Linguistic Commentary on Luther’s Sendbrief vom Dolmetschen By C. J. WellsPAGES line 1 senbrel pitle, teal’ (NHIG Rundschcioen Seacbrebca), ‘cows to bea Inc rcteal erm. Pep loa ratation of Latin misio/ isso < miner Engi itive! Sine 3 Delmetachen racial sown in dat. cse afer vor: psy the indicates a double fn! which could be theo dt frm ofthe peruod, which docined in MIG vom dolmeachenne: The iil 8 may be Central Geran ffloence. “The werd dives mn form olan of the Mitani ngage, spoken 15-16 «. DCin Asa Minor, tenon to Teh mae/ Tiinode "a mediator between partes wo speak iron lnpusper. Ears in 13th cal vi Hungarian olmder asthe weak ‘oun tolmeteche, oa des tolmetichen. The lea sound-sabetttion, not phological sii ‘Ratan rtcen te form Dolnetoch, ba with rong pen. des Dolmetsches, wheress German sata bas Doinetichor; both Aso ‘Biexdsbave this form A107 doimetscher ‘Meaning used now ep. oe 'ral tenia Slept ater han Yrnsatr’ (Obersetze)- i view of L's aitade to trencaing, 7 utrreaton + ese So ind sppropeat spoken Federing» the word Siting! Tine 4 Fak Ave. Roskitl Bt The UO ea frequently chown apope nod oh ensision of uncressd el, which noords wel with podem German (Salects. Neto sho the forme pend ATent nnd grade B.Tet i ine 9. MubIG vorbie, vrbete~ eres. The church term ill Forbtecnkzn Dei x jemand, beside which thre is neo Firpache enegen bei. fr andthe mere metal Vemithng. Yemen b.. Tine Cirgleatigeen AToot Se Fratton the UG Tent, voce B shows en whi ive nto NO, Acsning she, Lather Neale eetegin The tubo i ptspniea: probably mercy toa he pain Proverbs 11 “He thal witch corn, the people hall eure ia but blessing (alli) wpon he Bead af i that salle (2 Games Version) Tie 10d ve one hl iae Sra aa ade but ba become a scparable vera pci its raed tothe oer verb pf: Can il be wed in oums oiled money se, tb tise wha igh ye innhalien~ pa, op Gotan) line 10 kool p~ a pide: MIO kere > komt : oad de B Tests kta Adclog give thie the USex and UG form, anit remus common in Gvete, Seiler. ‘Dpparetly gue ase Ler, es oot ‘goood a relative pronoun in modern Geman, 2 9 ae found beside der, wes, hough they ae ft tobe Biandard. line 11 verkonf BText the NG dialects bave mutated forme twoughowt:kufe, kei, gekeuft- DWE. Jn this case the UG form without tsnlaut goes into NHG. Fie ache shes pot vero im mod andar German tht hermes with forms in vor fine 11 voratehen, ie 23 ‘snare page Roe 2 voratana nnd vordeocht pine 29” ~in al 4 cases, the Bent shows ver eccasionally merged with Uc popenion au eacezorsichen amerbofen.A-Tedt hx ony 4 instances of ver, bit 3 ecarin Wencdans Licks eter! “The thr 86 occurences of words with he preg All ve er; B as only pot vor ‘ee Bech I, 36-42, dealing wiht unsiresed pec frm vor. ~ ver The frm vor scans to be cna and orbs tbs Binks {2 Eagle thesouthem Berm a vor Apparely, the Saxon Chancery, which Ler caimedio have followed, actually shows & Sih foo ore southern ver to mor Ysa ver. The might be expected: Charles V was not especialy inerstodin German mars, fd he chancery delines Be grow more provincial in Wenge p10 1520 ver predominates 1590-40. vor-fstwiceas common x r= 1540-46 yor‘ the rela form, ‘So, Jocks who the fore ith vor-in the Test ae ceral German forms nt found ia B ‘htedevtacte Leligrapse From he carly 1520 ct ofthe important Wittenberg printer, ncading Hana Lal, used ONLY ver, whic bas become the standard modern form. ‘Satis naggts te Saxon Cniccry might nt beso important for Luther afterall, sine itbas not passed on hs orm tis words, Ase aces of 8 fine 12 waste * sex yorcly ecthorrapical, or pura Vy analogy withthe verb sien, MHG tren line 14 geht - apology Hinds, bt od form peserved in pases: abhanden Lommen: vorhanden sin it -VO form: corrast MG D-Teat nicht the form occurs 13xin A beside 107x cht omen! wissen / eben past pst. without prefix ge. Some verb, noably kommen inden een bringen werden ther pps are "specie : Lome funder toffen brat worden - rom tie lar coms the pp. of the compound pas pasives ich bin parepen ‘Pach (1985) p.9 noes that the rene forms ae found in OHG. Further examples of massen wizsen accu p. 34 line 7 ‘Since the prefiales pp. in some cass Joos ike an infin, iis now clase as an Erstzinfitiv when tocar with dependent Infinitive in modera German: se DUDEN 