
¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ DgÉÆÃUÀå, ¹¤ªÀiÁ ¸ÀÄ¢Ý ªÉÆzÀ¯ÁzÀªÀÅ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀPÉÌ JZÀÑjPÉ `caution, conscious'
§gÀÄvÀÛªÉ. ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À ¥ÀwæPÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÉÆzÀªÉÆzÀ®Ä PÀµÀÖªÁzÀgÀÆ §ºÀ¼À
¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£ÀPÁj. CªÀÅUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¤ªÀÄä ¢£À ¤vÀåzÀ «µÀAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀªÀĤ¸ÀÄ `to notice '
ZÀað¸À®Ä ¨ÉÃPÁzÀ ºÉƸÀ ºÉƸÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¤ªÀÄä ±À§Ý ¨sÀAqÁgÀPÉÌ ¸ÉÃgÀÄvÀÛªÉ. WÀ£ÀvÉ `dignity '
CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉVAvÀ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¤WÀAl£ÀÄß §¼À¸À¨ÉÃr. MAzÀÄ ¥ÀzÀzÀ CxÀð
¸À¤ßªÉñÀzÀ »£É߯ÉAiÀÄ°è CxÀðªÁUÀzÉ EzÀÝgÉ ¤WÀAl£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃr. ZÀað¸ÀÄ `to discuss'
¤ÃªÀÅ PÀ°vÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß §gÀªÀtÂUÉAiÀÄ°è ºÉZÀÄÑ §¼À¸ÀĪÀ CªÀPÁ±À eÁÕ¥ÀPÀ `memory'
E®èzÉà ºÉÆÃUÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÀ ¤ªÀÄä ¸ÉßûvÀ¤UÉ PÁUÀzÀ
§gÉAiÀÄĪÁUÀ PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ¯Éèà §gɬÄj. §gÀªÀtÂUÉ ¤ªÀÄUÉ DvÀä «±Áé¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÀ¥ÀÄà `mistake'
vÀAzÀÄ PÉÆqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¤ªÀÄä£ÀÄß ¸ÀܽÃAiÀÄgÀ£ÁßV ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. zÀAvÀPÀxÉ `mythological story'
PÀqÉAiÀÄzÁV MAzÀÄ ªÀiÁvÀÄ : vÀÄA¨Á PÀµÀÖ¥ÀlÄÖ ¨sÁµÉ PÀ°w¢ÝÃj. ¢£À ¤vÀå `daily'
DzÀÝjAzÀ PÀ°vÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀÄgÉAiÀĨÉÃr. KPÉAzÀgÉ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ JµÀÄÖ PÀµÀÖªÉÇà ªÉÄgÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ CµÉÖà ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀ.
232/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 25/233

£ÀUÉ¥Ál®Ä `laughing stock' ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð `contact'

¤WÀAlÄ `dictionary' ¸ÀªÀĸÉå `problem'
¤AiÀÄvÀPÁ°PÀ `periodicals' ¸ÀAAiÀĪÀÄ `patience'
¤gÀAvÀgÀ `constantly' ¸ÀgÀ¼À `simple'
¤gÀÄvÁìºÀ `discourage' ¸Àj¥Àr¹PÉƼÀÄî `set right'
¤±ÀÑAiÀÄ `determination' ¸ÀȶָÀÄ `to create'
£É£À¥ÀÄ `memory' ¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ `general / public'
¥Àj¸ÀgÀ `environment' ±À§Ý ¨sÀAqÁgÀ `vocabulary '
¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£À `usefulness' ºÀAvÀ `stage'
¥ÁæxÀ«ÄPÀ `primary' »£Éß¯É `background'
§gÀªÀtÂUÉ `writing' ºÉÆAzÀÄ `to adjust' / 'to possess'
¨Á°±À `childish'
¨sÀAiÀÄ `fear'
ªÀÄvÉÛ `again'
ªÀÄÆRð `fool'
ªÉÄZÀÄÑ `to appreciate'
«avÀæ `peculiar'
¸ÀAzÀ¨sÀð `incident'
¸ÀܽÃAiÀÄ `local'
¸À¤ßªÉñÀ `situation'
 Part II / 235

" circle" otherwise known as "anuswara" indicates a nasal

PART II
consonant corresponding to the following consonant.
SCRIPT
The words and sentences to practice.
Mostly hand movement in Kannada is anti clockwise. But
there are stray instances where the clockwise movement is also
seen. The letters in this book are arranged into a group on their FgÀ PÀgÀ PÀAoÀ
shape similarity and contrastive perception. The arrow mark F PÀgÀ
and the numbering show the beginning and the direction of the
movement.
F PÀAoÀ

Note that The above words and sentences are formed by

o gÀ oÀ F using the letters introduced in this lesson.

