gS 0 Owain Rowland-Jones (2... EDUCATIONFirst published in 1997 Phoenix Education Pty Ltd PO Box 197 ‘Albert Park 8206 Vie Australia Phone (03) 9699 8377 Fax (03) 9699 9242 PO Box 3141 Putney NSW 2112 Australia Phone (02) 9809 3579 Fax (02) 9808 1430 Copyright © Owain Rowland-Jones 1997 $ Oat Mathematics HSC Examination Papers 1985-96 O@NSW Board of Studies 1985-96 Questions from past HSC examination papers contained in this publication have been reproduced lander licence from the NSW Board of Studies in ‘whom copyright is vested. The Board of Studies takes no responsibility for errors in the reproduction of questions, and has neither supplied nor endorsed the worked solutions. ‘The Board of Studies was the first publisher of each examination paper in the year indicated. [Allvights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review fav pormitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this bosk may be reproduced by any process without pormission, Copyright owners may take legal action gaint a person or orgenisation who infringes their copyright through unauthorised copying. Inquiries should be divested to the publisher. ISBN 1.875695 75 3 Design and page make-up by ‘Mathematical DeskTop Publishing, Kurrajong Cover design by Sharon Carr, Graphic Divine Printed in Australia by Sands Print GroupUsing a topic approach .... iv How to use this book: 12 steps to success .... v ‘Techniques for answering questions .. vi Exam techniques .... Abbreviations, symbols .... xi Complete HSC 2 Unit 1994 paper, with annotations .... xii 2 Unit Mathematics syllabus (NSW Board of Studies) .... axiii ‘Table of standard integrals ... xxiv Exam questions and worked solutions Calculator, arithmetic —-enieneenennnnanenancenmemenewnene 2 ewe 4 Trigonometry ae 5 Coordinate geometty varuenmnes 39 6 Quadraties, parabola, locus ee 63. 7 Plane geometry... 8 Differentiation ee eeenenrecrenmnnnnnennnninec 9 Integration 7 10 Trigonometrie functions 11 Exponential and logarithmic functions... 12 Applications of calculus to the physical world... —. 187 13 Sequences and series ..... 14 Probability... saaeeasnar 227 Complete HSC 2 Unit papers: 1995, 1996 ..-... Quick solutions i| | Using a topic approach ‘This book has been compiled to prepare students to, sit the New South Wales Higher School Certificate (HSC) 2 Unit Mathematics examination in a thoroughly organised and well-prepared manner. It contains all the actual questions from past HSC papers since 1985—arranged by individual topic. ‘This provides a number of powerful advantages: Students are able to start practising actual HSC questions from the very beginning of the Year 11 Preliminary course, giving an 18-plus months’ advantage. Questions can now be attempted as soon as the topic is completed, allowing many more past Papers to be covered, Beginning past papers early in Year 11 helps to remove the myth that the 2 Unit course is overly difficult. Students are able to start finding their strengths and weaknesses in particular topics at. an earlier stage and then adjust their skills where necessary. The style and wording of questions is much more easily compared and understood when questions of the same type are placed alongside each other— not so obvious when similar questions aro set some years apart and are ‘jumbled up’ among non-related topics. This enhances reinforcement and recognition of question type, method of solution and formulae. ‘The frequency (and therefore the possible degree of emphasis examiners may place on particular topies) is much more readily seen, However, this should not prevent students from being thoroughly prepared in the whole course, A topic approach more easily allows for thorough revision of previous topics. HSC PAST PAPERS av TOPIC Attempting the same questions a number of times over the two-year course can only strengthen students’ handling of that style of question. ™@ Students’ confidence, and therefore success, will increase once they realise that most of the questions are not really that difficult if they are constantly being successful at ‘real? HSC questions. W Preparation for assessment is enhanced by practising past paper ‘questions prior to sitting school assess- ments, as many teachers base assessment questions on HSC-type questions. The goaV/challenge of the HSC is kept constantly in front of the student to help maintain motivation. All this does not mean that students should not practise past papers in their complete and original form. They must! However, the fact that they have done all the questions by topic (hopefully a few times each) now prepares them to work to time constraints, recognise question types, and improve setting out and detail. To allow students to monitor their success, solutions to all questions have been given in two forms: ‘quick solutions’ (at the back), and complete worked solutions. The worked solutions also have hints and farther explanations, and there is space for individual student notes. At the beginning of each topic there is a summary of the themes, and a formula test. The answers to the formula tests form the basis of the formulas most Tikely to be required for that topic. This allows easy access and constant revision. Please keep in mind that this book is not a substitute for not doing as many exercises as possible from the textbook. That work represents the ‘bread and butter—whereas this work represents the ‘cream’How to use tl ‘The questions have all been taken from previous NSW HSC 2 Unit Mathematics papers set since 1985. ‘The topics match, as closely as possible, the Preliminary course and the HSC course as indicated in the Board of Studies syllabus. Within each topic, questions have been grouped together in the sequence in which they are normally developed and taught— although this is not always possible as some questions have overlapping themes and topics. Follow these steps to get maximum benefit: 1 Before attempting questions in any topic, make sure you thoroughly understand the