uns 138, study description the explanation backed by their wilingness and consent i {What ia Research ? Write objectives and and the justification of methods and the thatthe states obey ules of international significance of Research? metiods themselves.” Tawi. Constitutional Law » Constitutional ‘ns: Etymologicaly the term researc is Importance of Research Methodology laws the supreme aw ofthe county. Getved from a Franch word esearch Law being dynamic concept, has to tnd writen inthe constition ofthe ‘meaning to "Searcy and a Latin word fopt tel to the rapidly changing norms (ease meaning tego roundin aercle. ofthe progressive Socety. Therefore, the I Statute aw or ordinary la Its also Research isan engutty forthe verification Immpartance ofthe study and research in Calle the national aw othe municipal of afresh theory the il ofl a a special branch of faerie made bythe government nit ‘Resesich sa continuum find out the emphasized Genealy speaking. legal Setermines and regulates the conduct and truth and examine agan fora better Fee knowledge haraly to inquty Which behaviour ofthe people. The legislature Conclusion. Ths Is the very essence of the Felates flaw alone lain relation to makes iaws, provess of aoquiing new knowledge Soci. ‘Private lav: Private law regulates the Becarding to Cook, Research san honest Lgal research begins with the analysis Felations among individuals lays down exhaustive nteligent searching fr facts ofthe facts of a problem and concludes fules regarding the conduct ofthe land thelr meanings or implications with with the results ofthe investigation. Thus, Inaivialn sckty and his relations with Feterence toa gven problem Its importance tat research may be ‘ava other persons guarantees the Red man and Mary define research as deserted asa process of identifying and enjoyment of is right ‘Systematized efforts to gain krowiedge * Fetieving information on various facts of Public lw = Thelaw which regulated Cfo woody defines thus. Researeh human conduct and examine ond the elatons between the ndvioua nd Is careful enquiry or examination in analyses them in thei legal perspective the sates publ law. tis made and Seeking facts ox principles and dligent 30.8 10 solve the problems arising there enforced bythe state on behalf ofthe investigation n order to assrting to from, “a General aw t lays down the relations between the private eltzens and the state tions point out tothe fact 4. Explain deta the various type of awe vil Administrative law: lays down the research is orginal and fundamental, ‘various sources of law, Define law. res governing te exereise ofthe ‘ontnbution fo the knowledge on any ‘ans Defination of law'= The word of aw Constitutional suthorty which stands Subject or dsepine leasng forts has been derived from the Teutenio word Gelegated bythe constuion ofthe state advancement. tia voyage towards truth, basi law can be defined as definite rule toallthe organs of government Objectives of Research = Every research ‘ot eonduct and human relations. also has its on specific purpose however oF means a unifoem rule of cendut wich Is 4. whats legal materiale? Discuss About sbjectives of research maybe lasalfied {applicable equally tal the people of he legal materia sefolows— state ‘ans. Legal research materalshelp us find {To famiarize with phenomenon oo ‘Sources of lav: fut what the law isthey nlude secondary acquire new insight nto an existing facts [Custom = Custom has been one ofthe and primary sources. Secondary sources 2570 portay accurately the dest Sources af law. In anclent times fxplin the law. They include legal characteris ofa patcular objects, Social relations gaverise to several ‘ctionaryies Legal encyclopaedas legal ‘tuation or group, Lesage’, ration and customs. perdeas annotations and weatises The ‘To determine the frequency with which ic Religion and Moray = Religion and Fegal research materiale ae often undated ‘Something aecurs or with which tis religious codes appeared natural in with supplements. faseociate with something else fverysocety when human belngs began Now we discuss tin details 4 To testa hypothesis of casual ‘observing enoying and fering natural | ludgement = Judgement is defines as ‘elationship between two objects forces decision ofthe court upon the respective 5 To separate fact from speculation and ii Legilaton = Since the emergance of Fights and claims of the paris to action wish legislature in 13 century egisiation Ina such submited tit for determination E'To extend, comect or very knowledge legislation has emerged asthe che, In simple terminology judgement isthe sng source of law. expression o opinion of he court aves 7"Theknowiedge may be used for Iu Case Law (Preadent) = Judicial {st afer due consideration of engence ana construction of theory or practice of ar. Presigent a based onthe cacti of stare allarguments. Judgement means the Sgnficance of Research Secs, and monthly associated with Statement