AMERICAN REGIME

Grade & Section: Grade 11-Einstein

Submitted by:
Josiah Glenn P. Giron
Ronhel M. Placa
Adrian Hero B. Mendiola
Crystal Jean A. Barte

Submitted to: Jenelyn G. Galenzoga

Philippine Literature during the American Regime (1898-1941)
The Filipino Revolutionists won against the spaniards who colonized us for more than
300 years. Our flag was hoisted on june 12, 1898 as a symbol of our independence.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo- first elected president of the philippine republic but this was short
lived.
The Filipino - American war resulted in the defeat of Gen. Miguel Malvar in 1903.
1900 -peace movements started. Many filipino started writing again and the nationalism
of the people remain undaunted.
Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays,
essays and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings
for independence.
The active arousal in the field of literature started to be felt in the following newspaper:
EI NUEVO PIA (The New Day) Established by Sergio Osmania in 1900.
EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the Nation) Established by Pascual Poblete in
1900.
EL RENACIEMENTO (The Rebirth) Founded by Rafael Palma in 1900.

Plays that were written!

-KAHARDAI, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday, today and tomorrow) written by Aurelio
tolentino
-TANEK ALANG GINTO OF Juan Abad

Opening of schools
- The US colonial government emphasized education to prior note their cultural values,
notably the English language, among Filipinos. By 1901, public education was
established in the Philippines, with English as the medium of instruction.

• Philippine Normal University in 1901 and other normal schools, such as

-Siliman University in that Dumaguete City founded by the first american private school.
Central Philippine University is the second private american school and first baptist
university in asia

Characteristics of Literature during this Period.

A. Literature in Spanish
Cecilio Apostol – wrote “A RIZAL” and is considered the best poem in praise of the hero
of bagumbayan.

Fernando Ma. Guerero – he collected the best of his poem in a book called Crisalidas,
and one of the poems written in this book was “INVOCACION A RIZAL”
B. Filipino Literature
Lope K. Santos – “Father of the National language Grammar”, he was also called “apo”
of the tagalog writers. “BANAAG AT SIKAT” his master piece.
Jose Corazon de Jesus – “huseng battue”, also called “the poet of love” in his time.
“ANG ISANG PUNONG KAHOY”, an elegy, is believed to be his masterpiece.
Armando V. Hernandez – was dubbed “Poet of the Laborers”, his masterpiece is “ANG
PANDAY”
Philippine Literature in English during American Occupation

The Period of Re-Orientation (1898-1910)

The arrival of English as a literary tool coincided with the American occupation on
August 13, 1898.

1900 - English began to be employed for teaching in public schools, with the initial
English teachers being sourced from the American forces.

1908 - English started being utilized in the primary and intermediate levels. This period
also marked the establishment of UP, a pioneer in incorporating English into higher
education.

The Period of Imitation (1910-1924)

By 1919, the UP College Folio published literary pieces by the first Filipino writers in
English, who were trailblazers in short story composition.
During this period, they struggled to imitate American and British models, resulting in a
rigid and unnatural style that lacked vibrancy and spontaneity.
Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-1941)
By then, Filipino writers had mastered English writing, confidently exploring diverse
topics while keeping themes like love and youth alive. They also embraced forms like
novels and drama.
Types of Literature in the Philippines during American Occupation
Poetry - they wrote in free verse, in odes and sonnets and in other types. Poetry was
original, spontaneous, competently written and later, incorporated social consciousness.

Short Story (1925-1941) Poetry and short story flourished during these times.
Drama (1925-1941) Drama during this period did not reach the heights attained by the
novel or the short story.
Copy of Quiz

Identification
1. The first elected president of the Philippine Republic.
2. The first private American school found in the country.
3. Father of the National language Grammar”, he was also called “apo”

Essay: (2pts)
Which period were you most interested in? During the Philippine literature in
English during the American occupation.

Answer Key
1. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
2. Silliman University
3. Lope K. Santos

References
Garcia, R. V. (2008). Philippine literature during the American regime. In S. C.
Abad (Ed.), a history of Philippines literature. University of the Philippines press.
Philippine Literature. (n.d.). The American Regime. Retrieved September 3, 2023
from https://cs2group1lit1.wordpress.com/the-american-regime
 The American regime from 1898 to 1946, made a well-known and
valuable contribution to the development of Philippine literary history. From
this period, American Educators as well as administrators introduced
English as the way of instruction, significantly making prior changes to the
country’s literary landscape. This linguistic turn made Filipino writers like
Jose Garcia Villa and Carlos Bulosan to engage with a global audience,
with the understanding American literary styles and themes into their work
and by adapting as well as infusing it with their unique Filipino
perspectives. The American period also improved literary magazines like
the “The Philippines Review” and “The Manila Tribune”, Supported a
platform for local writers to showcase their talents. In regards to the
American Regime played a pivotal role in the Philippines’ literary history by
fostering a literary renaissance that united the American and Filipino
influences, resulting in a rich diverse literary tradition (Garcia, 2008).
One Of the Major contributions during the American period is the
production of the Philippine literature in English which was divided into
three different time frames; The Period of Re-orientation, Period of
Imitation, and the Period of Self-Discovery. During these times Filipinos
were engaging into English Literature. English was being taught to schools
and Many Filipinos engaged in English Literature and some became
experts in the composition of short stories. Filipinos also tried to imitate
American or British Models but have failed which resulted in unnatural and
bland products. But at the Period of Self-Discovery they adapted and
started to create wonderful and masterpieces that is still being read.