2 2 2
4
1 3
1 1 3
F is the only vowel introduced here.
Circle ra Tha ii à This is the secondary sympbol of vowel F. The box
indicates the primary consonant. The combination of F with

PÀ AiÀÄ gÀhÄ
4 3 2

2
3
1 1
consonants are realised in the following examples.
1 4
2 4 3
5
ka ya Jha gï + F = jÃ
oï + F = pÃ
The consonant in kannada possess an inherant vowel - a.
Pï + F = QÃ
This is generally marked by (talakaTTu). But there are
some letters which do not have talakaTTu. The pure consonant AiÀiï + F = ¬ÄÃ
is marked by
ï
(halant)
gï - r consonant.
gÀhiï + F = jhÄÃ

gÀ - r+a combination
236/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 237

GROUP 2 Combine the following

gï + D = ____________
1

® C D
la
1

a
2

1
2

aa
oï
Pï
+
+
D
D
=
=
____________
____________
2 2 3
AiÀiï + D = ____________

G H
1

u
1

Uu
gÀhiï
¯ï
gï
+
+
+
D
D
G
=
=
=
____________
____________
____________
The vowels introduced in this group are C, D, G, H. The
oï + G = ____________
Secondary symbol of C ( À) is already dealt in the previous
Pï + G = ____________
lesson. The secondary symbols of the other vowels are given
below. AiÀiï + G = ____________
D Á ¯Á ¯ÁAiÀÄ gÀhiï + G = ____________
G Ä ®Ä PÁ®Ä ¯ï + G = ____________
H Æ ®Æ D®ÆgÀÄ gï + H = ____________
Words and sentences for Practice
oï + H = ____________
Pï + H = ____________
D® D®AiÀÄ AiÀiï + H = ____________
®AiÀÄ PÁ®gÀ D D®AiÀÄ
gÀhiï + H = ____________
HgÀÄ DPÀgÀ F HgÀÄ
¯ï + H = ____________
PÁ® gÀÆ®Ä F D®AiÀÄ D HgÀ D®AiÀÄ
238/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 239

GROUP 3 Combine the following

zï + F = ____________

zÀ zsÀ xÀ
2 2 2

1 1 1
3
zsï + F = ____________
3 4
xï + F = ____________
da dha tha qï + F = ____________

qÀ qsÀ qsï + F = ____________

3 3

1 1
2 2
zï + D = ____________
Da Dha
4
zsï + D = ____________
No vowels in this group
xï + D = ____________
qï + D = ____________
qsï + D = ____________
Words and sentences for practice
zï + G = ____________
zÀqÀ zÁgÀ PÀAzÀ zsï + G = ____________
PÀzÀ zÀÆgÀ DzsÁgÀ xï + G = ____________
gÀxÀ zÀAqÀ PÀqÀÆgÀÄ qï + G = ____________
qsï + G = ____________
F gÀxÀ HgÀ gÀxÀ zï + H = ____________
FgÀ gÁAiÀÄgÀ PÀAqÀ zsï + H = ____________
GzÀAiÀÄ D®AiÀÄzÀ PÀzÀ PÀAqÀ xï + H = ____________
qï + H = ____________
qsï + H = ____________
240/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 241

GROUP 4 Words and sentences for practice

J K ªÀ
2 2
JqÀ JzÀÄgÀÄ D ªÀÄgÀ D®zÀ ªÀÄgÀ
1 1 1
ªÀÄgÀ gÀĪÀiÁ®Ä CzÀÄ CªÀgÀ gÀĪÀiÁ®Ä
e ee va bÀ® JPÀgÉ ªÀiÁzsÀÄ ªÀiÁAiÀĪÁzÀgÀÄ
ªÀgÀ PÁ®ÄªÉ

ªÀÄ bÀ
2 2
KPÀ
1 1

ma cha
The vowels introduced are J, K. The Secondary Observe the following combinations.

symbols are given below.

