Cairo University Fluid Mechanics Faculty of Engineering 2 Year Mech. Sheet #6 ngular Momentum Equation. ications 6.1 Crude oil (SG = 0.95) from a tanker dock flows through a pipe of 0.4m Sa we Zs) diameter in the configuration shown. The p= sabre las flow rate is 0.58 m3/s, and the gage peos i pressures are shown in the diagram. et Determine the force and torque that are Dy = 322 exerted by the pipe assembly on its supports 6.2 Twostraight pipes are connected by the a-zen, UP" ‘6 oem two 45 degress elbow shown in the figure. oa = Find the moment required about point 0 to ees: prevent rotation of the two pipes. Water is flowing in pipes. 6.3 Calculate the torque required to drive the water pump shown in the figure at 300 Hz (cycle/s} and to deliver water at 3.0 m3/min. (Hint:for water at 20° C, p= 998 kg/m3), 6.4 Find the torque required about point o 100% of the box in the figure to keep the box PS from rotating. The top and bottom are af ty each 1.0 m long, and the two sides are 0.8 m long. Use the clockwise moments as positive. 6.5 A lossless motor drives the fan in the figure at 4000 Hz. The power input to the Vy Yr motor is 16 amps at 110 volts. For the geometry shown, find the flow rate of 15°C air through the fan. Assume the =a tangential component of the velocity leaving the impeller is equal to that of the impeller at that point. O3m 1.2m6.6 The Figure shows a simplified sketch of a dishwasher water supply manifold. Samet Find the manifolds rotational speed «.? . i i i t Neglect air resistance and bearing friction x al 1B and take Q = 1.6x1075 mis, aaaa SS See 6:7 The three arm lawn sprinkler shown in figure receives water through the center at 1200 ml/sec. If collar friction is negligible; what is the steady rotation rate in revolution per minute for the two cases (a) 0=0° (6) =30°(c)0= 90° 6.8 An axial fan operates in a duct where density changes can be neglected, The fan is operating at a speed of 2100 rpm and generates a flow rate of 15 m/sec. The density of the air is 1.2 Kg/ m3. The diameter of the duct is 1.2 m and the stator blades are 280 mm long. a) The flow upstream has a zero tangential velocity component (no swirl) but the flow leaving the rotor has a tangential velocity component such that the swirl angle is 49. Calculate the power required to drive the rotor. Neglect mechanical friction, b) If the friction due to the bearing decreases the efficiency of the fan by 7% what is the mean flow velocity at the annulus and the power consumed is equivalent to that found in part (a) ; ©) If the flow downstream of the stator has zero swirl, what is the total torque that the fluid transfers to the stator ? Perform all the calculations at the mean blade radius. rotor statorCairo University Faculty of Engineering Sheet #7 Fluid Mechanics 2” Year Mech. Relative Equilibrium 7.1 The tank of water in the figure accelerates to the right with the fluid in rigid-body motion. Compute ax in meters per second squared. Does the solution change if the fluid is mercury? 7.2. For the tank shown in the figure which is a rectangular parallelepiped shape determine the gage pressure at A, B, C when: a) at rest; b) ay =9.8 m/s? & a, =0; ©)) a, =4.9 m/s? & a, =4.9 m/s2 7.3 The water tank shown in the figure moving in rigid-body motion up a 30° inclined plane with constant acceleration a. Compute a in meters per second squared. Is the acceleration up or down? Compute the gage pressure at point A. 7.4 In the figure, a circular cross- sectional tank of 2 m depth and 1.3 m in diameter is filled with liquid and accelerated uniformly in a horizontal direction. If 40 % of the liquid spills out, determine the acceleration. ~->>~.---4 13m7.5 A vessel containing liquid of S.G = 1.2 is rotated about its vertical axis. The Pressure at one point 0.1 radilly from the axis and with elevation 0.2 m higher than a point a part 0.3 from axis is the same pressure 7.6 For what uniform rotation rate in revolutions per minute about axis C will the U-tube in the figure take the configuration shown? The fluid is mercury of specific gravity 13.6. 7.7 Mercury of specific gravity 13.6 is the liquid in the rotating U-tube. Determine the speed of rotation, @, if = 7.5 cm. Then, if rotation is stopped, to what level z will the mercury level drop in the larger leg?Cairo University Fluid Mechanics Faculty of Engineering 2" Year Mech. Sheet #8 Bernoulli & Energy Equations Applications va device shown in the figure is used to determine the velocity of liquid at point 1 It is a tube with its lower end directed upstream and its other leg vertical and ‘open to the atmosphere. The impact of liquid against the opening 2 forces liquid to rise in the vertical leg to the height Z above the free surface. Determine the velocity at 1 in mvs, when Z is 2 om Oe vA bell mouse of 0.4 m diameter is used to meter the flow rate into a compressor as shown, What will the manometer indicate in mm of water if the flow rate is 5.5 m/s? yh losses up to section A are 