basics of that topic. Before beginning questions from a topic, test: yourself with the formula test, covering the answers before you start, Check your answers to the formula test. Write out a number of times any that you did not get correct, Keep a record of these, and test yourself again as soon as possible. Attempt the questions, trying to associate each question with the themes of that topic. Ask yourself, for example: Is this a sine-rule type problem? Is it a bearing-type problem? This will help you to place questions in their correct: categories and approach them more efficiently. When you have worked through the question check the Quick Solution at the back of the | book. ‘Then go back to the worked solution if you need to check through the steps. Note that your working may vary alittle, even though you get the same answer. Make sure you understand any variations. If you find that you cannot get started with a particular problem, look at the complete solution section for any hints which might be given in the side notes. If you have to do this, cover up the worked solution so that you can make an attempt without being influenced by it. Ifyou are still unable to get started, then look at the worked solution. Read it through, copying down the working as you go. ‘Try to do.as many steps by yourself as you can without loukinng al the working. When you have reached the end of book: 12 steps to success the solution, cover up the working and immediately retry the same problem on another piece of paper. You may have to do this a couple of times before you are able to complete the question without looking at the working. Remember—you do not know how to do a problem until you can get it correct without having to look at the worked solution. Use the Record Sheet at the ond of each topic to keep a record of the questions you can’t do without looking at the working steps. These are the ones you must frequently re-attempt. Keep this in mind: You only really understand something when you never get it wrong. Ifyou are unable to understand the steps in the worked solution, do not ignore the question— seek assistance from your teacher, requesting an explanation of the problem. 10 Return to each topic frequently. In particular, return to those questions you recorded as giving you difficulty. The fact that you have already done them does not matter. In fact, the more times you do the same thing, the easier it becomes to do it again, so you will find it much easier to be successful with similar types of questions. Carefully read the sections on “Techniques for answering questions’ and ‘Exam techniques’. these will help you to analyse and interpret the various types and styles of questions. By the end of Term 2 in Year 12 you will have completed, or almost completed, the whole 2 Unit Mathematics course. There will be approximately sixteen weeks left until your HSC. Now is the time to start attempting complete past papers in their HSC format, Attempt one past paper per fortnight, Set aside three hours and sit each paper under exam-type conditions. Check the solutions and try to score your attempt. Be honest with yourself in assessing a mark for each question, 12 If you follow these steps, you will be much better prepared, and more confident, when you finally sit your HSC maths exam. UNIT MATHS:| | { Techniques for answering questions Basics Unless you have a sound knowledge of your ‘basics’ in mathematics, itis impossible to effectively answer questions on any topic, There are no shortcuts. You have to be able to readily access from your mind all formulas, methods and accuracy of calculation. ‘This can only be achieved by constant repetition and self- checking. The ‘pigeon-hole’ principle Problem solving is like sorting items into a ‘pigeon- hole’, where you select items from a large pile and place them in smaller compartments. Solving a maths problem is much the same. H Read the question and decide which topic it represents. For example: Is this a caleulus question? Is it a trigonometry question? This will narrow down your areas of thought and allow you to concentrate on all your knowledge of that topic, 1 Now start asking yourself further questions to narrow the problem down further. Example 1: Suppose you have a question on coordinate geometry, and that the question mentions a number of points, say (3, -2), (2, 0) and (1, 1). ‘Think of all the things you can do with points in a plane. You can find distances, gradients, midpoints, equations. You can test to see if they lie on a line, and you can carry out work with parallels and perpendiculars—the actual question often gives you aclue, If something is mentioned about lines being parallel, your thinking should immediately head towards equal gradients (m, = m,) Example 2: Suppose you have a problem involving a constant amount being added to a superannuation fund for a number of years. This type of problem will always involve a series of compound interest accumulations. So then you need to recall that this involves the summing of a geometric progression— which means that you must know the formula for compound interest and the sum of a GP, as well as how to form up the problem. ‘Most questions can be categorised fairly easily into topics once you have a sound knowledge of the basics. HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC Diagrams Many problems lend themselves to a diagram to help you ‘see’ where the question might be leading you. Almost all coordinate geometry, trigonometry and geometry questions require a diagram to help, Having drawn the basic diagram and marked all the given information on it, continue to add information fas you calculate it. In geometry questions, mark all equal parts with the usual symbols. With many probability questions, a tree diagram will help to do most of the work for you. Symbols Many problems are more easily recognisable when the words are changod into symbols. For example, an arithmetic progression question wordet ‘The