nat the dference between having a desktop computer that a stand-alone deve tra one that iene? i Ge an example ofeach of tes Pe rame computer aver tana. neon of HOP cs hy bare woul reque a maname cone “nan computes sr gayten ining cette anew bet dv force Einwy aaa be conan a Gutter han assem. Boa vena ap mathe hasstoredi coursework project onhicomputers ROM EP —2 ean eat we . vee eaphing forte postin of gta icra coo wh ea emeY ee ayn ater rer othe a0 Te iil fhe ho cai in the dinin« and for pupil attendance. re rein severing ntersin th ig talland for Pu _ entity and explain ane idea for each of these two areas —_$——— Input devices ‘The data processing cyl mm Input devices are used to get date into a computer system, where its procested and output is produced. Data ial around us and needs to be Collected somehow, meaning there are many input devices. Data can be either digital or analogue. Computers process digital data, data that only comprises Os and Is (binary data). Some data i already tigtal, suchas that entered via a keyboard or number pad. There are ‘many other applications where the data to be captured isnot digital Data Collected by sensors such as temperature or humidity, which might be used to.contral a greenhouse, oF monitoring environmentalcimate indicators ‘or oxygen levels, for controling the environment ina fish aquarium, fare physical, continuously varying data, This is analogue data and needs ‘converting to digital before it can be processed, An analogue to digital “converter (ADC) Is used for this task and these are often bullt into the Input devices themselves. ‘There iso convenient way to categorise input devices. Consider what i tobe collected and whether the data is: + collected manually by users entering data or selecting from options keyboard, mouse, tracker ball, touch screens; + captured automatically (ond moybe continuously without any human intervention: temperature, pressure, ight and moisturefhumiity, sensors |» an imagetound: scanner, digital camera video camera, microphones fare used in voice activation systems as well as for capturing sound for ‘ecording purposes; webcams might prove mages to be stored as wall az act ar 2 means to video conferencing; +a response to a control action: joysticks can control physical objects such a5 remote robotic equipment as wel as images onscreen; steering wheels can be used in virtual simulators. This isa continuously expanding lst because new ways of geting data Into a computer for processing are being developed all the time. With the ‘exception of various sensors, the majority of the above devices rely on Physical interaction withthe user. ‘There are other input devices that read data in some way and transmit it rectly ta the computer system that is going to process the data, These ‘are known as direct entry devices. ‘These would include ee + magnetic stripe readers to rea the data on the magnetic stripe on the back of credit cards + chip readers, which read data stored in the chip on a bank card: AC tnputand output devices @«+ pIN pads to collect data at Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale {EFTPOS) systems, for example ina supermarket: «+ RadiosFrequency Identification (RFID) readers, which wirelessly read tata stored in chips on tags attached to goods instock control systems; 1+ barcode readers; 1 Magnetic nk character Readers (MICR), which take pre-printed Information from bank cheques: «Optical Mark Readers (OM) to read marks on student multiple choice response forms: + Optical Character Readers (OCR) to read printed or even handwritten text + batomated number plate recognition systems use high-definition iitared digital comeras to capture an image ora partial image of the number plate and then OCR software to convert the grabbed image oa searchable text string tht canbe used to search a vehicle registration database. When collecting data with any of these input devices, it isimportant to vemember that the processing ofthat data might not be immediate, Some ‘stems require thatthe datas stored first and then a ‘bat or certain Canty of datas processed together - such 28 when banks procest cheques. ‘Monitoring and tracking systems Companies can monitor or log the activities oftheir employees by 2 array of methods. The reasons for carrying out this activity could be to prove productivity, protect corporate resources o to prevent Unacceptable behaviour. The methods used could include key logging, internet monitoring or GPS tracking Member of the public can be monitored through the use of survellanes Inmeres People who are under surveillance, asa form of punishment, thay have to wear an electranic tagging device which