1984 §31% =the affect the modal verte 4377, konnen, mPgenmssen,sllen, wollen td brouchen, ps xe eer vets of perception wich ive ben araced nto the poup; heen oven lassen. shen neh ‘ccasionally /thlenhefen machen ihren lernen - aly, wisien does seem to be one a he group in modern German: the pt rempe ‘Examples Br hat Komen mtssen x ane mich Foren biden /psheien (he bat ein Koln egenlsen hat das Fiber kommen fiblen ‘ev habe ihm das Auto vaschen belen ‘Seat gestern end kommen brea Torespect of geben Bach I (1985) §52.10 pp JOM nots that the prefs pp. ray be accounted fr by syncope in MH, net by aspect. Bach syst sw southern form, not found in OHG. Lather progesivly goes over to forms with ge Remember tht the ‘roice stoma fom Linck at Nomberg and my well show more UG inuence, {Note ls eliptical construction: omission of AUX tt in NHIG thi would be archaicining sys, reminisce ofthe ible, where Wer je hat malen Kinnen? wer je molen gckonnt Dowevey, just shee, ths practic was not followed in he casa prio eg Leming: ch wei, was hier verlorengegangen [und wanuen es fat} verlorengehen mister, daratbin ich toler ae ich aut alles bin was ich nei Pade} verlorengehen lassen‘warum everlorengchen gem. nit verioreigehen gelassen _verhnen - an sl mean ‘zrihalteorappret’- mil vrhaienon Lichsla ‘appcsing x smile erkeonte scien Zorn Ean vaiicn Fine 17 onder verms B sondern PAGES Tine ine line Tine 10 UC vers MG for, MHG sunder- then 2 ner adiion ie wel ~ NHG wll -in MHG die wile (accusative case) was an adverbial phate which became a Sonporal nj in ENHGand Iter ‘Fecame cat con. enue force can be ft hee too. replaces MHG wan ort daz “The itinetion betwen well and da in NIG ace variously deserved: enppfothen & Bp. 7 line 6 befohlen inthe ld seseofeptclen™. NB speling:B closer o modern standard Acouerto MING else 1 (0). vi. bafehen befell’ befilhen befohen. Prefix emp-< MHG ent-< OHG int an unctressod form of WG. *ando- (Gothic prep. an); the stressed form ofthe pete remine NG Antwret and das Ait = "visage? (MHC had forms antite/ ntite/-Dice the Lather Bible sews to have promoted the fom Antz) See Bach I (1983), 20, “Foe yelix MHIG ent changes o emp before 1 cL NHG empfongen empfinden empfehlen, bat Lex pists sow enflan ee, tbo! e does once write empfolen ins lee, this looks Hike noth: form he haa hime, given tothe standard lang Brharn = honcured’ “edeeroed’ typical epistolary Formula this ine. Tex Bhat x misiake Ebarn - we expect *erber alrady being wed to inca lng vowel? [Ne relainsp tothe vb, MOHG emptben befthen lan 3 abla try only lok he ste a8 [HG felen, but const thesuong and weak fms: efehen bteht belsl befbenbefolen elie eh_fele felon pet ‘buch. maswilighich in A teat Wheres the might be hse, Tine 4 Tine $ line 6 ine 10 line line 12 ‘southern dialects, the <> is probably snpy spurious the we of wmlaul was ected in southern Sales and Became abiy, ussite must be singular ee judge! ‘yh acka- Bea : ants baying Various learned jokes about teaching ‘Ses Latin or teaching thom to fead CE Dez Stricker, Pslfe re 181-305, and above all the 29th Hist inthe story of Tal Bulenspeyel - how he ticked the Retr of Eft univesity. Pung ous bereen the paper ofthe bock and interpreting the Hosw as ina Yor rilen «in sense both of bats and verre? Moers thier A versus gles thir B the form hs gone ino standard (German, tho’ in Austrian the form Nalne i sil common, ct Engh. PN Miler The frm with a isis, since the word ie Joan frm Latin < molinarue ‘The la noun mona > MEG wolen(e) the syncopated and specopaed form e regarded mpl anda new sng. ceed by ‘vactforation' from te pl hence nGle~ mln, the short vowel lenge, then inserted o show length, hence NHG Mle pl Manes "Te frm in B ries fom asiiation of’ > WV, ‘The word Bapeteset may be anew coinage by Luther - who inrodice several references othe ae sho apgrely srnties call the Pope ‘Sr fart ese 21 Rome’ Buch (1974) , 2. Amoog the anient Epps, the wa the animal seo with pity. In “her's day hs was true in the late pram school ofthe period. RH Bainion points out at the wort poplin elas, rhe pop ‘aug speaking German instead of atin was forced o wear an a mak and ealed the sin’ = "The tern pons asineroe! ‘ta. ‘elsieacke’~ rat used in school ithe laler MA ar ai rhaip Sr dificltext- by the 