sum of the third term ana the fourth term ie equal to one-quartar the sum of the first four terms. If. rapidly converts to T,+T, = }S,. From this point we realiso that we must express T and Sin terms ofa (the first term) and d (the common, difference) Thus %+7, = 2S, can be written as (a+2d)+(a+8d) = 4x 4(2a+8d), ete, In this way a complexly worded problem converts to a series of simple algebraic statements. Naturally, though, the above depends on your knowledge of the formulae T, = + (n-Dd and S,= $[20+(n-Dd] for arithmetic progressions, Back to basies again! Analysing the meanings of terms Consider a problem dealing with the motion of a particle in a straight line, ‘The question might be worded: ‘A particle initially start from a point A with diplace- rent 4m to the right of the origin and with an inital velocity of 10 m/sec. Five seconds later it has a displacement of 24m, coming to ree at that point... | A diagram is most useful to show this information, | which needs to be analysed and converted to symbols, ‘You must think about the key words: 1 ‘initially’ (£ = 0 sec) ‘displacement’ (4 m to the right of the origin) B® ‘initial velocity’ (vp = 10 m/sec) ‘coming to rest’ (final velocity v = 0 m/sec) ‘See diagram following.| | | t=Osec Uy = 10 m/sec —o—e—_______e— 0 4m 24m 20m As can be seen, these parts of the problem have been greatly simplified for what has been given and for what may be required. We will now look at some examples from different topics to see how our thought patterns should start to develop. There are often different ways to solve a problem. ‘These represent some typical approaches. Approaching different topics: calculator, arithmetic Question: The price of an article for sale at $1.60 is to increase by 20%. What will be the new price of the article? Thinking: Old price ($1-60) => 100% Response: Increase by 20% => 120% = new price Action: ete, Question: If x° = 100000, find x. Thinking: What will ‘undo’ «*? Response: ‘The reverse process; ie. cube root of «°(¥,5) Action: If.x* = 100000, fx" 57100000, te algebra Question: Find the value of |x—8] < 5. Thinking: What does absolute value imply? Response: Absolute value means (+) and (-~) values are involved, Action; (x8) < 5 and ~(x-8) < 6, ete. @ functions Question: On a number plane shade the region given by the conditions x*+y* < 4 and ety 21. Thinking: 1 What type of curve is x°+y* = 4? Response: Acircle, centre (0,0), radius 2. Thinking: 2 What type of enrve is x-+y = 1? Response: A straight line => y = -x+1 Thinking: 8 What does an inequality imply about a curve? TECHNIQUES FOR ANSWERING QUESTIONS A shaded region inside or outside a curve; a shaded region above or below the line, Action: 1 Draw the curves indicated and testa random point to find the region where the inequality holds. 2 Find the region common to both. Hitrigonometry Question: ABCD is a parallelogram. Find x. 2, [o\_S® A” 2 P a B Just looking carefully at this diagram gives us a lot of information, irrespective of what the actual question might ask. Thinking: What are the properties of a parallelogram? Response: 1 Opposite sides are equal G. DC=6, BC=2) 2 Co-interior angles add to 180° and opposite angles are equal (. B= 120°= ZADC and 60°= ZBCD) ‘Thinking: AADPis isosceles—what properties? Response: Equal-base angles (:.. ZADP= ZAPD) Both add to 120°, «. each is 60° + AADPis equilateral «all sides of AADPare equal 2 PD=2 Thinking: SPBC—what do I know about it? c 2 P 4 B Respon’ 120", PB=4, PC Action: — Use the cosine rule to find PC (2 sides and included angle). Thinking: ADPC:—what do I know about it? Response: DP=2, DC = 6, PC can be caleulated using the cosine rule, Inow know all three sides, + Tean use the cosine rule to find angle x. Action: 2 UNTTHATHE!i What differentiation tale do I need? © OxACE Value of the Pesponse: sand 2 ae jnined by maltipication ig 2E+3V3 + Tneed the product Tale = vu" + up’) ded C is >. etme OC 7? Question: Phe line y "yo 8 tangent to the Thinking: COR ig adjacent to ZAgg gure 9 wai ge a8 int (2. dtl find 240g, hen Fean tnd coop inde Point (-2,—y, th add t¢ 90°), 4AOB i, ight- diane Do Thave into Thinking: How dy find the equation of the tangent ths OF the sides to sng sin, many S8FVe at a point? Response: The Aerivative of the curve evaluated at - y ay 2 y= JB flee 2x43) de edtoxtexte How do I finde? Since (2, 3) lies on the curve, I ean substitute (2,3) into y= x*-x"+a40 to obtain ae ae 274246 Bee—8 ‘The rate of emission £, in tonnes por year, of CFCs in Australia from 81 October 1989 is given by B= 1004 (#)° where t is the time in years. Calculate the total amount of CFCs emitted in Australia during the years 1989 to 1998, What does E really mean? Bisarate, -- it must be‘d/dt’ of some quantity, Let the mass emitted be M, Pg How do I find the total mass M? If I ‘reverse’ dM/dt by integrating, Tean obtain M. Be = 100+(0) m= [aba = [[poo+(tef Jar ee TECHNIQUES FOR ANSWERING QUESTIONS, i probability Question: Seventy-five tagged fish were released into a dam known to contain fish. Later a sample of 42 fish was netted from the dam and then released. Of these 42 fish ‘it was noted that five were tagged. Estimate the number of fish in the dam. From a large sample (all the fish in the dam) we must have obtained the prob- ability of the tagged fish when we found 5 out of 42 tagged. Thats, Pttagged fish) = Suppose there were fish to start with How many now, after adding 76? x45 Thinking: Response: ‘Thinking: What fraction were tagged fish? 15 2+ 75 5. x+75 Response: But this isthe sameas 3 eH 2 ‘The above examples should hopefully give an insight into the types of questions you must ask yourself when solving problems. Mentally practice this technique as you do all the past paper questions in their topics. Over a period of time it starts to become an automatic process, enabling you to tackle most. types of questions. Constant practice is the only way, to improve. 