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\ddot makes a dieresis over a letter: ä (math \fboxsep — space between frame and text for
mode). \fbox and \framebox.
. \fill — rubber length (glue) that can stretch to
\ddots produces a diagonal ellipsis . . (math arbitrary length. Usually used to justify text a
mode). particular way.
\deg is deg (math mode). \flat is [ (math mode).
February 15, 2019 5
\footnotetext{text} specifies the text for a \hrulefill expands to fill horizontal space with
footnote which was indicated by a horizontal rule.
\footnotemark. \hspace{len} leaves a horizontal space of
dimension len.
\forall is ∀ (math mode).
\hspace*{len} is like \hspace{len} but space is
\frac{numerator}{denominator} produces a
not removed at the beginning or end of a line.
fraction in math environments.
\huge switches to a very large typeface. \Huge is
\frame{text} makes a framed (outlined) box
even bigger.
around text, with no margin between the text
and the frame. \hyphenation{wordlist} declares hyphenation
as indicated; wordlist contains words
\framebox[size][pos]{text} produces a
separated by spaces, with hyphens indicated
framed box of dimension size containing (e.g. “aard-vark cal-i-bra-tion”).
text, optionally positioned l or r.
In picture environment, \i is ı.
\framebox(width,height)[pos]{text} \iff is ⇐⇒ (math mode).
creates a rectangle around text; dimensions of \Im is = (math mode).
rectangle are width and height; text is
\imath is ı (math mode).
positioned at optional pos (see positions on
page 8). \in is ∈ (math mode).
\frown is _ (math mode). \include{filename} brings in filename text at
that point.
\fussy is the default declaration for the
line-breaking algorithm (cf. \sloppy). \includeonly{file1,file2,...} limits
recognition of \include files.
\gamma is γ. \Gamma is Γ (math mode).
\index{text} appends text to the .idx file by
\gcd is gcd (math mode).
writing an \indexentry command.
\ge is ≥ (math mode). \indexentry{text}{ref} is written to the .idx
\geq is ≥ (math mode). file for \index{text} occuring at reference ref.
\gets is ← (math mode). \indexspace puts blank space before first index
\gg is (math mode). entry starting with a new letter.
\glossary{text} appends text to the .glo file \inf is inf (math mode).
by writing a \glossaryentry command. \infty is ∞ (math mode).
6 LATEX Command Summary
\put(x,y){stuff} is the basic picture-drawing environment and right margin of list. Default
command. (x,y) is the reference point, whose 0in.
meaning varies for different stuff. stuff may \rm switches to Roman type.
be anything that goes in an \mbox.
\roman{counter} prints counter in lower-case
\raggedbottom causes pages to assume natural roman numerals. \Roman{counter} prints
height. upper-case roman numerals.
\raggedleft declares all text that follows is to be \rq is a right-quote: ’.
flush against the right margin (cf.
\rule[height]{length}{width} makes a
\begin{flushright}).
rectangular blob of ink length long, width
\raggedright declares all text that follows is to wide, with optional height above baseline.
be flush against the left margin (cf.
\S is §.
\begin{flushleft}).
\savebox{\binname}[width][pos]{text} is
\raisebox{dim}[d2][d3]{text} moves text up
exactly like \makebox (q.v.), but saves box
by dim (which may be negative). Optional d2
definition in bin \binname. Access with
makes system think that text extends d2 above
\usebox{\binname}.
the baseline (and optionally d3 below it).
\sbox{\binname}{text} saves text in box
\rangle is i (math mode).
\binname (see \savebox, above.).
\rbrace is } (math mode).
\sc switches to caps and small caps font.
\rbrack is ] (math mode).
\scriptsize switches subscript size type.
\rceil is e (math mode).
\scriptstyle switches to sub- or
\Re is < (math mode). superscript-sized typesetting.
\ref{text} is the section number in which \scriptscriptstyle switches to second-level
\label{text} occurs. (very small) sub- or superscript-sized
\renewcommand{\cs}[narg]{def} redefines an typesetting (math mode).
old control sequence \cs with definition def. \searrow is & (math mode).
Optionally, narg is the number of arguments, \sec is sec (math mode).
indicated in def as #1, #2, etc.
\section[toctitle]{text} begins a new
\renewenvironment{envname}[narg]{def1}{def2} section, automatically headed and numbered.
redefines an old new environment. See Optional toctitle contains entry for the table
\newenvironment. of contents if different from text.
\restorecr undoes the \obeycr command \section*{text} begins a section, prints a title,
(makes carriage return a space-producing but doesn’t include a number or make a table
character). of contents entry.
\reversemarginpar causes opposite margin to be \setcounter{counter}{value} resets the value
used for marginal notes (e.g., left margin on of counter.
odd-numbered pages).
\setlength{\nl}{length} sets value of length
\rfloor is c (math mode). command \nl to length. See also
\rhd is (math mode). \addtolength, \newlength, \settowidth.
\rho is ρ (math mode). \setminus is \ (math mode).
\right* (where * is a delimiter) must be paired \settowidth{\nl}{text} sets value of length
with \left* (not necessarily using the same command \nl to the width of text. See also
delimiter). ‘.’ acts as a null delimiter (math \setlength, \newlength, \addtolength.
mode).
\sf switches to sans serif font.
\rightarrow is →. \Rightarrow is ⇒ (math
\sharp is ] (math mode).
mode). x
\rightharpoondown is + (math mode). yy
\shortstack[pos]{x\\yy\\zzz} yields zzz, a
\rightharpoonup is * (math mode). one-column tabular arrangement of its
\rightleftharpoons is * ) (math mode). arguments. Optional pos can be l or r for text
\rightmargin — in list environment, horizontal position.
distance between right margin of enclosing \sigma is σ. \Sigma is Σ (math mode).
10 LATEX Command Summary
LATEX typefaces
\rm Roman
\it Italic
Text-mode accents
\bf Boldface
\sl Slanted
\sf Sans serif ò \‘{o} ō \={o} o o \t{oo}
\sc Small Caps ó \’{o} ȯ \.{o} o̧ \c{o}
\tt Typewriter ô \^{o} ŏ \u{o} o. \d{o}
ö \"{o} ǒ \v{o} o \b{o}
¯
õ \~{o} ő \H{o}
LATEX environments
Miscellaneous symbols
† \dag § \S c \copyright
‡ \ddag ¶ \P £ \pounds
February 15, 2019 13
( ( ) )
[ [ ] ] Variable-sized symbols (math mode)
{ \{ } \}
d \lceil e \rceil X \
b c
P T
\lfloor \rfloor \sum \bigcap
p \ulcorner q \urcorner Q Y S [
\prod \bigcup
x \llcorner y \lrcorner ` a F G
h \langle i \rangle \coprod \bigsqcup
/ \
Z
/ \backslash R W _
| \vert k \Vert \int \bigvee
I
↑ \uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow H V ^
\oint \bigwedge
↓ \downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow
J K N O
\updownarrow m \Updownarrow \bigodot \bigotimes
L M U ]
\bigoplus \biguplus
14 LATEX Command Summary
X \checkmark z \maltese
r \circledR U \yen
s \circledS { \complement
0 \mho \ \backslash