19th ck. mesa he wor fr- ‘word tame oftece.Soene stociations ofthe Kin ere too? Prove: given a Dudes, Sub a “Wer an den Weg bat hat viele Meister = Wer in OFfeaichet sts, wird beksielt See also Wander, under Bau no 44 [NB an den Wer: = motion + 22) Lather uses the vb. meister line 27 in the sense o tin? [NB the fer here is prob. gen pl, wed parively she infected ele Meter = Viel der Meise’ his constuction would be replaced ia NHG by the showeige denn > NHG peschweige dem = Yet sone. otto mention.” ‘Shortened fom MHG ich geen / eswic~ Iam silent The verb frm i then mizundertcod a 2 conjntion and becomes sesocited with co. den, tll sed in comparative contruction at his ine line 9 ie wien weniger den dee Milner ‘hier. ln NHG al ned with compartives, expt in cetain caver: i abe als Leber me pleat den ale Sable” - bt alo with, ‘comparisons with je ete sche ich mich mele ene je mach dom Sommer aller unger = th dnciple of ofthe’ MHC ie aller = on pl ofall + Prom. replaced in NHC by ies, Note the WO :pre- ostoned, or Saxon’ getive- properly enyin he instance a eepeiined posenive we efgen. nines Vaters Hane. Sacha ropesitined gen is net comes before a gen nou: ie. NOT ** Die Tor meine Vatrs Hance icstn zvey wert note the ld endingles pl, othe corse, ot frm of mameral zwei, The two pl, Werte! Werke notSine 13 Tine 14 Tine 1S et line ctalished wal Schotling, 1663, ‘Lins Generations - writen above St Mathews Gop the ix two words of he NT as 2 whol! The pes do even now how PS SFIS W tntac dunes Be retest: Te book one Onneraton of es Ohi Liter ove ranlaton wt ‘Gechesbresiie, ih Gaclest inthe ol meaning offal, Yedigee This was nie replaced ty Stenheu’ which was SES Sy cer Te let Poteet Geman revision, 1964 bas Jesu Stmbwum, bt passa totale f contents ou Hero und Gob. “Fad pester ws replaced by Ese and Bok in 1527 xo 1937 ar ese mczechony, sod where occur ia Peacay 1S Pater Ss pchece roi wh Kg in 1984 vernon they ave efocing er inet. = he MIIG foo: mth final was added tr, find od frm resins in hn Na Sa. twinkling, nati? ‘Mie » St Jerome (2. 340-420 AD); aad the ible into Latin version wich became known ath Vulgate whch SRE opsier ino ne tent in cetyl id ot bonne the acepted version of hecho church wi the Counc of ‘Trea Bh Ape 1346 afer Later’ death Xseplacd teri Lain versions Known athe Vetus Latina ‘Trane defesed hi view of earlting according Wo te sec and suvesorespet the iering nate of rox ofthe source lanes. ie waked wit Ate ne tne, inthe cx of be ral. he advocles the word for word approach, ine even the odeing of Sete ie ciaiioane for understanding te vine message (Ep. LVI, 5.2~ PL vl xs ol 971). He doc se to have followed ‘his ini oom Tesadicion ines easeforsense and wor fxverd onthe one hand and betwee his ther nnd ‘practice on the ober See W. Schwa: Picks ane Problems of Bical Tranlatin Chap. 117-44 tier war cer sre ote pons he adi com with Jane and also of ti diftrenes Probably alee wae ofthe dongenmed cen Jerome and Aogpsie in epet of Brunet from the bee sehuch _ovechen not steed inthe prover dictionaries. Lather ‘Saboraing on tbe Bible? Sab the apts unloosing Chriss shoes "MHG sohuoch > seluh nein nt pronouns > interpreted a length maker, bt final postion <> survives longer, a ere NBG shows ‘monaplihong and hata pL chine 5 ‘Back plI3: fade L doce finden sch vrcinae ese de hen ren. In wien, di sten in genicbenen texte mftrvten (lok sub) Komen dark ounderticeflrmen Ls rusk formen Dciflusst haben. Pebaps archaic and let ere? Ck modern Vieanese where Schock emsizs ing sod pL? nce gin ~ ‘leer 1 riety es tts fie, ibis the Vssche des Dolmewschen (1531) where the verb Lizeln appears ~Yo indulge in sophistry dex Roe : prover Yo do venting the wrong way re; Duden Sie now pes Ua rd bn See atm! Fe tog aphtcl Gleason of te wore fr hore interesting Robi now sour, ep, Ausu-Devaran, Gaul is Swabia Hengat/ Heat northern Inthe tandard language all hee forms occur but with tlic ifeentation: RoB~ Wee, ER UTES Pict Rody Gaal og Henge! = Malice ler th standard perce, was riially an EMG wage chuch._ wise = ot attested i the dictionaries of proverb. Fes L chsborated onthe bblcal sory of Jota the Bap, hei spoke of untying loosing Cait’ shor. is fet were wiped by Mary Magialea! MiG echo > NEIO Seth th medial was ct pronounced