2unrTMATHS| | i i | | i i i | | | 1 | i | | SS Exam techniques ‘The sitting for a major examination such as your HSC needs to be well organised. You need to map out a time program to enable you te have everything come together on the day of the exam. Preparation can be roughly broken down into the following time- frame. Post-school trial Your trial examination at school should give you a fair idea of your strengths and weaknesses. You will generally find that you have about 4 to 5 weeks of formal school lessons remaining in which revision is carried out. You certainly need to be attempting as many recent past HSC papers as possible in this time, particularly those questions that point to your weaknesses, Refer to the worked solutions and chase up your teachers to have them explain those aspects of which you are unsure. By now you also need to have all formulas and basies in place, Term 3 vacation and ‘stu-vac’ During the remaining 4 weeks or so at this time, you need to attempt at least 3 or 4 recent past papers {HSC or school trials) under examination conditions. On these occasions lock yourself away for 3 hours and attempt the paper under full exam conditions, You must be totally honest with yourself—no notes, no books. When you have finished, try to score your attempt by using the solutions provided with the past papers. Once again be honest with yourself about marks, ‘This process will help you work to a time-frame for the exam, as well as show you a variety of different ways in which similar questions may be worded, The day or night before the exam Keep the last day before the exam low-key. It should ‘only be necessary to self-test yourself for various formulas which might be required, and to go over the various steps or techniques for specific topies. It is generally worthwhile to continue revision in other subjects you have yet to sit. Do not do any maths work the night before the exam, Make sure your calculator is working properly and that you have a fresh spare battery. Ensure that all ‘your requirements (pens, pencils, ets.) are organised. ‘Then make sure you get a good night's sleep. HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC The actual exam Ifyou have practised a number of past papers under exam conditions, you will have started to get a feel for the amount of time you can spend on each question, With ten questions, you have an average of about 18 minutes per question, Obviously some questions can be completed in less time. Try to ensure you have completed about 34 questions in each hour. ‘You will be given 5 minutes reading time before commencing. Use this time to mentally put in order the questions of which you are confident—theso are the ones to attempt first. Once you are allowed to start, DO NOT begin writing. Go through your exam paper systematically and jot down against each question any formulas, phrases or hints that are applicable. ‘This should take about 5 to T minutes. It will be the best 5 to 7 minutes you spend. Formulas, ideas, and techniques are fresh in your mind at the start of the exam. You do not want to be in the position, two hours into the exam, of wondering: ‘Is it @ “# or ‘~" in this formula? ‘Is it -b/a or —b/2a for the axis of symmetry for a parabola?” It’s easy to start to panic and get things mixed up under exam pressure. Get it down on paper while it is fresh in your mind. Carefully study the actual 1994 HSC Mathematics past paper on page xii through to page xii, You will see various formulas written beside the questions, various simple notes and parts circled, to ensure that the question is answered in the way the examiner requires. These are the kinds of thoughts you should have to enable you to tackle the question, particularly as time progresses. Practise this technique before- hand while doing a numbor past papers during ‘stu-vac’. Look carefully at each requirement of the examiner. If the answer is required as a surd, for example, ‘make sure yougiveitin Jf form. Ifyouare required to give an answer to the nearest degree, make sure that this is how you give your answer. Above all, check your answers and as many steps of, ‘your working along the way as possible. For example, if you have solved a pair of simultaneous equations, substitute the x and y values back into the original equations to ensure they are true. If you have integrated an expression, mentally differentiate your aesull Ly see if you obtain the original expression as your check.‘Make sure you label all booklets carefully. Within a question you do not have to present each part in order. If, for instance, you are unsure of (iii) of a question, then do parts (ji), (ii) and Gv), then come back later to attempt (iti). Should you find that you are running out of time, try to do any remaining questions according to how much you estimate their worth. Ibis better to spend 5 minutes on a question you estimate to be worth 4 marks than 5 minutes on something only worth 2marks. Part marks are available, but you have to earn them, Example: Suppose you had the following question and you were running out of time (say two minutes left), You have not time to do it all, but you know the method involved. The following as your answer will help to obtain part marks. Question: Sketch the curve whose equation is y = 2x°-6x for the domain -2 < x <3 showing all stationary points. Discuss the nature of the stationary points. Answer: Abbreviations, symbols EXAM TECHNIQUES: Finding x and y will give stat. pts. Find y” touse as 2nd deriv. test to show max or min: if y"<0 = max if y’>0 = min if y= 0 = pts. of inflexion ‘This response would take about two minutes, but should obtain part marks—doing nothing because ‘you couldn't finish in time gets you NO marks Once your exam is over, don’t dwell on it, Put it out of your mind—there’s nothing more you can do about it, You will have other subjects still to do, and you need to keep a positive attitude while you prepare for them. Ifyou can adopt these methods, you are sure to find that your results will be much better than attempting