ªï + F = «Ã
J É ªÉ PÁ®ÄªÉ ªÀiï + F = «ÄÃ
K Éà ªÉà ªÉÃzÀ bï + F = cÃ
ªï + D = ªÁ
The combination of these secondary symbols with the
consonants are given below. ªÀiï + D = ªÀiÁ
bï + D = bÁ
ªï + J = ªÉ ªï + K = ªÉà ªï + G = ªÀÅ
ªÀiï +J = ªÉÄ ªÀiï + K = ªÉÄà ªÀiï + G = ªÀÄÄ
bï + J = bÉ bï + K = bÉÃ bï + G = bÀÄ
242/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 243

GROUP 5 Words and sentences for practice

¥À ¥sÀ µÀ
3 3 4
¥ÀzÀ CWÀ ¥ÁoÀ ¥sÉÃ®Ä ¥ÁAqÀªÀgÀÄ ¥ÀzÀPÀ
1 2
1 3 5 2
1 ¥sÀ® GµÀ ¥ÉÊgÀÄ ¥sÀAqÀgÁ¥ÀÄgÀ ¥ÉÃ¥Àgï
4
pa pha sha

L D HgÀÄ ¥ÁAqÀªÀ¥ÀÄgÀ
4

3 2 2
1 1
gÁªÀÄ ¥ÀzÀ«ÃzsÀgÀ
5

gha aee CzÀÄ D ªÀÄgÀzÀ ¥sÀ®

The vowel introduced here is L. L is the combination of Observe the following combinations :
a+i, which is normally called dipthong. The secondary symbol
is given below : ¥ï + F = ¦Ã
L ÉÊ ¥ÉÊ ¥ÉÊgÀÄ ¥ï + D = ¥Á
¥ï + G = ¥ÀÅ
The combination with other consonants : ¥ï + H = ¥ÀÇ
¥ï + J = ¥É
¥ï + L = ¥ÉÊ
¥ï + K = ¥ÉÃ
¥sï + L = ¥sÉÊ
¥ï + L = ¥ÉÊ
µï + L = µÉÊ
Wï + L = WÉÊ
244/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 245

GROUP 6 Words and sentences

MzÉ NqÀÄ PÀªÀÄ® MAzÀÄ ¥ÁoÀ NzÀÄ.

M N O
1

1 1
2 NzÀÄ OµÀzsÀ MAzÀÄ gÀÆ¥Á¬Ä PÉÆqÀÄ
d® doÀgÀ CzÀÄ CªÀgÀ N¯É.
o oo au
Combine the following

d 1

ja
2 gï +
gï +
gï +
M = ___________
N = ___________
O = ___________
¯ï + M = ___________
¯ï + N = ___________
The vowels introduced here are M, N, O. O is the ¯ï + O = ___________
combination of a+u, which is a dipthong like L. The secondary AiÀiï + M = ___________
symbols are given below. AiÀiï + N = ___________
eï + M = ___________
eï + N = ___________
eï + O = ___________
M ÉÆ PÉÆ PÉÆ¯É ªÀiï + O = ___________
N ÉÆà PÉÆà PÉÆÃgÀÄ ªï + M = ___________
ªï + N = ___________
O Ë PË PËgÀªÀ ªï + O = ___________
¥ï + N = ___________
¥ï + O = ___________
ªÀiï + M = ___________
246/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 247