and 20 came to be fe as 2 eg marke. The spiral value of 2a savivcd lenge in ial potion, as ere NHG show both manopbthongization wd hats plural form Sete [T= ‘Bachit (1963) p53 aden {drucken finds ich vereazle reste de alyen fermen. In wOrer, dic cen in psciebenen texien has dlc, Schuh) Kner ark mundtice frmen Lz drvckonnen becinflusst haber = what the syst value hee? Tn ‘Se amuth eg Views, ochuech remains te sue in sp and plurl: isthe form hee als archaic? or dialectal? afer thet ~ sc ervor af - would now soget some positive ace singnished himself: prhage ervortce! would be mor appropriate? Ori Laing ironical? Nete the Sor thet apa iyec mth CMHC te < ONG ak - ete form scaly conned with he reo, indicative fhe defective verb: MUG {Bon 2 /Wien © OHG tuow ia tun, with aredoplcaling pret. 2g form: OHG 1a. FRE Te the os of inal fi in meee nabs in pte ke arabes rms heute. Such Joss was common, {Cental Gennan in MEG, and during ENHG tines twas especially common in E.Franconien andin EMG; itis also request in [NiO Unpangsaprache, farther reduced tofu Yin ee See Dach Il (1985) 562, 50 Some areas sow forms inn pant nous mite nein 6.Wine 31 fine 33 fine 34 line 35 line 36 PAGE 12 line ine ‘Sodig = Yocber, aber ibe ‘gest nous,» back-Sormatin om Yr sudeln ~ ‘work pooly,botch; UG guile, LG sodden, The oct of tis ver is found in [NH Soble~'s place wire wild animals wallow (x bunting ane Heervache,rrsein Waidmanneprache) alo in Sade = ssbblingsdaubing’ verb besudela Ther sz to be confusion with song verb Cals It: iden sO suten peste = boi, Yet with which ou word (Sule?) ‘vat not rgimally connected, and an aeat noun ENHG sel» Garkos, Laperkoc’ was formed foe thie second vers. CE MLO occlaye = whlechisr Koc, Lager, whence English ‘ner, modem Geman Suiekoch hows this confusion suse sill tinge the vb frome (~ MHG Lglgen in both text; cep. line 38. Probably inthe |B Print bh worde were homage ut nthe Nimbus Print A legen wa, pepe, al dpthoogal in ander: Brn ots in ‘exc: in MING this word bad two genders, mas. and neu, comequcaly, competing plural patcns wes: NHG Ort, Orter. Aes 1 Daniel Sanders" Sprackschnicipkiten inthe late 190 cemury,Orier seems mere commen, Orie mare poetic also8 Schider, Schild, "signs hil’ reqctvely, But DUDEN, Set eda. 1973, §418,p193 gives several secs ofthe word of ‘Stich the moat common ~ der Or “he plc’, iowa’ pl. ~ Ore, athemstical poss ar ‘geometrzche Ort das Orichen = “loo'= der Abort. ‘Finally, nue the foie form of adverb -allerorten =‘crerywber’, beside allerorts line 7 ose Smita menses eine ine 10 cin pagent A Prin, owe the eninge fom ofthe inde. sr, in, wheres B bas the nflected form cine fine 1. stelen = NHG stehln : <> ony bepioning te be used as ngs marker at his tie - nach more common Iniern WMG, 5 2 Frankf am Main printing houses line 13 rbeyt in MIG to forms ofthe word are tet, arebt, an he frm as hee, wih muta cansd by te following ‘Ta2e bee Peat Akt Gr 640, An. 12. The mated frm rooms tobe MC and is the one Lac comes ows exusivey, while ‘rebels UG, ted ty Laer fir thn ven up. Bats expresses reise th the mutated form has't survived into NHC: HEBech T1974) 269.70. Semantic change has cocurred, ine the MHG fons mean oi, above’, "eava (Fr. trovailler), ‘nufring’ and they cane to mean "wor ioe of werk", tsk. PAGE IZ SYNTAX, 1)Use of Sebjunctive line 3 "eo wits ache / wer yn allen been der dolmetachr ey" [NEG would we inicatie, tn MHG th subjunctive was vomcines used in vxicces containing in indizect question dependent crave of percaving arbere:schen Iwas no obligatory, bute we can india the speaker's Jou or te hypothetical mature of the content see Pub Moser Sete, Mh Gr, $368 12) Word Order: Separable prefixes Tine 9-10 pteuBgangen the perfect sary sin i ot placed athe ed fit cased introduced bythe temporal conjunction je bul ead before the pas paripe Rt qualiies [ND the ves gehen < MIG ga / eo < *gangan i a perfective verb amjbow ad therefore Goes requir the gesrefi he particle au is ‘EEG a ecparale pet whoweponontng in ordinal Sependet clauses isnt yet fed: ee in 12 au asen gchen ‘negsnmi~ MG pepen + det, now lakes he ace peraps by analogy withthe prepstion wider, ‘Govt ill aes pen + da. The werdet open der Menge Wenig sin” ast wae ia MING sree “rege, mg? Tine 5 ‘rannse ~"vaun, make ashow, mages: one of evra word which showed Hactuntio in their intial consonants Between p-/b- Jn MAG and ENHG: leo plerren Tinie used bth prongen nn brangen but prefers the former which seems o have hd p-eviginally he may have helped ‘Stablish it instead madera Gera, 2 HBach (2885) 3141. Copnate is Pram perhaps also Enishi” Tine 6 ‘Ewentzig-the MIAO fora shows diptaong: evens Ves menaphthongzed forms which sem charscteriic of MG diets Li's farm ay well eve mn his bows town of Marseh ‘Arepional form wis exis in Bavaria andthe WMG Francosian dialects -zwanig and this enters the andard language fom the 17d century oawards. nb 1530:-40s a sabe inthe Electoral Saxon Chancery, Hans Rudol! (orgie ‘unkown) i slready wang the form. Sse Ketan p.210, Hach I (1974) 210M, 21. ‘A: zotssen (eprint haa mistake: vis") shows the uncertainty inthe wse of parle pefses this period In ‘ac the ong of NHO ner or complex: There war an ld strenedSorm in OHG : zur (< PGi. "ts which Si ‘bt survive into MHG. stead weak form (OHO 22-72) become MHIG ze sand merge withthe prepositional forms, Sesanally to be replaced by au frm the MIUO adverb ano Inthe 16s entry the forme Zu, zoe ll oes, “Te form sm sser io be JAG, but the form 2er- survives into NH, perhaps a part of fale vision of verbs Like ‘peseben 7 ner-rellen, perhaps a part fen allempt 0 Separate the prefixes fig the proposition za. ‘Note the analogous Cheucerin form Yo-este = Yorn to pices. See sso WA 34".371.2Tine 72 = ek Feminine decknsbon of «short ot hypocasti form of the mame Mechdld. roast be weed to man's young gi, nd is ichow Lrepuarly uses even ofthe Virgin Mary. The words nested inthe sense Were’ as ary as 1418, The sng refered 10 oust have been a popular fuse, now ks. Note the alternating fons "var Zwentig jure lines 5-6 and Yur sben jer lnes 7-8 line 8 ‘isn contrat for (ekthipes) of MIIG a.nd thé NHG ciserm derives torn an alerative MHG formation seria "The fre ound ere sl used bythe wrx Logan the 17h ear” eisne Ze “Ths prove isnot tested inthe coleson by Thiele and Wander line 10 ‘mcpler, sce lin 7 plerren the gerund or verbal noun frm. These words come fiom MHC bléren, and MHG, ENHG ferme show fctstion in nial consonant beeen pb. The frm geplerre would he Hera in NHC compared with colloquial fore in-{ereks ‘Geschiede, Geant, Getet, beside SchieBerel, aul’, \Wihtighuee, it drives fra neuer Jt forms in OHG with coletvizingg-prefic Translate hee at lating around (7 compared wih ally plerren’ bleaing (7) NHG Uat (xiney)~ bidken, bide onnize- despte te fnal- an edges rong adj Form Dad, but the old meaning persis in NHC schlecierdngs ~posively, absolutely: schlachthn, scMechowe Simply, pinyin any cate and in shlech und recht ~plin and honest SendBric? line 13 ‘simplton’, upper’, "die? “ added to show length Kih/Kshe,cre fine 1 ferzenomen immer mir? elgcs "Ten difference, A: warm se ene rede epibt = begeben = NHG comenesial~ place o the market, ase? 1B: wenn sich ene rade begibt~ NHG sich Begeben =o come fo pss? ‘Bath meanings sem o be post medieval note the the meanings: si0h begebon + ex. = "io enounce =v vp ich begeben= “to baake ool? line 13 ‘der man ens bekenet = pea pl: ‘ol which one aces one but denis te other” brouchen instead of gebrachen takes the genitive objec asin MIG where cen means Yo enjoy, elit from! Fine 16 gets = old ps participle of MG exer, NHO peresten i new, plonssti oration fre tne MHG verb geczon = ving pec ge “+ exzen, Difco distinguish he to verb in MHYG semantically, bath sed equally of people and saimals-geczen presumably srnchow a more ilensive form than e=en. fn in MIG the adctve gj was ted a pp. othe simplex er, eg [Meler Helmbret ine 1605: ht a= texte, beside gepr Tine 18 yn teglichen beach A; jan tegichem B: shows a change of intace. ~ n+ dat oth wee posible in MLIG without being, Tegulaed nto ce. for motion, dat for ste: metaphorical wage was anyoray Giffclt to categorize. The MG form of B becomes standard ths et phrase ook old ba tot found in MAG. fine 3 aut for Taue cts haplolgy line 28 iim hause another ethogrphical problens fr the pistr: he pronosinal forms were disingushed by lng of vows fom the _repostooal ens (-in + dem) This could be regularized in many way, he modern language uses to dow engin, tm, ‘hnen