your exam in a haphazard approach, T could offer you good luck, but unfortunately luck rarely enters into it. Consistent revision and practice are the only things that will give you the marks you would like. ‘The following abbreviations and symbols are used throughout this book: C4 therefore equals is approximately equal to is congruent to is similar to implies approaches, leads to parallel parallelogram discriminant (of a quadratic) triangle ABC decimal places sig. figs. significant figures perpendicular gradient of the line AC cad de @y ae stationary points point of horizontal inflexion minimum /maximum xradians loge probability of x UN MATHS:419042 UNIT PAPER, sii ° ° ———S BOARD OF STUDIES NEW souTH WALES HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 1994 MATHEMATICS 2/3 UNIT (COMMON) Time allowed—Three hours (Plus 5 minutes’ reading time) DIRECTIONS TO CANDIDATES Attempt ALL questions. ALL questions are of equal value. All necessary working should be shown in every question. Marks may be deducted for careless or badly arranged work, Standard integrals are printed on page xxiv. Board-approved calculators may be used. Each question attempted is to be retumed in a separate Writing Booklet clearly marked Question 1, Question 2, etc. on the cover. Each booklet must show your Student Number and the Centre Number. 7 ‘You may ask for extra Writing Booklets if you need them, HS PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC| iit 119042 UNIT PAPER, 2 QUESTION 1. Use a separate Writing Booklet. 23 Give your answer correct so exile, @) Find the value of (b) Simplify 2-3(x-5). (©) Differentiate 3x°- 4x+7. Hya4 (@) Solve |x-1|= 4. => 424 8 Cc (©) The distance from the Earth to 1 149.492.000 km, Write this number in {Getic nhion const o Gaia Shee. ( Kim invests $1000 at 8% per year compound interest, compounded Garey. ) Calculate the value of the investment after 5 years. rk fre Pt ee QUESTION 2. Use a separate Writing Booklet. NOT TO SCALE The points A, B, and C have coordinates (1,0), (0, 8), and (7,4), as shown in the diagram. ‘The angle between the line AC and the x axis is @. Copy this diagram into your Writing Booklet. 4, - Ys ; : : me aoe (a) Find the gradient of the line AC. poe a) (b) Calculate the size of angle 6 in degrees. — qugk >) your A oe (c) Find the equation of the line AC. 2 pt form es (@) Find the coordinates of D, the midpoint of AC. (,. y,.>) = eae (©) Show that ACis perpendicular to BD. =3 wa, ya, =~) (What does part (e) show about AABC? \ (®) Findtheareaof ABC. Ay = & bb (h) Write down the coordinates of a point E such that ABCE is a thombus. ‘UNIT MATHS:19942 UNIT PAPER, iv 3 QUESTION 3. Use a separate Writing Booklet. (i) cos(x?) 7 ' A trun -9 sec* Gi) tan. product rule y's vu + AVY ax b 0) : NOT TO SCALE 9em & 3 M N 3om K L The diagram shows a triangle JKL. MN||KL, JK=8 cm, JN=9cm, and NL=3cm. @ Prove that AJMN is similar to AJKL. => @ 4S Gi) Find the length of MK, => @ ratos (c) Find: Pe @ ferac axe ye 7 @ cr [HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC= 19942 UNIT PAPER 4 QUESTION 4. Use a separate Writing Booklet. @ B NOT TO SCALE Cos rude. 200m ata br4c-abe cosh ll born, 350m Ona golf course, the distance from a tee T to the hole H is 350m. A golfer’s ball comes to rest at point B, 200 m from 7. Angle HTB is 10°, as shown in the diagram. How far is B from H? ©) NOT TO SCALE R s u T sie _ por som + o “+O Assecler - A car windscreen wiper traces out the area RSTU where RS and UT are ares of circles, centre O, radii 50 cm and 20 cm respectively, as shown in the figure. Calculate the area RSTU. ©) Given that -4( 2") = 2ne, evaluate [ xe" ax ive se j= , evaluate | xe" . (©) Given that fe xe ; Re = spunk afferent ae (4 The positive multiples of 7 are 7, 14, 21, . (@ Whats the largest multiple of 7 less than 10007 (i) Whats the sum of the positive multiples of 7 which are less than 1000? Snr Glare) sa -Bbarerad) UNIT MATHS19042 UNIT PAPER avi [ 5 QUESTION 5. Use a separate Writing Booklet. (@) Find the values of mfor which 12+4m—m?> 0, quaarahe. vnequattS, ©) A 2m B NOT TO SCALE. HEE 50m 2 ‘The figure shows the side view of a bridge opened to let boats pass underneath. When the equal arms of the bridge PA and QB are lowered, they meet exactly to form the straight roadway PQ, which is 50 m long. When the arms PA and OB are raised through an angle 6 as shown, the ‘corridor’ AB is 12 m wide, Calculate the size of angle @. (© A particle moves along a straight line so that its distance x metres from a fixed point O is given by x= 6-248 In(t+3), where the time fis measured in seconds. (What is the position of the particle when Gi) Find expressions for the velocity aid acceler Gii) Find the time ¢ when the velocity of the particle is zero. y20 @ ‘The region enclosed by the curve y = 6V and the x axis between x= 0 and x=9 is rotated about the aX{5as shown, 29 do. Find the volume of the solid of revolution. V=oT (> ax HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPICi 19942 UNIT PAPER, 6 QUESTION 6. Use a separate Writing Booklet, (a) ‘A bag contains green, black, and red jellybeans. Therefore, if Ichoose one jellybean at random from the bag, the probability that it is black is 4.” Is this statement true or false? Explain why, in no more than one sentence. (b) The diagram shows the graph of a certain function f(x). y (® Copy this graph into your Writing Booklet. (i) On the same set of axes, draw a sketch of the derivative f’(x) of the function. (c) Consider the curve given by y = x7-6x+4. 