giving bythe judges onthe Inmodem time law has assumed much |unsditons. ‘ound of deree or order setualy significance. Itprovdes for and Compared to other sources of aw, |bagement are the final sdusiation, dominates siman al aces of human prosgent hae the Advantage of levity Dictionary meaning of judgement is being thas been accepted that aw ie fn adoptablity, and may enable judge ‘evalution oF opinion or estimate In legal perhapé the mest important instument of to appy Justice rather the the aw parlance judgements the sentences or Eocial change \Puble opinion = The dsies, wants and final order of a court of ev and criminal ‘Thus signleance of research may based thinking ofthe majorty ofthe people or on justice equity and good conscience, ‘the colecve opinion ofthe people of regulation, thus be summed up 2 follows Society or tate onan sae Or problem is ieorpart “thelps the Goverament in formulating Called public opinion | isthe action or suitable to pureve ts economic and socal Equity Equity means faimess and process making law or statute. Act of plies sense of justice ie algo a sources of aw patlament means whole enactment but 9 Bithepein solving various operational for deciding cases, the judge terpret and Section o part ofa section van act may and planning prebems elated to apply laws to the speciic cases. besleccaled enactment. business and industry and tax. ‘Vi Judicial decisions In comtemporary itNotitiestion:Natifetion e the legal 3.Ithelps the courts In soving the times, judicial decision has came tobe an research Methology denotes atormal of a problem without much, delay and in such Important sources ofa. ts the Tegal relevant fet Acton or enti Sway that the problem may not recur at responsibilty ofthe courts to interpret uh 3s notice ofan intention to withdraw fi or atleast in ner future tnd app laws to specie eases ftom a eaty or notice, Anotfication 4 thelps the legal practitioner in taking @ “il Delegated legislation = Because of reguired by law tobe published inthe decision as to how he show a tackle the Several pressing reasons lke paucty of oficial gazette of cone authority problem in hand time, lack of expertise and increased ‘Through notation intention ofthe demand foe law making the legisiature of notified author are tobe announced 2.Define Methodology ? Discuss the ‘state finde t essential to delegate some [Report of commission» Repart ot importance of research Methodolesy flaw - making powers tothe executive commissions the formal firings ofthe ‘n= Method ie the way of ding “The various types /kinds of aw particular authority constituted for a someting, Methodology is the seience of | National aw = The body of ules which Particular events, may be fom the govt. Study ofa particular subject Dickinson regulates the actions ofthe people in bt the court Report of he commission in Mo Graw and George Watson define Society and tis backed bythe coercive simple terminology denotes finding, the Methodology a te procedure by wich power ofthe state ‘pinion the actual report of the person or researchers go about thel work ot International Law : The body of ules persone under law authoiy in exerling flesenbing expaining and pediting tihich guides and dec the Behavior of {het duties and to submit the some phenomena Kaplan defines Methodology the sates in international lation. tis before the competent authority to came to Edit with WPS Officebetter conclusion. unr, Write a note on Socio legal Research? ‘Ans Socte Legal research is one ofthe ‘aspects to study human behavir, thelr interaction, attitudes pertaining to any law Under the research stucies, tis of prime importance athe socal if of the human binge whose actvibes are regulated and controled bylaw thas to be dynamie and must change ape the social needs and require meant “The socio legal esearch cannot be excepted tobe cae out more fisplnary which s bound toresut haphazard incolate from society and in ‘complete, andthe may tur auto be without any success. The significant aspect and characterises of aw is that has continu, consistency and cera, Ithas present which has came from the past andit shall have future too. The fevelopmentsin science of aw highly ontributeto the Soci legal research, t Isbound to give great boost study of ‘mankind proper i the hands of sol cents and the specialists Utity of Soci egal Research Socio legal research canbe useful in focmulaing ew thea, taives due othe decision making, Titgves alead and moulds public opinion. Feit useful in framing new awe ‘lt paves the way for broad based social reforms Write a note Doctinal Traditional egal research endite characteristics ‘ans A doctrinal esearch also known {5 Traditional or Non: empire legal ch. A cacrnal research means 3 arch that has been eartied out on 3 legal proposition or propositions by way sf enalyzing the exiting statutory provisions and eases by applying the Feasoning power ‘According fo SN. Jain, doctrinal research