ζ ZETA

EXAMINATION
MATERIALS

Mathematics Extension 1

General • Reading time – 10 minutes

Instructions • Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• For questions in Section II, show relevant mathematical
reasoning and/ or calculations

Total Marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2–4)

70 • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 5–12)

• Attempt Questions 11–14
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10

1 Which of the following is a root of the polynomial 𝑃 (𝑥) = 𝑥4 + 5𝑥3 − 3𝑥2 − 17𝑥 − 10?

A. 𝑥 = −3
B. 𝑥 = −2
C. 𝑥 = 2
D. 𝑥 = 3

2 Which of the following vectors is perpendicular to the line 𝑦 = 3𝑥?

A. (3)
1
B. (−1)
3
C. ( 3 )
−1
D. (−3)
−1

3 What is an expression for sin (2𝑥) in terms of 𝑡, where 𝑡 = tan 𝑥2 ?

2𝑡
A. 1+𝑡2
4𝑡
B. 1+𝑡2
2𝑡(1−𝑡2 )
C. 2
(1+𝑡2 )

4𝑡(1−𝑡2 )
D. 2
(1+𝑡2 )

1 Zeta Examination Materials

 4 Which of the following differential equations could this graph be a solution for?

𝑑𝑦
A. 𝑑𝑥
=𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑦
B. 𝑑𝑥
= −𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦
C. 𝑑𝑥
=𝑥+1
𝑑𝑦
D. 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑦2

5 If 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|), which of the following is true?

A. 𝑓 (𝑥) is odd
B. 𝑓 (𝑥) is even
C. 𝑓 (𝑥) is its own inverse function
D. 𝑓 (𝑥) passes through the origin

2 Zeta Examination Materials

 6 A team of 4 wins $2023 in prize money at a school competition. The money is divided, not
necessarily equally, and each team member receives an integer amount in dollars. The
member with the greatest share of the prize money is guaranteed to have won at least:

A. $505
B. $506
C. $507
D. $508

7 Which of the following graphs represents the curve parametrised by the equations 𝑥 = tan 𝑡
and 𝑦 = sec2 𝑡 for 𝑡 ∈ [0, 𝜋3 ]?

A. B.

(Ҭ3, 4) (Ҭ3, 4)

1 4
− ,
๖ Ҭ3 3๗

1
1

C. (−Ҭ3, 4) D.
3
1 4
,
๖Ҭ3 3๗
𝜋
1 4

(Ҭ3, −2)

3 Zeta Examination Materials

 8 Let 𝒂 and 𝒃 be two vectors such that |𝒂| + |𝒃| = 1 and |𝒂| ≥ 2|𝒃|. What is the maximum
value of 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃?
1
A. 3
2
B. 3
2
C. 9
4
D. 9

9 A particular monic cubic has three distinct integer roots, each with magnitude less than or
equal to 5, and an odd constant term.
How many such cubic functions are there?
A. 20
B. 40
C. 165
D. 330

10 In the diagram below, 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a trapezium with 𝑀 the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 45° and
∠𝐵𝐴𝑂 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 90°, and 𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 is a square.
Define the vectors 𝒂 and 𝒃, where 𝒂 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
𝑂𝑀 and 𝒃 is parallel to 𝑂𝐶

𝐴 𝑀 𝐵
45°
𝒂

𝐸
𝑂 𝒃 𝐶

Which of the following is an expression for the vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝐷?
A. 3 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝒃 𝒂 − 𝒂
B. 2 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝒃 𝒂 − 2𝒂
C. 𝒂 − 2 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝒃 𝒂
D. 2𝒂 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝒃 𝒂

End of Section I

4 Zeta Examination Materials

Section II
60 marks
Attempt Questions 11–14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in the appropriate writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

For questions in Section II, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE Writing Book

a) Define the vectors 𝒖 = (2) and 𝒗 = ( 1 ). Find:

3 −5
𝟏
i) 𝒖 + 2𝒗
𝟐
ii) proj𝒖 𝒗

2𝑥
𝑒 𝑥
b) Find ∫ 1+𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 using the substitution 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑒 𝟐

c) Find 𝑘 for which the co-efficient of 𝑥3 in (𝑘 + 𝑥)8 is 1792. 𝟐

𝑑𝑦
d) Find the specific solution to the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦2 𝑒𝑥 which passes 𝟐
through the point (ln 4 , 1)

e) The polynomial 𝑃 (𝑥) = 𝑥4 + 𝑎𝑥3 − 5𝑎𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑏 yields a remainder of −8 when 𝟑

divided by 𝑥 − 2, and a remainder of −11 when divided by 𝑥 + 1. Find the values of
𝑎 and 𝑏

f) Eleven friends are to sit at two circular tables for dinner. The first table can hold 7 𝟑
individuals, and the second table can hold 4.

How many ways can the friends sit down for dinner?

End of Question 11

5 Zeta Examination Materials

Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE Writing Book

a) Prove, using induction, that for 𝑛 ≥ 1: 𝟑

1 1 1 1 3 2𝑛 + 3
+ + +⋯+ = −
1 × 3 2 × 4 3 × 5 𝑛(𝑛 + 2) 4 2(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 + 2)

b) According to the recent Australian Health Survey conducted by the ABS, 7% of

Aussies suffer from moderate or severe Vitamin D deficiency.