ee; Hane Lal printer af mest Lather bibles at Witeoberg wolfe he promos and n,n fr te prepoeions at Later himself seems NOT tous hs device, so this is frter igh evidece forthe case Ua the printers and Lathes die Fine 29 ds mol < MIG milf) in NHO the word isa vulgar term for ‘mouth nd also forthe mouths of animals (oposite: Engl. maw (of gee i) Mile? psp ofthe town, tole (of reali ilen) = Ye moan rumble. The werd sens to nae meas atalivene’ ab as wel a oi, but was opera, o pejorative a host: is common in 17-180 erty, andi sed by Fras Gotsced in Dez Wing, The dmiutive Mavlchot = ke, erally 'puckerng oh i. line 32 ‘Als wens Cis - King James Bible: St Math, XI,34 Sox out of the abundance ofthe heart the mouth spake; ‘take Vi 45 Yr ofthe abundance of the heat his mouth pee line 37 ‘ep se herein MHG acse ~ les; denncausalcojunction and dan tporal adver sl erate a this period and were nok regaled wil the 184 centr. ‘The wse of denn inthe tonjuactina”phuase ‘es sei dem dab ill common and dena can occasically be used in comparisons, although it always sounds sted «eit als Leber angenehmer dem als Vater to seal ere woul be unasoeptble colloquial (ut suttandard) German would use wie. The ohograpical incon, associated with engl, between the tse dem with one and the conjunction denn wis 0 s gradually gained the upper hand inthe 16th entry. ln these is eems of dena wit single > graphy ~ purely erboophic variant ‘hich remaos trical in rome words (nen, That ein the 1% century ands june in a ew frsiga words of Grasco-Lain ‘proveonnce (Paros, Thynian —Ujrod) See H.Bach (1985) 2545. Tine 19 ‘hale thi wae s MIG weak noun which bas been eit in NHG by levelling the final -n of elgue ca inthe momiatve and Tring dieng pon Schodens and emutated purl Schiden. The 01d peminative rennin fosslized in eo phwse sist Shades esbere The weak socuntiv sp achaden oor ia ine 22: the double in Print Ais not significant. tine 24 ‘erchbien- the form without Una nA 2 C may show Rca he abverption afte ending en hapolog. Poasbly Prat C, with verschuten has the correct version: Mary Magdalea did nat ‘ne the umguent by pouring it eth onto Chris fat: but perhaps this i just the aeration of ver vor-7 Tine29 Seloier vo elds two constructions with vol: ctr + acc im appesition, o witha parttive genitive. In NHG the pei "ed mainly with an adjective: sin FaB vol poten Wein? ie 30 beldelige- Emer jected to this as being too physical se the extract fom AB was ind und una. inthe Bisco ee. of ‘Sendbcefp 38 "Tevtaches Ltr diss wort auf gu buletschndalich gst seye da holdalig. wiewol mo gratis weylen ‘ech bul Rey ods unst de ee bey des lowe haw rains bolscig soba doch der engel hint pret von ‘rencilicbe bul. soder vn der gatd poe. vd Masia dc ex vd wird / ds se werden sl cin mtr gts. it x0813 ‘mensciicherholdcikeyt /sodkr nu goes genaden pbalt Drhalbn wir i orn ds holdectge /sonder Yl enaden on! hte. Lats nk Cli ton of paces ching puedo aor bed al en aiing, dese -pshape a mistake a A? D bs the istricaly correct form dente < MING deste < OHG des da, where dia he ol intrest ‘as of the article. Nosker already has form testo i ate Alemamnic, an posi the fre spread fom thee, alo forms wih old gen plural lice Tar, Dero i tiles ee Ihre Derchancht ‘Altematively The NHG desto probably aded-o by analogy with several archaic chancery forms cf tee lire lets seme to ‘bave happened in the 15-16 cxatury. ‘According to Hach I (1983) 61 Luther sometimes ac form dester with he iar add Som a fowing comparative, wt dere. For the ue oflnsrumental ct Eng the mere the merce tine 31 ‘ole. cognate with English ‘al hare shows ld meaning nds Ep. 20line | toben und rasen and Tollwat =tabie; colloquially ithas come to mean supe, splend, "similar development othe poplar English ema of adulation: eazy, Nd ce line 57 He olla sch ernst haben - a MEG construction lose 1 English would have hanged: NHG ~ ten sch rena mitsca? ‘OR hie ih ret ‘In MHG there were two weak vert: hengen and « mer intensive form henen, bth meaning Yo hang 3.0 in moder German Bingen does fer both earings be hanging and shang 30h, bl & ‘onjupae tong ce weak scordingly. But of. "er Henker, Tleersmablz” {fur grosseranduct mu ~ au Schirmer fie PNB the we of Far as vor, which explains the dative case, Original meaning