involves analysis of ease aw ‘ranging ordering and systematzing Tegal propositions and study of legal ingttrions through legal easoning or rational deduction, ‘Characteristics of doctrinal research The study 1s mainly Based on proposition IL The sources of data fora doctrinal researcher afe the reports of Appellate courts and conventional Le gal theory, Ii tis concerned with what the parteuler doctrine flaw says and nots what ‘made the author to say 20 af what has been the impacto that sy." Components ofthe process of doctrinal = The following components of ‘ovess though which a doctrine is formed ~ [he scheme of aticulated and preferred Values at which a doctrine was almec, it The attentive courees of action apparently availabe to implement goals Iie oboe of action fact made |e Creton ofthe doctrine. fi The preicton of consequence that in fact, was made concerns the denficaion of authoritative Sources and.use of the techniques ind them out (Chafecterises of empirical legal research [it testo find out the impact of non legal events upon the legal decision process lt seek to identity and appraise the degree of variables which influence the buteome and egal decision making. Tt fo find out te effect ofeach decision on people and Society 2s must Iv ttlays ferent and lesser emphasis on doctrine vei 2eeks answers to broader and more humerous questions vi itis not anchored exclusively to appellate reports and athe wactonal legal sources forts data, Criminal aw? ‘Ans When are studies the aw itis broken Gown nto several categories when someone speaks of Criminal lw, they Speaking ofthe area ofthe aw pertains to people who are accused of commiting a ere. ‘Crminal ays the body of lw that relates to came. regulates Sock Conduct and proseribes threatening harming er otherwise end angering the heath, Safety and moral welfare of people includes the punishment of people who oat these awe criminal lays fers from il law, whose emphasis if more on Alispute resolution and veton "eompencetion than on punsshiment Five objectives are widely accepted for enforcement ofthe cuminel lav by punishment. These re FRetrbution. ic Deterence Wi, Ineapstation InRahabittation and \eRestorestion| What is Chl Law? ‘an Chl aw sa body of ules which defines pavate rights andthe remedies, and dspute between inividual in such areas as propery contracts and family law itis very distinc rom criminal or public aw, which emphasizes mare upon punishment than on cepute resolution ‘il aw ste branches of aw dealing with disputes between individuals ‘or erganzations, in ahich compensation ‘may be awarded tothe viet. or instance, if car erash vet claims damages against the driver for loss or injury sustained in an accident this wile aol aw case In land and Wales. vl law means nog ema lw. The la relating to cal ‘wrongs and quesi- contract spat ofthe {el aw iv aw can tke criminal aw be ‘vied into substantive law and procedural aw, Distinction between il and erminal lw ‘nai Civ aw deal with depute between two indvicual partes But Criminal law deals with Geputes between fn individ and the state Tt ACrminal aw involves wrong against ‘the Society, But il lay volves wrong againtinividvals ii Criminal law desle with offences against state suchas theft robbery, rape fe, But el aw ig about matters between incividuas such ae breach of contact family law ete \vceminal aw one of wo broad tategories of aw, deals with acs of Intentional harm to rciduals, But cl law deals wih lsputes between private ‘Criminal more serous etl lee serious Edit with WPS Office una Wate brief note en Hypothesis Assumption. ‘ns Meaning of Hypothesis Hypo ‘means Tes then or unde” and these ‘means idea or general opinion tobe defended bya person and thus “hypothesis means ‘an iea formed beforeenand whic less value thn the ‘generally formed vew fe have to proceed towards some destination for ich we dont know the way, we ty to from an idea about the ‘rection proceed anc by tal and ear, ‘we each that goal. The primary idea Called a Hypothesis. ‘cording to Goode and Hat “fypothesis a proposition which can be pulto test otermine its vay. ‘ober Berslin and James A Dyer say, “wypothesis isan mot assertion of & cadual association between two Properties ‘According to Werkmeiste, The guesses hhemakes are the hypothest which ether Solve the problems or gue hem in urher Investigation” ‘Me Gegan has defined hypotheses, "2 testable statement ofa potential relationship between two (or more) Vevlabies in shorts, we can define hypothesis as tentative statement which exesees the nature of relationship between two ‘more variables usually in the form of ause affect relationship. Hypothesis provides drecton to. research It recta an investigators to Ident the procedures and methods tobe followed in solving the problem The Hypothesis forward looking it may be 9 statement of relationship or tmay specify the functions, ‘Characteristics of Hypothesis: Goode and Hatt suggest