2? yize (Find the coordinates of the starry points and determine their nature. Gi) Find the coordinates of any pogo intexsah g's0 (iii) Sketch the curve for the domain -3 s x <3. (iv) What is the maximum value of x°— 6x44 in the domain -3 < x $3? check end values UNIT MATHS:1994 2 UNIT PAPER zi 1 QUESTION 7. Use a separate Writing Booklet. @ A can of baked beans is in the shape of a closed cylinder with height h cm and radius em, as shown in the diagram. are O ‘The folume of the can is 500 cm?. Find an expression for h in terms of r. Gi) Show that the surface amba, S cm?, of the can is given by 1000 = nr? 1000, * Sh eamrch sar eet reer sre Gii) Tf the area of metal used to make the can is to be, (eee. find the sada of the can, 5 fe te. legac — logy = log (5) (b) Solve 210853 = 10g;x—log, 6. ee * xlegy= egy (©) A Geiger counter is taken into a region after a nuclear accident and gives a reading of 10000. One year later, the same Geiger counter gives a reading of 9000. Itis known that the reading Tis given by the formula T=he™, where % and & are constants and 1 is the time measured in years. Gi) It is known that the region will become safe when the reading reaches 40. After how many yearDwill the region become safe? Wee? HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPICse 19942 UNIT PAPER 8 QUESTION 8. Use a separate Writing Booklet. (a) The number of unemployed people « at time t was studied over a period of time. At the start of this period, the number of unemployed was 800000. : _, du (@ Throughout the period, <0. ‘What does this say about the number of unemployed during the period? a, Gi) It is also observed that, throughout the period, a >0. Sketch the graph of against t. (b) A regular hexagon is drawn inside a circle with centre O so that its vertices lie on the circumference, as shown in the diagram. The circle has radius I om. —— ides @ Prove that AOAB is egiflaira by ei Gi) Find the area of 4B hence find the area of this hexagon. Leave your answer in surd form- a ™ fas babsine ‘BUNT MATHS19942 UNIT PAPER QUESTION 8. (Continued) | Another regular hexagon is drawn outside the circle, as shown. The altitude of | AOGH is 1 cm. Gi) Find the area of AOGH and hence find the area of this outer hexagon. Leave your answer in surd form. (iv) By considering the results in (ii) and Gi), show that a <2, HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC19942 UNIT PAPER QUESTION 9. Use a separate Writing Booklet. es once = [o0l™ (@) — @_-Prove that the line y= x+2 isa G0 the parabola y = Gi) Let Q be the point where the line y = x+2 touches the parabola yox?-Sx4ll, Sx+11. Show that the x6uffiaDXo the parabola at Q is y=—x+8. —— perp 3 mM M2=—! (iii) Find the area of the region enclosed between the parabola and the line yooxts. ) 3x44y-18 = The point P(x,y) is equidistant from the lines y =3 and 3x+4y—18 = 0, and lies in the shaded region of the diagram, Find the equation of the locus of P. ‘BUNT MATHS:19942 UNIT PAPER @ @ Gi) avy) @ Gi) Gil) wy) u QUESTION 10. Use a separate Writing Booklet. dew og: ee a i ‘Suan (a) David has invented a game for one person. He throws two ordinary dice repeatedly Until the sum of the two numbers shown is either 7 or 9. If the sum is 9, David wins. If the sum is 7, David loses. If the sum is any other number, he continues to throw until itis 7 or 9. Show that the probability that David wins on his first throw of the dice is 3. Calculate the probability that a second throw is needed. What is the probability that David wins on his first, second, or third throw? ‘Leave your answer in unsimplified form. Caleulate the probability that David wins the game. (b) A triangle ABC is right-angled at B. D is the point on AC such that BD is perpendicular to AC. Let ZBAC = 8 Draw a diagram showing this information. ‘You are given that 6AD+ BC = SAC. Sut Show that 6cos@+tan@ = Ssecd. tan? ws L sec= Cos Deduce that 6sin?@—sin@ -1 = 0. 2, sun? Flos Find 6, HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPICThe 2 Unit syllabus ‘The 2 Unit Mathematics syllabus has been divided into Preliminary Course and HSC Course, as follows: Basic arithmetic and algebra Coordinate methods in geometry Real functions Applications of geometrical properties Trigonometric ratios Geometrical applications of differentiation Linear functions Integration ‘The quadratic polynomial and the ‘Trigonometric functions parabola (ineluding applications of trigonometric ratios) Plane geometry—geometrical propertios Logarithmic and exponential funetions ‘Tangent to a curve and derivative of a Applications of calculus to the physical function world Probability Series Series applications Length ofcourse Indicative class time of 120 hours of school study for the Preliminary course and of 120 hours of school study for the HSC Course. HSC examination format _A single written paper of 3 hours duration, called the 2/3 Unit (Common) paper. UNIT MATHSstv | Standard integrals sinaxdx j | sefaxd: = Ltanax, a0 | | a 1 secartanaxdx =+secax, a#0 | a tee =-tn =, a#0 a ax =, a>0, -aa>0 =ln( xa? +a") NOTE: Inx=log.x, x>0 HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPICTopic 1 Calculator, arithmetic THEMES 1 Calculator usage 2 Recurring decimals 3 Surds 4 Indices 5 Scientific notation, significant figures ‘The following formulas and results are likely FORMULA TEST to be used in solving questions in this topic. Sele 1 Vavb = Vab fale = “ &. EF 7 3 (alae a= 4 a™xa*=a™ Express Ya in index form. Express Ya in index form. Express + in index form, @ Express + in index form, 2 UNIT MATHSQuestion 1 (1986) Find 3" correct to two decimal places. Question 2 (1987) Find, correct to two decimal places, the value of 56x49 T8+41 Question 3 (1988) Find, correct to two decimal places, the value of (3:24)? 573-284 Question 4 (1989) Find correct to 2 decimal plac¢ 5. 