INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CA2 for Even Semester-2023

TOPIC NAME:- DECISION MARKETING PROBLEMS

NAME : RITTIK SHEE

ROLL NO: 32109322005
SUBJECT NAME: OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
SUBJECT CODE: MHA-(N)-304
SEMESTER: 3RD
DEPARTMENT: MANAGEMENT(MHA)
 ABSTRACT

The project report entitled- “DECISION MARKETING PROBLEMS” is

completed and submitted in the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of degree in MASTER OF
HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION.

Under the guidance of our teacher SUBHENDU MAITY

INTRODUCTION
Problem-solving and decision-making are two similar, yet distinct, skills that employers from
varying industries search for in candidates. Knowing how to approach and resolve situations in
the workplace are skills that can add to your value as an employee and potentially increase your
chances of securing a job. If you're interested in learning how to strengthen your problem-
solving and decision-making skills at work, understanding how they differ and how to develop
them can help you work more effectively and independently.

“Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a courageous decision.”
― Peter F. Drucker

Effective decision making is an art which obviously cannot be earned overnight, hence, needs to
be nurtured in time. However, even an effective leader cannot remain oblivious to certain hurdles
which chronicle his decision-making capacity. An effective decision has positive effects on all
the departments, and equal damage is caused by an ineffective decision. Hence, he has to remain
vigilant about the repercussions caused by his decisions.

Sometimes, taking a decision can equal to cracking a hard nut. As a professional as well as an
individual, we face many situations in our professional as well as personal lives, wherein it is
quite tough to take a decision. A careful study of various hurdles faced will lead you to take
effective and better decisions in future.
IMPORTANTS
Problem-solving and decision-making skills are both important because they can help you
navigate a variety of situations that might come up at work. They complement one another and
can resolve many of the same issues. Both problem-solving and decision-making involve critical
thinking. Problem-solving and decision-making apply to all careers and industries. Because both
can help companies by resolving complex situations and problems, employers typically value
these skills in job candidates. They show you can think through various scenarios and make
sound decisions that are good for the company.

For example, a business may have multiple problems that all demand time and resources. A good
manager or leader can decide which problems to prioritize. That includes making numerous
decisions as part of the problem-solving process and then following through with the steps to fix
the problem.

USE PROBLEM-SOLVING AND DECISION-MAKING SKILLS

To improve your efficiency at work, you can follow a streamlined and organized approach to
solve problems and make decisions. Here are five steps that you can follow to make the most of
your problem-solving and decision-making skills:

1. Define the issue

The first step is to define the problem or issue. Once you've pinpointed the issue, analyze it and
think about what might have caused it. Try to identify any smaller issues within the main
problem. It's important to understand the issue before you start thinking about potential solutions
and decisions. Having a clearly defined problem can make it easier to make decisions later on in
the process. Define or state your issue in as specific terms as possible so it's easy to understand.
To determine the needs of the issue, you might ask yourself:
What factors are contributing to this issue?
Who are the people involved with the issue?
When is this issue occurring?
Where is this issue taking place?
These questions can clarify information related to the issue to help you and others understand the
issue as much as possible before moving forward with creating a solution.

2. Brainstorm different approaches

After you've defined and analyzed the issue, you can begin brainstorming different approaches to
resolving it. In an effort to see all sides of the problem, try to get feedback from mentors and
people involved with the issue. You can also think about how you've solved past problems
similar to the current issue. Be sure to consider both short- and long-term approaches to the
issue. Additionally, think about how potential approaches align with your company's mission and
goals.
You can brainstorm independently or collaboratively, and you can use tools like a whiteboard or
online software to illustrate your brainstorming. Common brainstorming techniques include:

3. Evaluate different approaches

After you've brainstormed approaches, it's time to evaluate them. Think through all the pros and
cons for each option, and consider how each one would affect your organization. Think about the
different resources that each decision would require. Taking all these factors into consideration
can help you make the best decision for your company.

4. Make your decision

Once you have evaluated your different approaches, it's time to make your decision. You can
choose from different decision-making structures, which include:
After making your decision, ensure it fully addresses the issue and does not create a new one.
Make sure the decision is something that your company can realistically implement and it aligns
with the mission, vision and values of the company.

5. Implement your decision

After you've made your decision, you can decide how to implement it. Start by identifying
primary objectives and deliverables and creating deadlines. Then, outline specific steps to meet
the objectives. In the implementation plan, you can include those who are involved with the issue
and assign responsibilities to the employees. Then, share your plan with everyone involved with
the issue and get feedback.

6. Monitor your progress

Once your plan is in place, be sure to monitor your progress. Determine whether you've met your
plan's objectives. You can also get feedback from those involved or collect data to gauge the
effectiveness of your decision. Adjust your plan if needed, or return to your brainstorm of
potential solutions if a new decision is required.