the flowing Characters of Hypothesis — ‘Speatfic: The hypothesis should not be to vague or general. Theres a general tendency to select hypothesis that ae toa vest IP Coneeptualyclar-The Hypothesis shouldbe propery expressed. The Setntion and terme used inthe hypothesis should be those which are commonly accepted Terms and not our ‘wn creations IRelatea to ody of theory ts desrable that hypothesis selected must be in Contiation with theory already evolved, Capable of empirical test» The hypothesis shouldbe such as can be put toemprical test. Visimple it shoulé have logical Hypothesis canbe cvided into two categories 8) experimental and 1) non- experimental Woe a brief note about Null Hypothesis? ‘Ans Null Hypothesis: The hypothesis may beclasied as hypothesis stating relationship and hypothesis which study the existence of no relationship between variable or null hypothesis. The null, hypothesis may be cude or refund When a nul hypothesis stated negatively. Kis lied all hypothesis. crude null hypotnesis sone which sat he fw level ofabsiraction anit doesnot ead 0 higher theoretical research. “The null hypothesis asserts that there is no diference between two population In respectof some propery and thattheAtfrence found between the samples frown from these population is only ‘accidental and testable hypothe HM. Garet remarks "The nul hypothesis Is akin to the legal principal that aman is unimportant Nul hypothesis Isa innocent uni s proved gut. constitutes a challenge an the function of aresearch. Isto give fcts a change to Fefute ths challenge Pity the Hypothesis ‘Should be simple othe point. Sources of Hypothesis Goods and Hutt have given the folowing eources of Hypothesis — [General cuture The genera pattern culture lps not ony to formulate Hypothesis but aloo fo gue fend IL Scientific Theory Theory given us the basi dea of what has been found tobe correct HiAnalogies-Sometimes a hypothesis is formed frm the analogy Iu Personal experience Hypothesis is formulated accorcng tothe way in which anindvgual reacts to culture, sence and fnalogy. ‘Advantages of Null hypothesis tits exec. [Lit easier to csprove the contrary of hypothesis than to prove it with complete cenalry I Nul hypothesis enables the researcher tliminate some of the atenative hypothesis Ite statistical techniques are better sccepted to testing @ Null hypathesls Disadvantages of Null hypothesis. Lin Null ypathesis, the researcher has to prove tat al the possible indentfied Bitemaives one by onehave probable Felatons. Titi suitable to certain ypes of problems ony. I trequtes great skllof the researcher Waite a bret note about research de ‘ans Meaning "A research designs research planning of the proposed Fesearch project to conduct the empirical st ofthe hypothesis orto test the ‘erty of. to which research plan of {design vill be eultabe othe calection land analysis of datain an econome, tfficient and selective manner epands Upon the study. The design i therefor, dependent upon the nature ofthe problem land knowledge of facts pertaining tthe problem. A esearch design i guiding force tourney nto night ection. Research to Pauline V. Young '® research design sa plan of seton a plan for eolecting and analyzing the data in an economic affieent and relevant manner “According to seltz and others, Research designs a eatalogue of the Various phases and facts feb too relating to the formulation ofa research effors" ‘Contents or important features of Research Design (Generally, a esearch design includes the following points [Title of the topic and determination ofits I Background knowledge anc Introduction of the probes, Ti-The observational design Iustastial design, ion Discuss collection of data anc Analysis of Data primary and sources of data collection ‘ans Collection of data: Collection of datas regarded asa fascinating phase of research. Though the collection and handling of ifermation the esearch can either collet the data himself or rely on bothers forthe collected data or Infermation avaiable with them In both ‘the cases theresa great need for data of high quali. The selection of data requtes great sil and experience In data collection Simul (question tests, pictures or other object) i presented to the respondent (Subject), The Stmull may be dassified as systematic Stull and Lnayetematic Simul by Systematic ‘Stimul we mean those that ae ke Constat while object are change. The lnsystematic Simul are those which ook Standard ization e.g. questions asked in informal ntersews ‘Analyte of data The fst step inthe analyst of datas tial examination ofthe assemble data, The researcher Should ask himself questions. Ths stirs Up is thinking process and might induce novel way of ooking at his problems find his materiale. The analysis made with view trang out some significance fora systematic theory and Some basi fora broader genersization For analyzing data acontent ype analysis proves helpful Primary and