4 28 and the nozzle losses are 0.05 V2 28 Determine the discharge and pressure at section A. In the system shown; d= 15 em,D=30 cm, Z\= 2m, Z>= 4m. Tf the discharge of the water in the system is 0.06 m’/s, what are the pressure at the points A and B? is the machine a pump or a turbine? Neglect head losses.w YA U tube act as a water siphon, The bend fale. in the tube is | m above the water surface, dy the tube outlet is 7 m below the water thang surface, If the flow is frictionless as a first approximation, and the fluid issues from the bottom of the siphon as a free jet at atmospheric pressure, determine the velocity of the free jet and the absolute pressure of the fluid in the flow at the bend. ®: ne flows from a very large reservoir, as shown in the figure. Neglecting friction in the pipes and assuming the density is constant, determine the output of the turbine for the data given in the figure. > (tne airfoil ofthe figure moves through the 7 ~ air at 75 m/s at an altitude of 2 km. The fluid at point 3- moves downstream at 25 m/s relative to the ground, What are the values of the static pressure at points 1, 2, and 3? At altitude of 2 km, P= 596. 309 mmHg ds ‘Water at 100C enters the horizontal Venturi tube in the figure with uniform and steady velocity of 2,0 mis and inlet pressure of 150 kPa. Find the pressure at the throat 2 and the exit 3; D= 6.0 em, d= 3.0 cm,in the figure the flowing fluid is co, at 200C. Neglect losses. If P= 170 kPa and the manometer fluid is meriam red oil (SG = 0.827), estimate (a) pz and (b) the gas flow rate in m’ /h. b-when the pump in the figure draws 220 m’/h of water at 20°C from the reservoir, the total friction head loss is 5 m. the flow discharges through a nozzle to the atmosphere. Estimate the pump power in KW delivered to the water. 4QD-A sharp edged orifice of 12.5 mm diameter is situated in the base of the closed tank shown in the figure, Ata given instant, the head of water above the orifice is L8-m_ Ifthe discharge of water is to be 90 kg/min at this instant, find the pressure ‘of air which must be pumped in above the water. Take the discharge coefficient Cp = 06Cairo University Fluid Mechanics Faculty of Engineering 2” Year Mech. Sheet #9 Dimensional Analysis Applications & Similarity 9-1a) The drag force F of a "noisemaker” depends on the towing speed V, noisemaker area, fluid density p, and fluid viscosity y. Derive the dimensiontess groups that govern the noisemaker motion. b) The "noisemaker" Bin the figure is towed behind thie minesweeper A to set off enemy acoustic mines such as at C. The drag force of the “noisemaker* is to be studied in a water tunnel at a 1/4- scale ratio (model is 1/4 the size of the full scale). Then if the full-scale towing speed is 3 m/s, what should be the water velocity in the water tunnel for the two tests to be exactly similar? What will be the prototype drag force if the model drag force is found to be 868 N? Assume sea water at the same temperature is used in both the full-scale and the model tests. DZ The thrust force due to any one of a family of geometrically similar airplane propellers is to be determined experimentally from a wind- tunnel test on a model By means of dimensional analysis find suitable parameters for plotting test results. The thrust, Ft is known to depend upon speed of rotation « speed of advance V, diameter D, air viscosity 1, air density p, and speed of sound a. 9-3 The power P required to drive a fan or blower (of a certain geometrical shape) depends on fluid density, fluid viscosity, the impeller diameter, the fluid discharge, and the rotational speed, Develop an expression for the required power. 9-4 a) The pressure drop AP in a valve depends on the fluid velocity V, the fluid density p, the fluid dynamic viscosity . and valve diameter D. Find an expression for the pressure drop by the use of dimensional analysis. Use p, V, D as repeated variables, b) The valve coefficients K= AP/ (5V2/2) for a 600-mm-diameter valve are to be determined from tests on a geometrically similar 300-mm-diameter valve using atmospheric air at 80°F (v= 1.672 x 10°5 m2/s). The ranges of tests should be for flow of water at 70°F (v = 3.23 10°5 m/s) at velocities of I to 2.5 m/s. What ranges of airflow rates are needed?9-5 The radiator fan in an automobile is a source of considerable noise. The sound power P_ (energy per unit time) radiated by a fan depends on its diameter, angular velocity «, the fluid density p, and sonic speed c. Determine the dependence of P on @ using dimensional analysis. Choose p, ¢, and D as repeating variables. Ye A centrifugal pump has an impeller of 20 cm. Outer diameter gives at maximum efficiency point a discharge of 3 ni/min of fresh water at 1800 rpm against a head of 4.2 m. What should be the speed of rotation of a similar impeller of 40 cm diameter to give 45 m/f sea water, and what pressure it would generate? What would be the ratio of power required by the pump? (Assume that the