uses GPS systems to ‘dentify the location of the person. Call monitoring isthe listening and recording of telephone conversations ‘This often caried out at call centres. You wil often hear a pre-recorded ressage informing you that your telephone conversation may be eeorded for taining purposes. The company will use the recordings 0 help the company improve its customer service, but these recordings could be used as exidence that certain information had been passed between the company and an individual. ‘When you visit a website that uses cookies forthe first time a cookie is ownloaded onto your computer. A cookle, or tracking cooke, isa smal Sncryted tet file whichis used by the website to tailor or personalise sour ist to the site. When you vst the site again you may find that some averting seers to be targeted to you personally, based on your activity ‘nthe website, The website can identify you area returning visitor because you have thelr cookie on your computer. Keylagging uses software to record every Keystroke made by 2 computer Te o8d white 2 company may use auch software for monitoring purposes You need tobe aware ofthe fact that this type of software could be ‘oyware that has been downloaded to your computer. The Key logger ‘econ nant messages, mala and any information you type at your Keyboard nd then wath cata the onto ofthe sore Automatic number plat recognition (ANPR a S alos vie to Inne pnt naar vere Th ayo aby Spo feo ty se ornare vit ove ed ‘Seay out ana A edo Felp mentor ee on ray any speed camera. You may even hove seen AMPR bing sed at carparks with your car registration ae OUT car registration number appearing on your car Quick test Input devices can be used to proces information ‘Analogue data i a form of binary information, Data such as mass (weights analogue data [A mouse collects data automatically Data on a train ticket canbe read by an OCR device A bar code isan input device, Cnonentcora scien aAOutput devices Exam-style practice questions ‘The data processing ce coat © Piece 2 cin the cnet column to ently ach tema input or output fet es Oxygen level sensor TV remote control output devices are used to get data out of a computer stem to provide Heater oan er trctons forthe wer or another device There ae many pease input devices but the number of output devices is fewer. This is because - Toe ge ntad number of senses and therefore the number of ays Thermal printer weit anton canbe presented tous asa resut of processing i ied . teiterasnentsmermr sone an © vrei pup nang dtl cme o~ mets right be the target or data output logue to digital convertor? aa econo! ake a0 ouput © ste wo iterences between alter printer anda dot mate printer os errors gal deta date tat onl comprises Gs and 1 (nary @ (ree rowan ous ae aera ov ements] (Jato this data can be used by devices such as computer monitors and Used to input student answers to a multiple choice test? catvtaome output Gees sich as a motor or aval work with © sine input and ouput devices hat reused atthe ch freed tet n these cases the data output bythe procesor ist fal © wry would set of Sree en enee {3 marks] ae averting to an analogue signal by a digital to analogue converter Md set of peles connected ta computes nada ditto analogue (OAC) An actuator is a device which takes 2 signal | from the computer and amor "ot srastcto operate a device such 352 motor oF 2 vale @ ic recogniton and fngerpit recognition (0 mark Themare fencer ane ae on that each one might be used for. Pe aes ereensmonitors: Cathode Ray Tube (RT, Thin Flim Transistor (TF), < roe {Gpetineg oe Ue sue eee © Asxem bdeing rests fora greenhouse. ell monitor the ' «Printers laser, inkjet, dot matrix, 3D, wide format tonto wth vines bing ened ifthe sl ncaa to dy ety Devices coud be grouped by use: ° Inputand ouput devices thetwilbe needed nee + Presentations: projectors, speakers Tay ae aeons (2 marl eels, buzzes, heaters, hghsomps © seam aving voce recognition systems in cars usta \When deciding whieh output device might be appropriate the needs re has been considering using Radio Frequency Mentification tags for his she Sune audience should be considered. For example high-quality, low \What could the tags be used for inthis situation? List one advanta ee oC rit might cal fr an ijt printer, whereas quick pring dsadvantage, ge and one SFhigher volume pages wil require a laser printer. Pen Quick test ‘Ae the following statements true or false? [Output devices control processes ‘Analogue datas produced by the processor /A30 printer produces physical output ‘an actyator sa typeof digital to analogue convertor - preter a suitable output device fr burglar alarm den Cweamiceoneicn Aa