secondary of data collection The sources of data collection ae of two types [Primary or nteralo fel sources and I. Secondary or extemal sources. {Primary sources or felé sources or Internal sources of data is orginal Information colcted forthe firt time. is alo called ae internal sources of cata asi. the datas colected direct from the subjects They obtained from living persons directly relate tothe problem or through observation This Primary sources eanagain be sub divided into ‘Direct Primary an Indirect Primary Iu Seconry or extemal sources of data This information is obtained frm outside either from a published sources ar frm Someone eee Who hae already worked fn the subject They have a researcher the labour of collecting data again the preveting unecessary expenture. They Ean be brealy divided into two ypes ' Personal cocuments and Published documents ‘The secondary sources of law are those publications Which refers andvetate tothe Taw while net being themselves primary sources. The secondary materia of fw possess onlyapersuacive value, but ot futhoitatve valve, unr Write a note on use of Hay ‘Ans Legal research ineltably involves ‘he use ofthe books, pamphlet, Periodicals and documentary material in Moraes, General Source materials have to be consited forthe necessary background knowledge ofthe probe to be investigated ofthe problem ta be investigated Keowledge of previous findings in simiar cases also required by the legal researchers. Al those source materials are numerousiy avaloblein a Norn. Use of he trary is a must to any researcher He shoul havea genera idea ofthe ypes of books aay library usually tzontaine, He should Know where to look forthe materials for rezearch and aso Edit with WPS Office bout the guides and aids which would facilitate to locale the materia in The words of proof. Fredrick Hck, Skin the Use flaw books. isa successful legal tater, slong with abit to understand the Invesie wording ofa statue to follow the reasoning of 2 Judicial decision, or bul Upa theary ofa case by original thinking vat rete to skin sing aw iris, thats books in the ness, lw lira le hot merely collection of Books tis a Colleton of books itis 2 collection of legal iterature properly housed and organized for service ‘researcher who wishes touse alae Ibrry must know how to Wace the fequred materia ram the books kept in 8 brary Hence ,he should have through knowledge regarding the availability of books and reading material how to use the ibrry catalogue and aso the knowledge of casefieaton system used Inthe ibrary He must be acquainted wth the eatalogue which gives fim the Information ofthe avalable books with {We, autor and place of publestions and publisher along with all number ofthe Books: Write bet note on Observation ‘Ans As Goode and Hatt observe, ‘observation fs at ance the most casual Uincontolled experiences as wel as the ‘most exact fim recor of laboratory experimentation source beings mith ‘beervation and must uttmately return to ‘bservaton However the eve of ‘servation may vey what one notices may not be taken note of by te others (Ones preferences, alertness, the ange ‘and the depth ofthe knowledge may al contribute tothe patter of observation. ‘Observations s classical method of Scintficinqury: may benoted that not allphenomera arenoted that nt al phenomena are open fr observation and Sbserable tings may not find observer ‘According o Pauline V. young observation may be defined as systematic ‘wing, ‘coupled with consideration of sun phenomena ‘Observation may be defined as @ systematic vewing ofa specie. ‘Phenomena ints proper setting forthe Speci purpose of gathering data fora Particular purpose (itera for abservation L Observer should st definite obectives of etusy, observe larger seting within which a pectic seting is observed, IiUse observation as planed technique Observe within the general context of particular study, Weinterorated with other suitable techniques. Discuss about Questionnaire ‘Ans Questionnaires most popular tmathod of data collective and considered 23 aheart of social survey. Questonnalre Consists of set of predetermined definite ‘questions printed typed sent to number of persons for their response which can be {abulated and analysed satstialy ‘Questionnaires a printed lst of questions sent through malo Fespondents tobe retuned by the Fespondents after ling up the (questionnaire “According to GA. Lundberg Fundamental the questionnaires a set ‘of stimute to which iterate people aeexposed i oder to observe ther verbal behavior under these stimu (Characteristics ofa good questionnaire | The size ofthe questionnaire shall be at Tmanageeble lint, shor. simple an compact ILLeogica sequence has tobe followed i ft shoul proceed fem easy to relatively ifcut questions. Iv Leading questions shall be avoded, \iMultpie choice questions or yes ono “ichotomous question ‘i. Sufficient epace forgiving answer shall be given may be asked “Types