GROUP 7 GROUP 8

§ ¨sÀ ZÀ l vÀ
2 4 2

1 1 1 3 1
2
1
2
3

ba bha ca Ta ta

Words and sentences Words and sentences for practice

§PÀ ZÀgÀPÀ ZÀªÀÄZÀ gÁdÄ ¥ÁoÀ §gÉzÀ Dl vÀAzÉ mÁgÀÄ vÀjÃPÉgÉ
¨sÀAiÀÄ ¨Á®PÀ ZÉAqÀÄ ªÀiÁªÀ ¨ÉÆA¨É PÉÆAqÀÄ PÉÆAqÀgÀÄ. vÉÆÃl vÁvÀ mÉƪÉÄmÉÆ
¨sÁªÀ ZÁ®PÀ ZËPÀ PÀªÀÄ® ¨sÀAiÀÄ¥ÀqÀ¨ÉÃqÀ Nl vÀl l¥Á®Ä vÁªÀgÉ
CzÀÄ gÁAiÀÄgÀ vÉÆÃl.
Combine the following
CAZÉAiÀÄ ¥ÉÃzÉ GµÉAiÀÄ l¥Á®Ä vÀAzÀ.
¨ï + F = ___________
Combine the following
Zï + F = ___________
mï + C = ___________
¨sï + D = ___________
vï + D = ___________
Zï + N = ___________
mï + F = ___________
Zï + D = ___________
vï + F = ___________
Zï + M = ___________ mï + J = ___________
¨ï + K = ___________ mï + K = ___________
¨sï + G = ___________ vï + J = ___________
Zï + H = ___________ vï + M = ___________
eï + L = ___________ mï + M = ___________
¨ï + O = ___________ vï + O = ___________
¨sï + M = ___________ mï + N = ___________
248/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 249

GROUP 9 GROUP 10

E k t UÀ £À ¸À
2 2 2 3

1 1 2

1 1 1 1
3
ga na sa
i na Na
Words and sentences for practice
The vowel in this lesson is E. The secondary symbol is given
ªÀÄUÀ £ÀUÀ UÀgÀUÀ¸À UÀUÀ£À
below :
¸ÀgÀ £Á¬Ä ¸ÀqÀUÀgÀ ¸ÀÄgÀ¸ÀÄAzÀj
E j PÀÄj
¸ÀAUÀ £ÉÆÃl UÀAmÉ
Observe the following combinations :
ªÀÄAUÀ ¸ÁªÀÅ D¸É
gï + E = j
CªÀ¤UÉ UÁ£ÀAiÉÆÃV JAzÀÄ ©gÀÄzÀÄ EzÉ.
ªï + E = «
AiÀiï + E = ¬Ä EªÀ¤UÉ D ¹¤ªÀiÁ £ÉÆÃqÀ¨ÉÃPÉAzÀÄ D¸É.
zï + E = ¢ ªÉÄʸÀÆgÀÄ ¸ÀÄAzÀgÀªÁzÀ £ÀUÀgÀ.
uï + E = t Combine the following
mï + E = n Uï + F = ___________
vï + E = w £ï + F = ___________
k is not used as a graphic representation. ¸ï + D = ___________
"circle" when followed by palatal sounds functions as `k' Uï + M = ___________
e.g. ZÀAZÀ®, ªÀÄAZÀ, PÀAZÀÄ.
£ï + N = ___________
¸ï + O = ___________
Words and sentences for practice
£ï + J = ___________
EzÀÄ EgÀÄªÉ ªÀÄuÉ EªÀgÀÄ
E° ¨sÀgÀt PÉÆÃuÉ ¸ï + K = ___________
EªÀgÀÄ EAzÀĪÀÄwAiÀÄ vÀAzÉ vÁ¬Ä. Uï + L = ___________
D Kt EªÀgÀzÀÄ. Uï + E = ___________
250/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 251