46-59 oer, ww Se Question 5 (1990) 1718 Caleulate Tay correct to 2 decimal places, Question 6 (1991) Caleulate Round off your answer to one decimal place. Question 7 (1994) 4.23 Find the value of 7 118 Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places. Question 8 (1995) Find the value of 19° to two decimal places. Question 9 (1996) Find the value of 13-"* correct to two significant, figures. Question 10 (1985) Given that 2* = 100 000, find x, rounded off correct lo the nearest whole number. Question 11 (1985) If S = ar(r+2h), find S, rounded off correct to one decimal place, when r= 1200 and h=4.005. HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC CALCULATOR, ARITHMETIC NSW HSC 2 Unit Mathematics examination questions Question 12 (1986) i = - Given that I= 55, and B=06, R r=-05, find I. Question 13 (1987) Given that V = JxR°H and that R>0, find Rif V= 2000 and H= 12, Give your answer correct to one decimal place. Question 14 (1988) ‘The base length x, of a square pyramid of volume V and perpendicular height h, is given by - f= «= BE, Find x, correct to two decimal places, if V = 750 and h= 8-45. Question 15 (1991) ES= find the value of a when $= 60 and Question 16 (1990) ‘The volume V of a sphere is given by V= $ar*. Ifa sphere has volume 5 cm’, find the radius correct to two decimal places. Question 17 (1993). Find the value of 4x. Z ifa=d1and g=98. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. Question 18 (1990) ‘ ® Rationatise the denominator of >. ii) Find integers a and b such that sapere Question 19 (1991) 1 Express with a rational denominator. Question 20 (1996) 7 Rationalise the denominator of onalise the denominator of E>.| Question 21 (1985) A manufacturer increases the price of a car by 20% to anew selling price of $9000, What was the selling price of the car before this increase? Question 22 (1986) ‘The price of an article for sale at $1-60 is to increase by 20%, What will be the new price of the article? Question 23 (1987) In 1987 Council rates increased by 7}%. ‘The new rate for a property is $1735, What was the old rate for this property? Give your answer correct to the nearest dollar. Question 24 (1989) Ata shoe sale, all shoes are to be sold at a discount of 15% off the marked price. What is the cost of a pair of shoes with marked price $79-95? Question 25 (1992) Find the average of the numbers 75, 29, 80, 42, 65, 59, 38. Give your answer correct to one decimal place. CALCULATOR, ARITHMETIC 3 Question 26 (1990) ‘The speed of light is 299 725 kilometres per second. Write this number correct to four significant figures. Question 27 (1994) ‘The distance from the Earth to the Sun is 149 492000 kim, Write this number in scientific notation, correct to 4 significant figures. Question 28 (1996) A layer of plastic cuts out 15% of the light and lets through the remaining 85%. (@_ Show that two layers of the plastic let through 72-25% of the light. (ii) How many layers of the plastic are required to cut out at least 90% of the light? UNIT wartse u 12 13, 3° = 46-765 3718... ~ 46-77 (2d.p.) 56x49 an vo = 241 dp) eegy ~ 24070175... = 241 @a.p) (9247 _ _ sosess7s... = 263 @ Bibrpay = 30923875... = 368 dp) @ (27) = 143-489 07 = 143-49 @ dp.) 46-59 Gy) [O88 __, ss = O12 (2d, GD Feagg = 701228788 dp) 1 148x57 = 21077168... = 211 (2d.p) = 04 (1d.p) 423 Yeis-178 = 2:025 80259... = 203 (2d.p.) 19° = 02294157... = 0.28 (2d.p.) 13" = 0.046 054 06... = 0.046 (2 sig. figs.) 100.000 ¥100 000 6-415 888. = 46 (to nearest whole number) S = ar(r+2h) = (12)(12+8.00 = 34.720 882... » 84-7 (1d.p.) E 06 1 * Fear ~ Thae0w ~~ = 12615 662... = 12-6 (1 dec. pl.) Hsc PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC CALCULATOR, ARITHMETIC—worked solutions to HSC 2 Unit Mathematics examination questions Calculator techniques Involving diviston: (2) If the denominator is a product pair, 267 example in vee [+]. [= foroample Tigao ve. 367[5]47[+]2-9 = (©) ifthe denominator involves a few different operations and the numerator is a single term (or product), forexample 24X26 42+ JB ‘then perform the denominator firot, vided by ‘the numerator, then use the reciprocel key |= ‘to ‘turn it upside down’ again, 2 tT 4ele +L |e s4[+]26[= 1B Make R the subject first (algebraically), then substitute values, Notes: + with equations, lear fractions first + ‘undo’ operations by we] tthe reverse R® =>CALCULATOR, ARITHMETIC. 15 16 17 18 19 av h _ xt 8-45 = 16917848... « 1682 (2 dee. pl.) S= = 10607844... = 106 em (2 dec. pl.) tn fE = an SE = 81280946... = 8:1 Qsig. fig) @ 2 2H | 2248) 2-3 2+V3 4-3 = 4428 6) P= 44 from = 44vav8 4412 atv and, bald a 1_ B42 _ 34 3-5“ 3eW8 ~ 9-2 5 7 a 16 Make rthe eubject first i (algebraically), then poe subotitute values,6 __ CALCULATOR, ARITHMETIC SL CALCULATOR, ABITHMETIG 4 Wb-2 _ 4(5-2 2 Ea" a2 5a = 4(5-2) 21 Let the original price be represented by 100%. “ mewprice: 120% = $9000 9000 ae 120 9000 100% = —. 20 * 100 = $7500 + Original price is $7500. 22 Let the original price be represented by 100%. 23 Let the old rate be represented by 100%. 4+ new rate = 1074% = $1735 1736 Me Tons _ 185 2 100% = TR x 100 = $1613.95 = $1614 to nearest dollar 24 Discounted price = 100%— 15% = 85% ‘Sale price = 85% of $79.95 = $67-96 (to nearest cent) 75429 + 80+ 42+ 65459438 7 = 55-428 571... = 554 (to 1dp.) 25 Average = 26 299 725 km/sec = 299700 kan/see (to 4 sig. fig.) 27 Distance = 149 492.000 km = 1494.92x 10° km = 1-495 x 10° km (4 sig. fig.) 28 (i) Each successive layer lets through 85% of light, + 2layers let through 085% 0-85 = 0-7225 = T225% Gi) ‘At least. 90% of light cut ont’ is equivalent to ‘at most 10% light’ let through. Let n be the number of layers of plastic required. (0:85)" < 10% ie 085)" < O4 n= 16 (by calculator) Hsc PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC 21. Original price = 100% new price ~» 120% “| Note: This i the so-called ‘unitary’ method. 2B (il) Think about percentage of light let through Using calculator, 0-85 x 0-85 x 0-85 until you reach < 07 “| Note: This could also have been solved using logarithms. O-B5"< O4 10g0:88" < log0-1 1og0°86 < log0-1 log0-4 ne ae (00-26 < 0) 2 14-108. le n=RECORD SHEET: Calculator, arithmetic Understanding often comes with repetition. During the two years of your Higher School Certificate (HSC) course you should do each of the questions in this book a number of times, particularly those you get wrong or have difficulty with, The following Record Sheet will help you to keep track of your suecess. When you have completed and marked a question, record it with a V or X. Try to got every question correct at least four times during the 2-year course. Question| Date” number 2)ofas Date Date Date Date Date Date Date 1 Jf. UNIT MATHS:Algebra THEMES 1 Perfect squares, difference of two squares 2 Factors 3 Quadratic formula 4 Equations: linear, quadratic, simultaneous 5 Absolute value ‘The following formulas and results FORMULA TEST are likely to be used in solving questions in this topic. (aso? = 1 a+b)" = a? +2ab+b" (aby? = 2 (@-b)* = a?