of questionnaire generally questionnate are classied ime two Kinds I Sructured ori Unstuctured Write a bet note on interview. ‘ns ~Definatons Interview Isa Important oo of data gathering, tis not fer fom tuth to say tat everybody. formal or important, knowledge of| unknowingly, must have acted both Interviewer end nterenieven at lomestic soca fonts parents with children ‘eacher wih students ae 3 matter of routine involve themselves in interview It [snot more verbal conversation Pauline. Young defies iis an effective normal verbal or non verbal oe hon verbal conversation, inated for Specie purpose and focused on certain Planned are “Types a Interview: Sociologists clagsfied the interview into various tstegeres namely {Non iect interview This also known as Uncontrolled: unstructured and ungusca Interview No predetermined questions are Places [Directive interview ~As young points out, itis highly standardized technique and a fet of predetermined questions Ii Focueed interview: Focus interview ie a ‘Sem standarcized interview tis preceded withthe persons who are Involved ina particular concrete situation. the repeated interview » Repeated Interview are resorted to analyse the ‘hanging mades of the respondents over ‘a paricular social phenomena ike voting preferences. ‘The depth interview’ depth interview Is generally a lengthy Procedure designed to encourage free expression of afectvly charged information, Write about case study ‘ane For the ssentife soci egal research, statistical (survey)metod and face study method ate being Used in the tase of large scale collection of facts tase study method is more suitable fr the study of fewer persons and to find out the oot eause fora particular problem teaee study method fs the oldest method Frecerio Lepay introduced this method In social scientific investigation. ereber Spencer use this method in his ‘ompsrative studies of eiferent cures Wiliam Healy, psyehatist adopted this method ins work with juvenile elinquents. ‘The tem case study has been defied vivcly by eminent persons. The term ‘case’ means aunt of study ‘carding to PV. Young, "case studyis method of exploring and analyzing of ie of Socal Unt be that a person. family aninstituton, cultural group or ‘even ene coment.” Accordings to Kn states, "The case study Research s an empirical nqury that investigates contemporary Phenomenon with ts real fe content, when the Boundaries between phenomenon ana Contest aenot clearly evident andin which multiple sources of evidence are teed “According to stuart A Green the case ‘gy the examination of single stuaton ‘eroups of nettions 9g complex whole ‘deo identty types and process. ‘Some may tink thatthe cave study mettod isthe some a that ofthe study Of case law. The case study method is the lnaiysis of socal aw is relate tothe fana}ysis of @ court case Unrrs Discuss about interpretation of data Ans Interpretation of dat: The dicing line between analysis of deta and interpretaton i efieut to draw as the {wo processes are symbolical and merge imperceptby interpretation is Ineresbly inerwoven with analysis. tis {special aspect of anaysi rater than being distnct operation Interpretation helps one understand what the given research nding realy means ard what ae the underlying abstract principal of thigh the research findings stone Concrete manfestain or Speflection at the conerete level of empirical obeerations itis the responsibilty ofthe researcher ‘winterpret the elatons he has observed eateful thereby he gives correct findings. Wil interpreting, he haste avo the fellowing pont Feling fo consider al significant facts. Ignoring negatveexdence TMistaking correlation for causation Comparing nor-comparable data, \.Generalzing only rom few causes, and vi. Distortng interpretations to ft Prejudice and preconceived ideas ‘According to ker linger, "Interpretation takes the ecutof analyse makes inferences pertinent to the research relations studied, and draws concusions four hese relations, The researcher who Interprets research results research therm for their meaning and implication” “The accuracy and perfection of Interpretaton depends Upon: [The Sources through which data was collected and diicutes of data collection, bothin regard to man power and other TiThe manner and the sense in which tach temused nthe data has been Understood an inter predated ithe manner thas been ensured that datahas been made unvform and subjective sourced at data collection or fnalysis stages has been weeded out IuiThe extend to which data collected was Subjective and undependable andi. Accordingly interpretation to that extent Uneeable Vee tool of data interpretation used by term andthe extent to which they were a. tissues Discuss abou interpretation of statute. ‘ang Statutes are the Act of law made Gelberately by an authonty, which the 18 “The law is what the judge say its 8 legislation gives on eto parament meaning. The inductive method aso Edit with