COMPUTER

B.s ISL Comp-201 3rd semester Solved papers by (CR-AWAIS)

(2022) SHORT Q
Q1:-What are the common uses of table and why ?
Ans:- HTML tables and CSS tables serve different purposes,
although they both involve organizing content in a tabular format.
Here are the main uses for each:
**HTML Tables:**
1. **Tabular Data:** The primary use of HTML tables is to
display tabular data in a structured format. This includes data
such as financial reports, product listings, schedules, and
survey results.
2. **Forms:** HTML tables are used to create layouts for HTML
forms. Table cells can contain form elements like input fields,
checkboxes, radio buttons, and buttons, making it easier to
align and organize form elements.
3. **Accessibility:** HTML tables can enhance accessibility by
providing a clear and organized structure for content. Screen
readers and other assistive technologies can navigate tables
more effectively, improving the user experience for people
with disabilities.
**CSS Tables:**

1. **Layouts:** CSS tables, created using CSS properties like

`display: table`, `display: table-row`, and `display: table-cell`,
 are used for creating layout structures. This approach is
known as CSS table layout, where HTML elements are
styled to behave like table elements.

2. **Responsive Design:** CSS tables can be used to create

responsive layouts that adapt to different screen sizes and
devices. By combining CSS media queries with CSS tables,
developers can create flexible and fluid layouts that adjust
dynamically based on the viewport size.

3. **Grid Systems:** CSS tables can be used to create grid

systems for arranging content on web pages. This is
especially useful for designing complex layouts with multiple
columns and rows.

In summary, HTML tables are primarily used for displaying tabular

data and creating form layouts, while CSS tables are used for
creating layout structures, responsive designs, grid systems, and
equal-height columns. Each serves its purpose in web
development, depending on the specific requirements of the
project.

Q2:- Define tag and href with one example?

Ans:- TAG :- In HTML, a tag is a predefined keyword surrounded
by angle brackets ("<" and ">") that defines how content should
be displayed or structured on a web page. Tags are fundamental
building blocks of HTML documents and are used to create
elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, and more.
For example, the <h1> tag is used to define a top-level heading in
HTML.
Href:- The href attribute is used within anchor <a> tags to specify
the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of the link destination. It
stands for “hypertext reference.” The href attribute is essential for
creating clickable links on web pages.
Here’s an example of an anchor tag with the href attribute:
<a href=https://www.example.com>Visit Example Website</a>

Q3:- What are the two types of storage in HTML?

ANS:- In HTML, there are two primary types of storage
mechanisms:

1. **Session Storage:** Session storage stores data temporarily

during a browsing session. Data stored in session storage is
available only for the duration of the page session, which ends
when the browser window or tab is closed. This storage
mechanism is useful for maintaining state information within a
single browsing session, such as user preferences or temporary
data.

2. **Local Storage:** Local storage allows data to be stored

persistently on the user's device even after the browser window or
tab is closed and reopened. Data stored in local storage remains
available until explicitly removed by the user or cleared by the
web application. This storage mechanism is commonly used for
storing user settings, cached data, and other persistent
information across multiple browsing sessions.

Q3:- Difference between static and dynamic web pages?

Ans:- Content Generation: Static pages are pre-built and served
as-is, while dynamic pages are generated dynamically in
response to user.
requests.Interactivity: Static pages are fixed and offer limited
interactivity, while dynamic pages can be interactive and respond
to user.
input.Flexibility: Dynamic pages allow for more flexibility in
content customization and user interaction compared to static
pages.Maintenance: Static pages may require manual updates to
change content, while dynamic pages can automatically update
content based on database changes or user interactions.
In summary, static web pages provide fixed content that does not
change frequently, while dynamic web pages offer interactivity
and personalized content tailored to user needs. The choice
between static and dynamic pages depends on the website’s
requirements, content, and functionality

Q5:- How to create link that will connect to another web when
clicked?
Ans:- To create a link that connects to another web page when
clicked, you can use the HTML `<a>` (anchor) element along with
the `href` attribute to specify the URL of the destination page.
Here’s how to create a basic link:
```html
<a href=https://www.example.com>Click here to visit Example
Website</a>
```
In this example:
- `<a>` is the anchor element used to create a link.
- `href` is the attribute that specifies the URL of the destination
page.
- `https://www.example.com` is the URL of the web page you want
to link to. Replace this with the actual URL you want to link to.
- `”Click here to visit Example Website”` is the text displayed as
the link. You can change this to whatever text you want to appear
as the clickable link.
When a user clicks on the link, it will navigate them to the
specified URL in a new browser tab (or the same tab, depending
on browser settings).

Q6:- What are the pros and cons of static WWW?

Ans:- **Pros of Static Websites:**
1. **Speed:** Static websites are usually faster to load because
there is no server-side processing or database queries involved.
2. **Simplicity:** They are easier to create and maintain, making
them a good choice for simpler projects or when quick
development is needed.
3. **Security:** Static sites are generally more secure since
there’s no database or server-side scripting that can be
vulnerable to certain types of attacks.

**Cons of Static Websites:**

1. **Limited Interactivity:** Static websites are less interactive
and dynamic compared to their dynamic counterparts. They may
not provide features like user logins, personalized content, or real-
time updates.
2. **Scalability:** Managing content becomes challenging as the
site scales, and manual updates are required for every change.
3. **Complex Content Updates:** Making frequent or large-scale
content updates can be cumbersome as each page may need to
be manually edited.

