Name : Masniar Gultom

Subject : English for Economy

Lecturer : Edward, M.Hum
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Mixed Systems

No state today is completely communistic; no state is completely capitalistic. The various national economic systems tend
towards communism or capitalism, and many are difficult to classify exactly. It has been found necessary in many countries to
control or regulate national economic conditions. Even the most dedicated free enterprise systems, such as the USA, have felt this
need.
The under-developed countries of the world are usually interested in control and long-term planning. Such countries as India
have had a number of plans guided by the government. India makes a distinction between the public sector of the economy on the
one hand and the private sector on the other hand. Such systems, with public and private sectors, are neither communistic nor
capitalistic, but are sometimes called mixed systems of economies,
Britain today has a mixed economy. In the public sector of British economic life are the nationalized industries like coal and
steel, British Rail and BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation). In the private sector are the majority of the nation ’s
industries, both large and small. The private sector includes giant companies like ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) and BP
(British Petroleum) and a great number of small family businesses. In 1962 the British government set up an official body to plan
national economic policies. This body is called the National Economic Development Council (NEDC). The members of this
council are representatives of the employers, employees, and other interested people.
I. Answer these questions. You may answer either YES or NO.
a. Are there any completely communistic states? (N0)
b. Are there any completely capitalistic states? (NO)
c. Are the various economic systems difficult to classify? (YES)
d. Has the USA felt the same need? (YES)
e. Does the Indian economy have two distinct sectors? (YES)
f. Are the under-developed countries interested in control and planning? (YES)
g. Is the Indian economy based entirely on private enterprise? (NO)
h. . Is the Indian system a mixed economy? (YES)
II. Answer these questions, basing your answers on the text.
a. Why is it difficult to classify many national economic systems?
Answer : Diverse national economic systems are difficult to classify because countries have different combinations of
communist and capitalist elements in their economic systems. No country is completely communist or capitalist, and
countries have different levels of government involvement in their economies. This makes it difficult to put countries
into neat categories.
 b. What are the under-developed countries interested in?
Answer : Underdeveloped countries are interested in long-term control and planning. They want to ensure that
their economies develop in a way that is sustainable and benefits everyone. Governments in these countries often play a
more active role in the economy than in developed countries.
c. What is the Indian system sometimes called?
Answer : The Indian system is sometimes referred to as a mixed economic system. This system
has a combination of communist and capitalist elements. The Indian government has control over some sectors
of the economy, such as steel and coal, but other sectors are left to private companies.
d. In which sector are the majority of British industries?
Answer : The majority of UK industry is in the private sector. This means that they are owned and operated by
private companies. However, there were also several nationalized industries in the UK, such as steel and coal.
e. What did the British government set up in 1962?
Answer : The British government established the National Economic Development Council (NEDC) in 1962. NEDC
is the official body tasked with planning national economic policy. The NEDC consists of representatives from
employers, employees, and other interested persons.
III. Rewrite these sentences into passives, number one has been done for you.
1. Workers in china make these telephones.
These telephones are made in china.
2. Employers pay many manual workers weekly.
Many manual workers are paid weekly by employers.
3. Workers build a lot of the world’s supertankers in south Korea.
A lot of the world’s supertankers are built in south korea by workers
4. Many countries store most nuclear waste underground.
Most nuclear waste is stored underground by many countries
5. Scientists test most new drugs extensively before they go on sale.
Before they go on sale, most new drugs are tested extensively by scientists before they go on sale

IV. Multiple Choice

A. Choose the best way to complete the sentences (Present).
1. My brother a teacher. A is B are
2. Sandra doesn’t to the radio. A listen B listens
3. you play tennis? A Do B Does
4. John is football at the moment. A playing B play
5. you living in Cambridge this year? A Do B Are

B. Choose the best way to complete the sentences.

6. I’ve been a student one year. A since B for
7. Have you cleaned the car ? A already B yet
8. She has doing his homework for hours. A been B being
9. When I got to the class, it already started. A had B has
10. I hate pizza now but I to like it. A used B use
 C. Choose the best way to complete the sentences.
11. I’m lunch with Taka tomorrow. A having to B having
12. I’ll come and see you I’m in town. A when B until
13. Sara is going to stay with us Saturday. A after B until
14. When Fadi , we’ll start the film. A is arriving B arrives
15. If I work hard, I pass my exams. A will B am going to

D. Choose the best way to complete the sentences (Sentence question).

16. did you leave your job? A What B Why
17. How do you eat in a restaurant? A long B often
18. is the weather like in Brazil? A What B How
19. MP3 player is that? A Who’s B Whose
20. Ivan doesn’t like milk, he? A doesn’t B does

E. Choose the best way to complete the sentences (Prepositions)

21. He lives in a house a blue door. A has B with
22 I always come to work bus. A by B on
23. That coat belongs my sister. A to B at
24. What time did you arrive the conference? A at B to
25. Are you afraid spiders? A for B of