A local council is considering launching a campaign to combat Vitamin D deficiency

in their LGA by encouraging residents to spend more time outdoors. A survey of 500
people from different age groups is conducted to determine whether the campaign
should go ahead. The results of the survey will be simple binary variables indicating
whether or not a person has moderate to severe VD deficiency.

i) Let 𝑋 be the number of survey participants who are found to have VD 𝟐

deficiency. Find the values of 𝐸(𝑋) and 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)

ii) What is the probability that 42 or more of the survey participants have this deficiency? 𝟐

You may use the information in the following table:

𝑷 (𝒁 ≤ 𝒛) for the standard normal distribution 𝑵 (𝟎, 𝟏)

𝑍 .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177

iii) Council decides that if the observed proportion of VD deficiency is more than 𝟏
two standard deviations above the nation-wide mean, then the campaign will go
ahead. Given that 42 of the survey participants were concluded to have VD
deficiency, will the campaign go ahead?

Question 12 continues on the next page

6 Zeta Examination Materials

Question 12 (continued)

c) A sample of radioactive material decays according to the differential equation

𝑑𝑄
= −𝑘𝑄
𝑑𝑡

Where 𝑄 is the quantity of undecayed radioactive material in grams, 𝑡 is the time in

years, and 𝑘 is a constant.
The original undecayed mass of the sample is 8 grams, and it decreases to 4 grams
after 127 years.
i) Solve the differential equation, and show that the sample’s decay is governed by 𝟑
the equation:
− 𝑡 ln 2
𝑄 = 8𝑒 127

ii) Find when the radioactive sample is 95% decayed. 𝟏

d) The graph of 𝑦 = cos−1 (𝑥 − 1) is drawn below. 𝟑

NOT DRAWN
TO SCALE

Sketch the graph of |𝑦| = cos−1 (𝑥 − 1), labelling all intercepts with the axes.

End of Question 12

7 Zeta Examination Materials

Question 13 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE Writing Book

a) Consider the equation 3 sin 𝜃 + 𝑘 cos(𝜃 + 30°) = 7

i) Write the left-hand side of this equation in the form 𝑎 sin 𝜃 + 𝑏 cos 𝜃, where 𝑎 and 𝟐
𝑏 are constants.

ii) Hence find the values of 𝑘 for which this equation has real solutions. 𝟐

b) A particle is launched from the origin with a velocity of 15m/s, at an angle 𝛼 to the 𝟒
horizontal, and lands at the same level from which it was launched.
Its motion is governed by the following equations:

𝑥 = 15𝑡 cos 𝛼
𝑦 = 15𝑡 sin 𝛼 − 5𝑡2

Find the range of possible values for 𝛼, given that it lands further than 20m from
where it was launched.

Question 13 continues on the next page

8 Zeta Examination Materials

Question 13 (continued)

𝑥
c) The graph of 𝑦 = 1+𝑥2 is drawn below.

The region under the curve from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 𝑡 is rotated around the 𝑥-axis to form
a solid

NOT DRAWN
TO SCALE

0 𝑡

i) If 𝑡 = tan 𝜃, write down an expression for sin 2𝜃 𝟏

ii) Using the substitution 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 show that the volume is given by the integral: 𝟑
tan−1 𝑡
𝜋
(1 − cos 2𝜃)𝑑𝜃
2∫0

iii) Use part i to show that the volume is given by 𝑉 = 𝜋2 (tan−1 𝑡 − 1+𝑡𝑡 2 ) 𝟐
iv) Hence find the limiting value of the volume as 𝑡 → ∞ 𝟏

End of Question 13

9 Zeta Examination Materials

Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE Writing Book

a) A population of mice is introduced into an enclosed area. The population varies

according to a logistic differential equation:

𝑑𝑁 1
= 𝑁(𝐴 − 𝑁)
𝑑𝑡 1000

Where 𝑡 is time in months, and 𝑁 is the number of individuals in the population.

Initially, 24 mice are introduced into the reserve which has a carrying capacity of
800.
i) State the value of 𝐴 𝟏

ii) Solve the differential equation, and hence find when the island reaches half its 𝟒
carrying capacity, to the nearest month.
You may use the fact that 𝑁1 + 800−𝑁
1 800
= 𝑁(800−𝑁)

Question 14 continues on the next page

10 Zeta Examination Materials

Question 14 (continued)

b) A secant passes through points 𝐴 and 𝑃 on the circumference of a circle with centre
𝑂, which has a tangent at 𝐵. The secant and tangent intersect at 𝑋. Label the
vectors 𝒙 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , and 𝒓 = 𝐴𝑂
𝐴𝑋 , 𝒃 = 𝐵𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , with 𝐴𝑃 = 𝜆𝐴𝑋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . It is given that 𝐴𝑃 ⊥ 𝑃𝐵
and 𝐴𝐵 ⊥ 𝐵𝑋

𝑃 𝑋
𝒙

𝐴
𝒃
𝒓
𝑂
𝐵

i) By considering the vector projection of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐴𝑋 onto ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 , or otherwise, show that: 𝟐
𝒙 ∙ 𝒓 = 2|𝒓|2

⃗⃗⃗⃗ onto 𝐴𝑃
ii) Similarly, by considering the vector projection of 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ (or otherwise) 𝟏
2
show that 2𝒓 ∙ 𝒙 = 𝜆|𝒙|

iii) By considering triangle ∆𝐴𝐵𝑋, show that |𝒃|2 + 4|𝒓|2 = |𝒙|2 𝟏

iv) Show that (1 − 𝜆)|𝒙|2 = |𝒃|2

𝟐

11 Zeta Examination Materials

Question 14 (continued)

c) The cubic polynomial 𝑃 (𝑥) has three distinct real roots 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾

i) How many stationary points does the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑃 (𝑥) have? 𝟏

ii) By considering the discriminant of 𝑃 ′ (𝑥) or otherwise, show that: 𝟑

𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 𝛾 2 > 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛼𝛾

End of Paper

12 Zeta Examination Materials