ofandach waste chanocling of thoughts toa defi end, it had had eipous connotations snc the 10h conta. PAGE20 Tine 3-4 cade, sondern - MH prepsition = under ‘Without; the conjunction sondern i originally EMG and brosdened ite sere under Lathes in ‘he 16th ext. UG und WMG (cp. High Alemannic and Middle Franconia) keep runcer,sonder oni late 1h cetary, hence ‘he Prin A form: cf abo PAGE 24 line 5 both exis line 4-5 ch wl i weder sehen noch hiren the Is gen dependent upn a nepalive ccrstruction (weder-noch), an MHG wher i en ‘ook purhive peiive:Trsan Whit vant nde ach en/ un mocte sn doch it gestae? ed PE,Gara 103578 line 11 Img. ge -B text shows preservation offina-; A het Upper German apocope. Not meaning = cu: ill retin thie mening inthe south nd in standard German vermogen daa ieabee tine 14 als ‘inhis capacity e:"Fe,Tconsder St Luke, a» mater af the Oreck language, wanted (-perfectsohnctve habe ellen tretfen/ geben) to render acouately and clearly the Hebrew word which the ange used by the Gresk kechartomend” Ebrescher- here were doublet forms in MHG with and without ;e.p MHG hEbrdise, Ebréis;B shows the frm without <-> ‘whic came tobe the one Lather normally sod Bach I (1585) 228; Abas both cf line 29 line 24 eh MHG ite - adverbial function = spl’? eipinal meaning ~ tmp, ure coud also be endings adjective form wed in the plural NB wort shows stil the MHG declan p= dia wort Fine 31 nd, saga the A tot sean to show a peibly MC monopthongized frm of MIG maget > mad (-vocalized medial /g), the eat Sipitbong being monophongized > mad; apparel, the mame of he towm hlapdcbure was pronounced ar Madeborcin MG. In [NIG thee poetic dphongal form remain ine Maid beside Magi, According tote WA 639 f3 medic gna ns found i Later, 20 it might be an roe fr nialich which i - ut print © abe bat medlch, which makes les sense than nledlich in core. ‘The B print has nlelich = ‘sakening desi’ ie = Lat desirablit. H.Bach I (1985) 272 note tha niedlich tone of ace woe OG mot mass = dese’ of the Ktnenerger rope ® "al ich pvite mich si [Now the meaning has changed to prety, oer,» word found more often in north Germany today14 PAGE 20 ine 33. rose = proatd ? Omitedmacron over vowel? line 34 ‘Sel onl The A printer may be rendering the sounds ois inlet, UG rising snd backing of & 7 SY MH form was wit ‘Otter words show this ngs, exp. afer weg, NH ‘wo (MIG wl ‘Argecha! MIG aren, butaloo before mal MEG dne> NH ofne ef PAGE 22 line 3 on fiae37 tae prhape vied aghast erat =r foe finiser —apatto ENG lade net uot fic 1200 acing to Kags (1967) 76; egal « LS word (MIND nde which st. itt red he German langunge wih an ws UC (igh Gena) equal i zodel= ak, age? (Wotan). Lubes waFincon (hats 20,26) bs to be ose int UG pens by sefon,nochreden, bean cE below PAGE 26 lin 34 strafen line ‘Muah ein ase! Fes ‘2 iden ~n peace, fom an old weak noun MHG orde, two Sorms ow exist in NHG : der Fede - te more arcsic/ poetic orm, and der “Preden, the normal for. Note the spelling: fate Aten the graphy isnot used o indicate lengthened wows in ope ‘ite, peeauably beonse in UG at NOrmber the photic valve of ie was sl diphthongal compare also den in A301 sod “Tiere in hand PAGE 22 line 13 vl=A: el = B, BUT contrast versiegelt (oth ets) 190. = MHG versigelt i idicher thie a MG form : Liber also writes lich, “EMG lngeliche There were two main developments of MIIO forms with the diphthongal particle ie: (@) inthe case of MHG temer,niemer,fergen, tbe vowel monoplthongized andthe shrtcned before anal or consonants ‘huderto give NHG immer, nner, irgend (@) dare was weit ef cect he ater puto he werd or group, wih corresponding si ofsylabe boundary and Cretan of einai 7 consoania i ence MHG legeliche, emen, > NHG feglich,femand, aod abo je, jedoch, Jems, jedoch, ett de. ‘Modern German prefers (in jeder and jegich i archaic. jar firmala of deparar Ye wolf Griese DWE TV, 2, 225% Jade, tandates ws 'ich nicht darum kenmer'-becansea good year you dog have te. wonry about he crop, they bok afer themachves. Here its wsed rnically, aa curse NBem, w= dal of te pronoun used reflesively ae replaced by ‘he te. form sich. PAGE line ‘ein fieche peareca fn NH a0 unacceptable / substandard double negative, bu a MHG kein was postive any aswell at negative “Seer fo etc the