two pumps have the same efficiency and density of seawater =1025 Kg/m’). y%, ‘A large centrifugal pump is designed to deliver a capacity of 7 m’/s., ahead of 130 mand a speed of 350 rpm. A model of this pump is to be tested in a hydraulic engineering to demonstrate that it can meet the performance specifications. The laboratory facilities impose a maximum capacity of 0.15 m’/s and a" power consumption of 220KW. (Using water at 1000 Kg/m) If the model and the prototype efficiencies are estimated to be 70 % at the operating point, find the speed of the model, and the scale ratio. Best wishesCairo University Fluid Mechanics Faculty of Engineering 2" Year Mech. Sheet #10 Losses in Pipes Calculations 10.1- What is the pressure drop per kilometer of a horizontal pipe when water at 15°C (v =1.14 *10* m/s) flows in a 25 om diameter cast iron at a flow rate of 225 liters/s? 10.2- Calculate the steady rate at which oil (v = 10° m/s) will flow through 2 cast iron pipe 100 mm diameter and 120 m long under a head difference of $m. 10.3- Determine the size of galvanized steel pipe needed to cary water (v=1.14 *10% m/s) a distance of 180 m at 85 liters/s with a head loss of 9 m. 10.4- How large a wrought iron pipe is required to convey oil (S.G 0.9, viscosity = 0.035 Pas) from one tank to another at a rate Of 0.03 m7/s if the pipe is 1000 m Jong and the difference in elevation of the free liquid surface is 12 m? 1000 m_ 10.5-Oil with kinematic viscosity (v =10° m7/s) and a density of 800 Kg/ m? is pumped through a cast iron horizontal pipe 10 om in diameter at a rate of 23 liters/s, (a) What is the pressure drop in 100 m of the pipe? (b) What size (diameter) of the pipe would reduce the pressure drop to one-third this value for the same flow rate and pipe length? 10.6-Two reservoirs containing water are connected by a constant area, galvanized iron pipe that has one right angle bend, as shown in Fig (9.3), The surface pressure at the upper reservoir is atmospheric, whereas the gage pressure at the lower reservoir surface is 70 KPa. The pipe diameter is 75 mm. Assume that only significant losses occur in the pipe and bend, Determine the magnitude and direction of the volume flow rate. Pz70KPa _, 7m10.7- A smooth pipe consists of 15 m of 200 mm pipe followed by 100 m of 600 mm pipe with an abrupt change of cross section at the junction. It has a flush entrance and a submerged discharge. fit carries water at 15 C in the smaller pipe with a velocity of 5.4 m/s, what is the total head loss? 9.9-The pipes in the system shown in Fig (9.9) are all cast iron. a) With a flow of 0.6 m°/s, find the head loss from-A to D 'b) What should be the diameter of a single pipe from B to C such that it replaces pipes 2, 3 and 4 without altering the capacity for the same head loss from A to D? 9.10-Suppose that, in the figure, pipe 1 is 90 cm smooth concrete, 1500 m long; pipe 2 is 60 cm cast iron, 450 m long; and pipe 3 is 45 cm cast iron, 1200 m long. The elevations of water surfaces in reservoirs A and B are 60 and 45 m, respectively, and the discharge Q) is 1.4 m/s, Find the elevation of the surface of reservoir C. Neglect minor losses.9.11- Heavy machine oil baving a specific gravity of 0.85, and an absolute viscosity of 400 x 10° Ns/m? is pumped through 20 m long of 0.052 m inside diameter PVC pipe. The pipeline contains one swing check valve, two gate valves, four 45° standard elbows, and a nozzle with a throat diameter of 0.026 m. A manometer connecting the inlet and throat of the nozzle reads 2.0 m of mercury. All fittings and valves have cemented connections. Find the pressure loss between points 2 and 3. Hint: 1- Assume frictionless flow in the nozzle 2- Assume that cemented connections are equivalent to screwed connections. Best wishes€ ‘Material (ne fe mm Riveted stel 0.003-0.03 09-90 Concrete 0.001 -0.01 03-30 Wood stave ‘.0006-0.003 018-09 Cast iron 0.00085, 0.26 Galvanized icon ois Asphalted cast iron on Commercial stvel or wrought iron 0.046 Drawn tubing 6.0015 Giass “Smooth “‘aiioaal Desripion Skeich ‘Due K source Le We x 1 Pecemees tt haere 0 030 | ae os on Ape KVR 1 we 20.2 0.03 Ke Ke | Conuetion po. omar enter | if zy, a0 0080 { poe om oe ae | 2 lw on j oOo om 908 ab Ae Ke Fie ora O08 to 1 eee a | Expansion - Did, on enim fb eo 100 stp os oom | oe ona | 0h Oman 003 0.16 | ox | i | a eee tas os < 7 eee ee =a So oeeee ere ieee ee 2 paced Return bend 22 Sais Tee | straight-through Gow oe | — a2hDg wl Darcy-Weisbach friction factor F Ss ae Fluid at 20°C Water ag Ar (101,825 kPa) Lattude (wase4) wL- |) 0.0" Sea tewe 455° Stanaara | an.o" Sea evel ora 2 4 Moody Diagram 05 0.086 o.oo1s v ints) “To0se_c0e 4512-008 gyms") e.7e0s 2.80665 prot) rere Smoath pipes, ¢ = 0 Ar = 2logirvi) - 08 Wh =-2ogiea.7 » 251408) Comtnuty equation, 0 = av A=n074, V 4050") core a 4 5 Orage Reynolds number = e (Vin ms, Din m, ¥ ins) a # Be Tagg 24 3878 gt Mtager & Willard, Ine. Iugpsrawac metagermar.com (ein mm, D in mm) 7) ive roughnecs © Relati