GROUP 11 GROUP 12

¼À ±À ºÀ R IÄ B
2 2 2 3
1
1 2
1
1
4
2

Sa ha kha ri "Visarga"
La
IÄ is the vowel introduced in this group of letters. IÄ is a
Words and sentences for practice
Sanskrit borrowed sound found only in Sanskrit borrowed
ªÀÄ¼É ±Á®Ä ºÁ®Ä PÀ¼ÀAPÀ
words. The secondary symbol is given below. Although it is
D¼ÀÄ ±ÉÊ® ºÀƪÀÅ ºÀ¼À¢ treated as a vowel in traditional grammar it functions as a
§¼É ²Ã® ºÉüÀÄ PÀ¼À±À consonant.
±ËZÀ ºÉÆÃj ¸À±ÉõÀ
IÄ È PÀÈ PÀȶ
D ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£À ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ UËj.
ªÀÄ¼É §AzÀgÉ ¨É¼É. Observe the follwoing combinations :
²²gÀ£À UɼÀw ±ÉÊ® ¸ÀÄAzÀj.
vï + IÄ = vÀÈ
Observe the following combinations : zï + IÄ = zÀÈ
¸ï + IÄ = ¸ÀÈ
¼ï + F = ½Ã
Words and sentences for Practice.
±ï + D = ±Á
RUÀ ±ÀAR IĶ ReÁ£É zÀÄBR
ºï + J = ºÉ RAqÀ PÀÈ¥À IÄvÀÄ vÀÈt IÄt¨sÁgÀ CAvÀBPÀgÀt
±ï + O = ±Ë IÄvÀĪÀiÁ£À CAvÀB¥ÀÄgÀ
¼ï + L = ¼ÉÊ visarga has the `ah' sound value
ºï + N = ºÉÆà PÀȶ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀªÀ£ÀÄ PÀȶPÀ.
ºï + E = » ¨sÁgÀvÀ zÉñÀzÀ gÁdzsÁ¤ zɺÀ°.
vÉãÀ¹AUÀ UËj ±ÀAPÀgÀ ²RgÀ KjzÀ.
¥sÀÇ®£ï zÉë qsÀPÁ¬ÄvÀgÀ gÁtÂ.
252/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 253

Primary letters along with the secondary symbols of CfÓ CdÓ¤UÉ PÀeÁÓAiÀÄ ªÀiÁrzÀ¼ÀÄ.
vowels are introduced so far. Now let us see the secondary
symbols of the consonants. The secondary symbols of the QnÖ PÉÆý ªÉÆmÉÖ vÀAzÀÄ PÉÆlÖ.
consonants are also grouped into three categories. viz., MAzÀÄ PÀtÂÚUÉ ¨ÉuÉÚ, MAzÀÄ PÀtÂÚUÉ ¸ÀÄtÚ.
1. The secondary symbols similar to the primary letters but ¸Àħ⠺À§âzÀ UÀ¯ÁmÉ PÉý vÀ©â¨ÁâzÀ.
smaller in size.
CªÀé ¸ÀÄ«é ¸ÀĪÀé¯Á° JAzÀÄ ºÁrzÀ¼ÀÄ.
2. The secondary symbols which show a little deviant forms
from that of the primary ones.
3. The secondary symbols which have completely different
shape from that of the primary ones.
The secondary symbols of the consonants are written below the
primary letters.

Group I
eï + d = dÓ CdÓ
mï + l = lÖ ¨ÉlÖ
uï + t = tÚ CtÚ
¨ï + § = §â ºÀ§â
ªï + ªÀ = ªÀé CªÀé

CfÓ, PÀnÖUÉ, PÀtÄÚ, PÀ§Äâ, vÉƪÉé

ªÀÄfÓUÉ, ºÉÆmÉÖ, ¨ÉuÉÚ, ¨ÉƨÉâ, ¸ÀĪÁé°.
254/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 255

Group II Group III

Pï + PÀ = PÀÌ CPÀÌ vï + vÀ = vÀÛ PÀvÀÛj
Uï + UÀ = UÀÎ ºÀUÀÎ £ï + £À = £Àß PÀ£ÀßqÀ
Zï + ZÀ = ZÀÑ ºÀÄZÀÑ ªÀiï + ªÀÄ = ªÀÄä vÀªÀÄä
qï + qÀ = qÀØ zÀqÀØ AiÀiï + AiÀÄ = AiÀÄå CAiÀÄå
zï + zÀ = zÀÝ ¥ÉzÀÝ ¯ï + ® = ®è ¨É®è
¼ï + ¼À = ¼Àî PÀ¼Àî
¥ï + ¥À = ¥Àà vÀÄ¥Àà vÀÄvÀÆÛj, ªÀÄ£ÀßuÉ, ¸ÀĪÀÄä£É, PÀAiÀiÁågÉ, PÀ®Äè, PÀvÀÛ®Ä,
¸ï + ¸À = ¸Àì §¸ÀÄì ªÀÄ£ÀßuÉ, ZÀªÀiÁägÀ, §AiÀÄÄå, PÀ®èAUÀr.