delensional pater: we shoulda expect na unelected form in the poral line ‘ele - coin of nail denomination mined at Schwbnch Hall ince 1208 :denarius Hollnss orn MHG Holler pfenine /Hallare fine 10 ‘tint ~Wcbase,omeaned? Exh sia 1205 inthe Wetern, in den yropheteon zu Worms verdeutschet - This was theeiton of Ludwig Her and Hane Denck, ranaton ofthe Prophets which ‘appeared in 1527 athe piling house of Pec Schofin Worms. Both these men were ansbaptiss (Wiedertuer) and at ‘Trinitarian. Lather own rarslation ef this part ofthe Bible appear wai 1333, He wrote to Wenccaaue Linck in May 1527: Tropes veracula donate Warman nen conten, nisi quod Germanismus obscrir ext, fre natura ius repioni,Feoeint Aligetiany, quis autem omni angst?" don't dismiss tbe Props dove into the vernacular at Worms xcept that he Geman is & bi obscure, posiy because ofthe hae oft area They showewd Sligence, bl whoever succeed in everything?" So is judgment om his predeoewors vas fly PAGE 24 Sine | aden oth prints show mutated forms: a O1G there were two pairs fr hs losuwerd fem Lain Judaeus, one according tothe fan-stem ‘weak nowss (OH fudeo) the other sritfirward ante, possibly becuse of sociation withthe Latin frm, whence the ‘common MBG form ude. Central and nonher lets tend to show the mutated forms, s here line 7 -< MIG houbet < ONG howbit; the MG tnt shows characterise preference for Ula, miei the UG pint (A) ‘Smiley, UG aun vere MG texfen and alo PAGE 26 line 3: UG text verlangnen verse MG erleugnen €MHG veriougenen, where the MG form persist into the moder standard. Generally, te gp Cau> seems ‘be ef UG and E-Franconian provenance, EMG areas had cou>, but Lather progressively adops the aouther(7) cau> tine ‘shit thie, a alo line 17 abschnet,haplology ecthipeis) ‘MIG scnader (c alo Lou fr late line 22}, NOT the od prt. of clase Iver ‘The term abeanidunge in MIIG ~ preci loa anf. line 10 _Stompel fom Latin ximere ~hernusyift, used for modern Oca “Betspiel< MHG Bap. The word appeared in MHIG since the 13th ex, alo the bai for Exemplar = wed frm copy of ook, afr he izoduction of printing, Tine 1816 ‘da - adv. ~planly, NIIG nit tren Wore line 31. The UG tetas shows the form without mutation. ine 19 ede A print mistake sce B line 23 ‘Kees ute war -old pra o€MIIG neu werk the strong nective ending the MHGG patie, NHG would bave weak guten afer ein. ‘Similarly the we of the strong form afer pesca PAGE 26 line 8 durch gute werck~ ire pea Werke? line 25 ‘Sows dem fs -an ronal rato the Yas volpenden' wih teen of grace being poured down on man. tine 36 ‘erwOrR, veri UG tet har rong fr /, probably reinforced ty sesocision with noun wu schlecht = sehlici tple vera deed? tine 37 ‘Paul $647: quite regcetly «final 4 added tothe ening of cesin werd when these lacked any cureatgrammatica function, mls [NUIO slic Semed Stem the adverialgeiive oles. In MHG selp= substantive and adj declined both tong ad weak : seber selbe, Paul $151 AS. PAGE 26 line ‘Ban B print ~ NHG ‘el den Romer = Romans ID, §: The Este to the Romans. The printer of A kept tothe abbreviation fom the Latin bible the print modernized and Gemmanied aught te is bok of the bible ow known asthe Romer. tine2 ‘Snstien pews ae above, PAGE 22 line 36; Daniel Poser in his 1740 eda thinks this mst refer to one ofthe ents or bert, ke “Thomas Mazer, Nicolau Starck, Max tthe, perhaps even Andreas Carsadt L agnes thant booms rome poople misnierpret there sno ens ofify what St Paul mid, ine [Lisher = My dear man: aes the recipe fis fictive ater herp Kluge: arger in iba languige it come to mean num Bien vrlasey ‘Ando repent = Yo cause offcoe. Argerich cose in ia Norberg in 1482 inthe verse ‘tandalow. Here it seems to mean Vake umbrage. Siofen re = stumble! (MIG ‘Sten der Arto = stumbling Bock’ Tine 11 lest ~bere as elsewhere ued inthe senze Yllows fon’,a meaning wich t didnot sem to have hain MENG; obviously «word ‘omitbe school Tine 13-14 sabe present mbjonctive in aes clause, MHO wsnge tine 16 ‘Sah speren “to oppose! was aed later a length marker the Soren MO "gene alested since the 14th century, see Kluge (1967) 239; tbo PAGE 30 line 26 ferlcher < MHG varlich: Luther nocmaly vee Se(hrilek, NH peach Cf, the rare NHL fom Fadi Fine 20 asicatone -Sngment of thi trac ruviv, see WA 30,2, p6S20