WPS Office known as historical, or expres or a posterior method. itmay be described a practial approach tothe research problems "Iti to remove the gut Between theory and practic. This method examines vangus causes one ater fnother and tiesto establish casual ‘elation between them, Rules of Interpretation The Golden Rule ‘There te afer ules forthe interpretation of states: {The Literal Rule of Interpretation ‘The Golden Rul of Interpretation ‘The Migehiel Rule of Interpretation *fThe Harmonious Rule of interpretation ‘The golden rule of interpretation is 8 modification of the eral rule of Interpretation. Where the Ira rule ays emphasis on te iteral meaning ofthe ‘words used in legal anguage, te golden ‘We Interprets the words in such a way thatthe absurdiles and anomalies of Iteral interpretation are avoided General principe ae aid down ater examining large numberof spect Instances or facts, ‘Mert of Inductive method - [More reaiete This method ie more realistic because it studies the changes in ondtionssurounding the soci vies of man nd tht effect the cal acthitiee of man and thei effect on Social aces are anajeed and played {I Posey of vereation- the method Is more Usetl because ts prepositons ‘canbe tested and verted easly li Proper attention to complexes: This ‘method takes fullnote ofthe complex Felationship found n actual te and examines them caret 'v- Dynamic approach: Ths method {aie into consideration the changeable nature of assumption ints analysis. Described the deductive method? ‘ang The method of studying a Phenomenon by taking some assumption land educting cancusions from these {assumptions known as the deductive method Deduction a process reasoning from the general to particular or fom the Univerae fo india from given premises fo necessary conclusion Deductions i also known as analysis abstract and e prion method. Desiytive method sa part the scientfie etned tls Bobiealy a rational approach in accordance with the tenests of dedtve gi Merit of deductive method [Powerul- Desuetive explanation I very powerful because it makes ude of vad ferm of deductive argument where the texplanadum must be tre f the expnans rete. I'Simple method:-From a few basic facts ‘of human nature, a numberof inference ‘an be Drawn by logical esscaing li Substitute fr experimentation: tis not possible forthe investigator to conduct contd experiments withthe legal phenomena in laboratory He can, therefore fullback upon deductve reasoning Iv-Aecurate and exact ~The deductive ‘method leads tothe generalizations which fare accurate and exact. ‘Unmert or limitations of Inductive ‘method Titi dificult method -This methos cannot be useed by a beginner or‘common men becauselt is impossible for {an ordnary person to collet facts, study them and derive some conclusions out of them Danger to bas =the propositions btaned through this method are based Upon data collected by vestigations. Therefore, there sa danger of the investigations bias entering into propositions. Limited scope of verification since the propositions cbtaned through this method are based on afew facte, the Universal apptcabiity ofthese propositions is alwaye in dub. In Limited use In socio - legal studies ‘his method is commoniy use for IMeless objects ofthe ofthe physical science. n socio ~ legal studies, we study ‘mans problems, Ae such the method has imited use Wiitea note on Report Writing? ‘Ans = This is most important part of research work. The fs incomplete unt the Feport of te labour putinis reduced into ‘writing with a view to communicate others. includes the purposes, she importance the limitations, the procedure the fining land the cones of the study The fbjectives of wring research report may be summed up 95 follows The investigator clears and ‘ystematizes his work icFuture researcher are guided by the report waten eater and Ist the findings are of practeal use it can beincorpratedinta statutory aw ‘General structure ofthe Report the ay ‘ut Of the report should be a follows {The preliminary matters. The main text and The end matter Report writing consit ofthe folowing step ‘The fom, the content and style of the report IPRelabiity ofthe repor in the contest of objectives. TiAnalysis ofthe report Iv interpretation of data \ Correct usage of citation, reference and blisoraphy. vi Chaptensation How to prepare the legal research report ‘Before staring the report wring, good deal of planning and organizing the Study materia rom the basis of Breparing the research report. legal fi, Feport wring can be compared with inal tring of judgement by judge step to facitate a good organization ofthe Research report ‘Organization ofthe legal research report involves thee essential steps ‘ere are ‘Ful acquaintance with research notes ‘and organizing t property. IT Adequate thought about the structure bf the report flcting thinking and Wi. Formation and control over note while organising research notes Edit with WPS Office