ªÀÄPÀ̼ÀÄ, ªÀÄUÀÎ, ªÉÄZÀÄÑ, UÀqÀØ, UÀzÀÝ®, ¸ÀļÀÄî, C¥Àà, ªÀÄ£À¸ÀÄì, PÀvÉÛ §®èzÉ PÀ¸ÀÆÛjAiÀÄ ªÁ¸À£ÉAiÀÄ ?
¸ÀPÀÌgÉ, £ÀÄUÉÎÃPÁ¬Ä, CZÀÑj, PÀqÁØAiÀÄ, ºÀzÀÄÝ, ¨É¼ÀÄî½î, PÀ¥ÀÄà. §£Áßj C£Àß w£ÀßzÉ MAzÀÄ ªÁgÀ D¬ÄvÀÄ.
vÀªÀÄäAiÀÄå ¸ÀĪÀÄä ¸ÀĪÀÄä£É £ÀPÀÌ.
CPÀÌ£À ªÀÄPÀ̽UÉ ZÀPÀÄÌ° ¨ÉÃPÀÄ.
CªÀÄäAiÀÄå ªÀAiÀiÁågÀ¢AzÀ GAiÀiÁå¯ÉAiÀÄ°è PÀĽvÀ¼ÀÄ.
UÀÄUÀÄÎ vÀVÎ §VÎ £ÀqÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ PÀ°vÀ.
ªÀÄ°è ºÀt PÀ¼ÉzÀÄPÉÆAqÀÄ C°è E°è ºÀÄqÀÄQzÀ¼ÀÄ.
ºÀÄZÀÑ¥Àà ºÀÄZÀÄÑZÁÑV ªÀiÁvÁrzÀ.
zÀÄrØzÀݪÀ£ÀÄ §rØ zÀÄqÀÄØ PÀÆr¹ zÉÆqÀتÀ£ÁzÀ.
¥ÉzÀÝ ¥É¢Ý ªÀÄÄzÉÝ wAzÀÄ ©zÀÝA©Ã¼À NrzÀgÀÄ.
PÀ¼Àî ¸ÀļÀÄî ºÉýzÀ. 1
Û
The secondary symbols are given below with directions.

ß 1 1
ä
C¥Àà ºÀ¥Àà¼À wAzÀÄ ¸À¥Éà JAzÀgÀÄ.
£À£ÀUÉ vÀ¥À¸ÀÄì ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀPÉÌ ªÀÄ£À¸ÀÄì ¨ÁgÀzÀÄ. 1
å 1
è
256/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Part II / 257

The homegeneous clusters of the consonants were Please note that the aspirated (mahaprana) consonant
introduced so far. Now let us see the heterogeneous clusters. can never appear as primary consonant in a cluster. It always
Whenever the cluster is pronounced, the first pronounced letter appears as secondary memeber.
will be the primary one and then followed is a secondary one.
£ÀªÀĸÁÌgÀ, GzÁÞgÀ, ¤µÉ×, GvÁÜ£À, ªÁUÁÝ£À, GzÀãªÀ, ¥ÀQë,
eï + ªÀ = dé dégÀ
GvÀìªÀ, ¸ÀvÀá®, ¥À²ÑªÀÄ, GvÀàwÛ, ¥ÀĵÀà, vÀvÀìªÀÄ.
¨ï + d = §Ó PÀħÓ
µÀ + t = µÀÚ PÀȵÀÚ gÁdPÁgÀtÂUÀ¼ÀÄ §qÀªÀgÀ GzÁÞgÀzÀ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁrzÀgÀÄ.
Uï + § = Uïâ ªÁUÀâ® ¸ÀzÀÄÎgÀÄ ºÀÄZÀÄÑ GzÁÎgÀ vÉUÉzÀgÀÄ.
eï + k = dÕ CdÕ CªÀjUÉ ¸ÀvÁÌgÀ ªÀiÁrzÀgÉ £ÀªÀÄUÉ ¸ÀªÀĸÁÌgÀ ºÉüÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
CªÀ¼À GZÁÑgÀ PÉý ªÀÄ®AiÀiÁ½AiÉÄAzÀÄ ¤²Ñ¹zÉ.
eÁé¯É, C§Ó, «µÀÄÚ, CPÀâgï, «eÁÕ¤, ¸ÀégÀ, ¸ÀȶÖ.
¸ï + vÀ = vÀì GvÀìªÀ
PÀȵÀÚ ¸Áé«ÄUÉ dégÀ §A¢zÉ.
Uï + £ÀÀ = UÀß ®UÀß
«µÀÄÚ PÀȵÀÚ£ÁV CªÀvÀj¹zÀ.
zï + ªÀÄ = zÀä ¥ÀzÀä
D qÁPÀÖgÀÄ vÀÄA¨Á M¼ÉîAiÀĪÀgÀÄ.
uï + AiÀÄ = tå £Átå
vÀdÕgÁzÀ «eÁÕ¤UÀ¼ÀÄ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ°è EzÁÝgÉ.
ªÀiï + gÀ = ªÀÄæ vÁªÀÄæ
vï + PÀ = vÀÌ ¸ÀvÁÌgÀ gï + AiÀÄ = AiÀÄð gÀå ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð / ¸ÀÆgÀå
qï + UÀ = qÀÎ RqÀÎ ¥ÀæPÀÈw, gÀPÀÛ, gÀvÀß, gÀÄQätÂ, ¥ÀÄtå, PÁAiÀÄð
±ï
Zï
+
+
ZÀ
bÀ
=
=
±ÀÑ
ZÀÒ
¤±ÀÑAiÀÄ
GZÀÒ
Note that
æ
gÀ has two secondary symbols.

