Compiler:

Translation Process: Compilers are tools that convert the entire source code of a program, written in a
high-level programming language (e.g., C, C++, Java), into machine code or an intermediate
representation in one step. This process is called compilation.
Execution: Compiled programs result in standalone executable files that can run independently of the
source code. They are optimized for the target machine architecture, which often leads to faster execution.
Portability: Compiled programs are typically less portable because they are specific to the target platform.
Running the same compiled program on a different platform may require recompilation for that platform.
Error Handling: Compilation usually checks for errors in the code and reports them all at once after the
compilation process is complete. This means that you may not discover errors until after writing the entire
code.

Interpreter:

Translation Process: Interpreters, in contrast, read and execute the source code of a program line by line
or statement by statement. They don't create separate executable files.
Execution: Interpreted programs are generally slower than compiled ones because they translate and
execute code on-the-fly without the benefit of pre-optimization. However, modern interpreters often
employ just-in-time (JIT) compilation to improve execution speed.
Portability: Interpreted programs are more portable because they can be executed on any platform for
which there is an interpreter available for the programming language. There's no need to recompile the
code for different platforms.
Error Handling: Interpreters typically report errors immediately when encountered, offering more
immediate feedback during the development process. This can aid in detecting and correcting errors as
you write the code.