PROBLEM-SOLVING AND DECISION-MAKING TIPS

Here are some tips for solving problems and making decisions:

Develop related skills

Developing related skills can help you improve your problem-solving and decision-making
process. Some useful skills to develop include:
Analytical thinking: Analytical thinking can help you determine the root causes of an issue as
well as determine which potential decisions are best.
Creativity: Skills in creativity can help you to brainstorm solutions and make innovative
decisions, which can be beneficial to your company.
Critical thinking: Critical thinking can help you effectively understand and analyze an issue so
that you can make the best decision.

Communicate with other people

Communication can be key to making excellent decisions. You can ask for feedback from people
involved with an issue or ask a mentor for advice. Communicating with other people can help
you see different perspectives, which can help you make the best decision possible. You can also
ask your colleagues or supervisor how they deal with similar issues to get insight into how other
people in your industry decide and solve problems.

Reflect on your past decisions

Reflecting on past decisions and solutions can help you to further improve your problem-solving
and decision-making process. Think back on decisions you've made and how effective they were.
Consider the process you used to make a decision and choose components that worked to include
in your new problem-solving and decision-making process.

Learn more about your industry

Learning more about your industry can help you better understand different situations and make
the best possible decisions for your company. You can learn more about your industry through
training, certifications and courses, and you can also talk to a mentor to gain insight into your
industry.

Research other techniques

You can also research different techniques and activities to help you make decisions and solve
problems. For example, you can research the problem-solving and decision-making process of a
company that you respect. This can help you come up with new and innovative solutions to make
the best decisions for your company.

Level of Decision Making Not Clear

Sometimes, there is ambiguity in the level of power a manager holds, whether he holds the right
to make modifications in the existing system. This often leads to confusion in the minds of the
manager, especially at a middle-level manager.

Lack of Time
Hasty decisions often lead to disastrous effects. However, businesses are subject to emergencies
and often, as a decision making authority, you need to take a call in the limited time available.
This can pose a most difficult hurdle for most leaders, however, an effective leader has to go
through these testing times.

Lack of reliable data

Lack of reliable data can be a major hindrance in making apt decisions. Ambiguous and
incomplete data often makes it difficult for them to make an appropriate decision, which may not
be the best suited for any organization.

Risk-Taking Ability
Any decision attracts a fair deal of risk of resulting into negative outcome. However, it is
necessary to take calculated risks for an effective decision. Also, at the same time, casual attitude
and completely ignoring risks will not result in taking appropriate decisions.

Too Many Options

A manager can be in a dilemma if there are too many options for an effective solution. Finding
the appropriate one can be very difficult, especially if a particular decision favours a department
over the other.

Inadequate Support
A manager, however good he may be, cannot work without an adequate support level from his
subordinates. Lack of adequate support either from top level or grass root level employees may
result in a great jeopardy for the manager.

Lack of Resources
A manager may find it difficult to implement his decisions due to lack of resources- time, staff,
equipment. In these cases, he should look out for alternative approaches which fit in the available
resources. However, appropriate steps must be taken in case he feels that lack of resources may
stop the growth of the organization.

Inability to Change
Every organization has its own unique culture which describes its working policies. However,
some policies are not conducive to managers who are looking out for a change. The rigid
mentality of top-level management and the subordinates are the biggest hurdle, wherein a
manager cannot make positive amendments even if he wishes to do so.

Every experience is a big teacher, and managers should take a cue from their previous
experiences, and learn to boost their decision-making capacity. Big businesses have benefited
greatly from positive changes and results, which implies that a manager should first and foremost
improve his ability to deal with risks to take a good decision.

A 5-STEP PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY

1. Specify the problem – a first step to solving a problem is to identify it as specifically as
possible. It involves evaluating the present state and determining how it differs from
the goal state.
 2. Analyze the problem – analyzing the problem involves learning as much as you can
about it. It may be necessary to look beyond the obvious, surface situation, to stretch
your imagination and reach for more creative options.
o seek other perspectives
o be flexible in your analysis
o consider various strands of impact
o brainstorm about all possibilities and implications
o research problems for which you lack complete information. Get help.
3. Formulate possible solutions – identify a wide range of possible solutions.
o try to think of all possible solutions
o be creative
o consider similar problems and how you have solved them
4. Evaluate possible solutions – weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each solution.
Think through each solution and consider how, when, and where you could accomplish
each. Consider both immediate and long-term results. Mapping your solutions can be
helpful at this stage.
5. Choose a solution – consider 3 factors:
o compatibility with your priorities
o amount of risk
o practicality

KEYS TO PROBLEM SOLVING

 Think aloud – problem solving is a cognitive, mental process. Thinking aloud or
talking yourself through the steps of problem solving is useful. Hearing yourself think
can facilitate the process.
 Allow time for ideas to "gel" or consolidate. If time permits, give yourself time for
solutions to develop. Distance from a problem can allow you to clear your mind and
get a new perspective.
 Talk about the problem – describing the problem to someone else and talking about it
can often make a problem become more clear and defined so that a new solution will
surface.

CONCLUSION
In this report decision marketing problems is a way to systematically solve the research
problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it
we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research
problem along with the logic behind them.
REFERENCE
 www.google.com

 www.wikipedia.com