zï + zsÀ = zÀÞ GzÁÞgÀ

gÀ ð
258/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson II /259

æ occurs after the primary consonant in pronunciation eg.
taamra vÁªÀÄæ.
ð occurs before the primary consonant in pronunciation.
eg. Surya ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð. This can also be written as ¸ÀÆgÀå.
Though the vowel sound occurs lost in a three consonant cluster
unit like gÁµÀÖç, ¹Ûçà etc., the written representation has the vowel
symbol added to the first consonant and the other two written
below the primary letter in the order in which they are
pronounced.

but one must be careful in writing words like CgÀàuÉ

(C¥ÀðuÉ). If `gÀ' becomes smaller in size, then it looks
odd.
£ÀªÀÄä ¸ÀÄvÀÛªÀÄÄvÀÛ gÀPÀÛ ¹PÀÛ ºÀ¸ÀÛUÀ¼Éà EªÉ.
Letters of the Kannada alphabet in the traditional order
ªÀtðªÀiÁ¯É
C D E F G H IÄ J K L M N O CA CB

gÀvÀß½UÉ ®UÀßzÀ ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß ªÀiÁrzÀgÀÄ. PÀ R UÀ WÀ Y

¥ÀzÀä½UÉ ¥ÀgÀªÀiÁvÀä£À°è £ÀA©PÉ E®è. ZÀ bÀ d gÀhÄ k

l oÀ qÀ qsÀ t
¸ÀvÀå - C¸ÀvÀå, £ÁåAiÀÄ - C£ÁåAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ zÉêÀjUÉ UÉÆvÀÄÛ.
vÀ xÀ zÀ zsÀ £À
DªÀÄèd£ÀPÀ fêÀªÁAiÀÄÄ.
¥À ¥sÀ § ¨sÀ ªÀÄ
EAzÀæ ZÀAzÀæ ¸ÉÃj vÁªÀÄæzÀ ZÉÆA§Ä vÀAzÀgÀÄ
AiÀÄ gÀ ® ªÀ ±À µÀ ¸À ºÀ ¼À
¸ÀPÁðj D¦üù£À°è ªÀÄAiÀiÁðzɬÄAzÀ ªÀiÁvÁrzÀgÉ
PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ £ÉgÀªÉÃgÀĪÀÅ¢®è. `Y' is not introduced as it is not functional in its full form.
Three clusters are seen in Sanskrit borrowed words. But they
are less in numbers. A few words are given below for example.
wÃPÀë÷Ú, C¸Ààø±Àå, ªÀÄvÀìöå, gÁµÀÖç
GzsÀéðUÁ«Ä, ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøw, ¹ÛçÃ