-2ab+b 8 (c+bXe-b) = ab? (a+bXa-b) = 4 Tfax*+bx+c = 0, b+ fo 4ae 2a a-b>0, thona>6 If ax®+bx+e = 0, then x= then Ifa-b > 0, thena 6 6 Ifa-d<0, thenab, thena<-b If-a > b, thena 8 If-a< 6, thena>-b 1 1 If -0 <6, thena 9 1 2>d, thena <> 4 4 wis5,thena< ,a>0 BOE rater cart 1 U1 Ifx?=a, thenx=+Va e-+>6, thena> ,a>0 a 12 If |x+a| If x7 =a, then x = then x+a = 6 or -(x+a)=b 13 H|x+al > 6, then x+a > or —(x+a)>b If [r+a| = 6, then If [x+a| > b, then HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC.ALGEBRA NSW HSC 2 Unit Mathematics examination questions Question 1 (1985) Solve the equation 5@-D-1= 29, Question 2 (1986) Solve the equation 3(2x+1)~2(8~a) = 53, Question 3 (1987) Solve the equation BGe-2) = x-5. Question 4 (1989) Solve the equation A(x-5) = 3-2(x-D. Question 5 (1990) Solve 3—(4—x) = 5x. Question 6 (1992) Solve 4x+7 = 3(x-2). Question 7 (1988) 2x Solve the equation Question 8 (1991) 2x x Solve F-= Question 9 (1988) Solve the equation 3x?~6x+1= 0 giving each solution correct to two decimal places. Question 10 (1996) Solve the equation u?-u-1= 0, correct to three decimal places. Question 11 (1993) 10. x = B z c In the diagram ZABC is a right angle. Find the value of x, Question 12 (1989) Solve the simultaneous equations: 4e-y = 8 10x+8y = 2 Question 13 (1992) Solve the pair of simultaneous equations: tye2 Qe-y=T Question 14 (1993) Solve the pair of simultaneous ‘equations: Qxty=7 a-2y=1 Question 15 (1988) ‘Simplify the expression 4x-38(x+0). Question 16 (1994) Simplify 2~3(2-6), Question 17 (1995) Bx-1 Simplity 3+ Question 18 (1996) <1 Simplify e- t Question 19 (1987) Factorise 8a?~ 12. Question 20 (1991) Factorise 9x*— 9%, Question 21 (1995) Factorise 9x"- 16, Qhestion 22 (1980) Factorise 2x*~7x—15. Question 23 (1992) Factorise 2*+ 52-6. Question 24 (1996) Factorise 2x7+ 82-2. Question 25 (1993) Find those values of x which satisfy the inequality 5—8x < 7. Question 26 (1995) Solve 5-82 < 7. Question 27 (1994) Solve |ee~ 1) Question 28 (1987) Find the values of for which [x-1] <5, Question 29 (1990) Mark on a number line the values of x for which Jz-2] < 8. Question 80 (1991) Mark on a number line the values of x for which levi s 3, Question 31 (1996) Graph the solution of |x-+2] < 3 on a number line, uN Mares40 1 5(@-D-1= 29 Sx-B-1= 29 5x-6 = 29 9 32*-Gx4+1=0 Using the quadratic formula, 2 Ot YC OF -4OD 208) 686-12 6 6+ V24 BtV6 3 18164... or 01836... = 182 or O18 (2 dee. pl) HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC ALGEBRA —worked solutions to HSC 2 Unit Mathematics examination questions 2 8@x+1)-2(8-2) = 63 6x4+3-642x = 58 8x-3 = 58 8x = 56 e=7 4 4-5) = 8-26-D 4x-20 = 8-242 Aart 2x = 5420 6x = 25 =42 Multiply through by 15 2x x Frag Ks (2x) 8x = 15 10x82 = 15 Te = 15 oH =24 bx 10 utu-1=0 Using the quadratic formula, yb? dae 2a Diya 4OCD 2 ~ tevin 2 46180 ... or -0-6180.... 1618 or -0618 (8d.p.) 7 Multiply both sides by B(x-5): Ee 2x x-5 8(x-5) *5(x-5) 8 Clear fractions immediately |” by multiplying through by | the LCM. correct to 2 dec. places’ What clue does thio give | about the method to use? Notes ~) + 24 = Vale = v6 : 6+2N6 |. 6 + Factorise or divide ‘through by 2. "| 10 See question 9ALGEBRA 44 _ en 11 Using Pythagoras’ theorem, (0-2)? = 22+ 5% 2 100-20x4 27 = 28425 12 0 10x+8y = 2 2 Multiply © by 3, adding with @: 12r-8y = 9 lOx+3y = 2 Re =i 5 #-4 Substituting x=} into @: 18 aty 0 aay —® Adding ® and @: 329 Substitute into @: Bey york Solutionis x= 8, y=-1 cy Qty =7 —Ox2 a-2y 2 4e+2y = 14 #729 Adding, Bz * Substituting in ©: 2@)+y o+y 2 E Solution is x= 8, y=1 MY Right-angled A and ‘three eides Involved. What theorem? moo] 12 Use the or oubstitution 7 method. aa Check the answer by back eubstitutior ‘UNIT MATHS12 _ALceBRA 15 4x-9(x45) = 4x—-32-15 15 16 2-8(x-5) = 2-8x415 = 17-82 Be 3@x-D 6” 6 = 2et9x—3 18 19 307-12 = 3(a?-4) = 3(@+2(-2) (3x+ y)(Bx-y) 21 9x7-16 (x+4)(8x-4) 22 2x*—Te—15 = (2x4+3)(x—5) 23 x84 5a—6 = (x-D(x+6) 24 2x74 82-2 = Ox D(e+2) 2 5-32 <7 -8x< 7-5 “Br < 2 2 x>-} 26 As per question 25, x > -3 27 |e-ljad > 2-124 or (2-0 x=5 or fea a= ee -8 or & HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPIC 17 Bring to the same denominator, 19 Cla?-A = cuepect diference of wo squares |” Note Look fora common — |. factor first. 22 Check by re-expanding un your answer, 28 Be careful of inequality signs and ~signs. 27 Absolute value = + 0r—situation43 ALGEBRA ———_—. tt 13 28 \2x-1)<5 = 22-155 and -(@r-)s5 22 <6 and 2x-12-5 as3 2x 2-4 n2-2 Solution is -2< 2<3 29 |x-2]<3 > x-2<3 and -(@-2) <3 -3 e>-l Solution is -1 2413 and -(e+D <8 xs2and x+12-3 ae-4 Solution is -4.< x <2 rc 9 -4 2 SL |z+2| 53 = x42< 3 and -(x+2) <3 xSland 2422-3 x25 ~ Solution is -5 o a % 7 z = 2b. (axis of symmetry) "35 8 Rectangular hyperbola 4 Circle: centre (a, 5), radius r ” y Ge-a)*+ (yb = 0 = a ¥ 5 (a) Semicircle 5(b) Somicircle y x 6 Exponential HSC PAST PAPERS BY TOPICFUNCTIONS NSW HSC 2 Unit Mathematics examination questions Question 1 (1985) (a) Draw on a sketch diagram the lines y= and youth (b) Indicate on your diagram, by shading, the region of the (z, y) plane determined by those points which satisfy ail the inequalities |x| $1 and y 2x and ys x41. Question 2 (1990) On a number plane shade in the region given by the two conditions wey <4 and x+y 21 Question 3 (1994) x Br4dy-18 = 0—~ ‘The point P(x, y) is equidistant from the lines y=8 and 31+4y~18 = 0, and lies in the shaded region of the diagram. Find the equation of the locus of P. Question 4 (1995) (Draw the graphs of y = |x| and y = x+4 on the same set of axes. (ii) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of these two graphs, UNIT MATHS