(2021)

Q1:- What is selector ? Types of selector in CSS?

ANS:- A selector in CSS is a pattern that is used to select and
apply styles to one or more elements in an HTML document. It
defines which elements the CSS rules will affect. By using
selectors, you can precisely define which elements you want to
style and how you want them to appear on the webpage.
There are several types of selectors:
 1. **Element Selector**: Selects elements based on their
element type, like `p` for paragraphs or `h1` for headings.

2. **Class Selector**: Selects elements with a specific class

attribute, denoted by a period followed by the class name,
like `.example`.

3. **ID Selector**: Selects a single element with a specific id

attribute, denoted by a hash symbol followed by the id name,
like `#example`.

4. **Attribute Selector**: Selects elements based on their

attributes, like `[type=”text”]` to select input elements with
type “text”.

5. **Universal Selector**: Selects all elements on a page,

denoted by an asterisk `*`.

Q2:-What are the different properties of background in CSS?

Ans:- In CSS, the `background` property is used to set various
background properties for an element. Here are some of the
different properties you can use with `background`:

1. **background-color**: Sets the background color of an

element.
 2. **background-image**: Sets one or more background
images for an element.

3. **background-position**: Sets the initial position of a

background image. It can be specified as keywords (`top`,
`center`, `bottom`, `left`, `right`) or in length units or
percentages.

4. **background-size**: Sets the size of the background image.

It can be specified as a length, percentage, or one of the
keywords (`cover`, `contain`).

Q3:- What is span and div tag in html ? Explain with one
example?
Ans:- In HTML, `<span>` and `<div>` are both container elements
used to group and style content.

- <span>:- The `<span>` element is an inline container

typically used for styling or applying CSS to a specific
section of text within a larger block of content.

- <div>:- The `<div>` element is a block-level container

used to group larger sections of content or elements
together. It’s often used to create layout structures or
apply styling to groups of elements.
Example:- span
<p>My mother
has <span style="color:blue">blue</span> eyes.</
p>
Example :- div
<html>
<head>
<style>
.myDiv {
border: 5px outset red;
background-color: lightblue;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="myDiv">
<h2>This is a heading in a div element</h2>
<p>This is some text in a div element.</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>
Q4:- Difference between abstraction and Encapsulation in
java language?
Ans:-
Abstraction Encapsulation

• Abstraction solved the • Encapsulation solved the

problem In design level.
• It is used for hiding data
and giving relevant data.
• Abstraction outer layout is
used in term of design.
For Example:-
Outlook if a mobile phone like
it has a display screen and
keypad to dial a number.
problem in the
implementation.
• It is used for hiding the
code and data into a
single unit to protect the
data from outside world.
• Encapsulation inner
layout is used in term of
implementation.
For Example:-
Inner implementation of a
mobile phone like how keypad
and the screen are connected
each other with the circuit.

Q5:- What is static WWW and explain the pros and cons of
static WWW?
Ans:- Static WWW typically refers to a website that consists of
static web pages. These pages are fixed and do not change
content based on user input or interactions. They are pre-built and
served to users as-is, without any server-side processing or
database queries. This simplicity makes them fast, secure, and
easy to host, but they lack dynamic functionality compared to
dynamic websites.
 Pros:
1. **Performance**: Static sites are usually faster because
there's no need for server-side processing or database queries.
2. **Security**: With fewer moving parts, there are fewer
vulnerabilities to exploit, making static sites generally more
secure.
3. **Scalability**: They can handle high traffic volumes without
needing to scale servers or infrastructure.
4. **Simplicity**: Building and maintaining static sites is often
simpler and requires less technical expertise.
5. **Cost-effective**: Hosting static sites can be cheaper since
they don't require as much server resources or maintenance.

Cons:
1. **Limited Functionality**: Static sites are less dynamic; they
can't process user input or generate content on-the-fly like
dynamic sites can.
2. **Updates Require Republishing**: Making changes to a
static site often involves republishing the entire site, which can be
cumbersome for large sites.
3. **Not Ideal for Complex Applications**: If your website
requires user authentication, dynamic content generation, or
complex interactions, a static site may not be the best choice.
4. **SEO Challenges**: Dynamic content can be better for SEO
as it allows for more customization and optimization based on
user behavior.
5. **Content Management**: Managing content on a static site
may require more manual effort compared to dynamic content
management systems.

Overall, the suitability of a static site depends on the specific

needs and goals of the website.

Q6:- How java provides database connectivity using JSP ?

ANS:- In Java, JSP (JavaServer Pages) can provide database
connectivity through various methods, commonly using JDBC
(Java Database Connectivity). Here's a basic overview of how it
works:

1. **Import JDBC Library**: In your JSP file, you import the

necessary JDBC library to interact with the database. This is
typically done using the `<%@ page import %>` directive.

2. **Establish Database Connection**: You use JDBC to

establish a connection to your database. This involves providing
the database URL, username, and password.

3. **Execute SQL Queries**: Once the connection is established,

you can execute SQL queries to retrieve, insert, update, or delete
data from the database. This is done using JDBC's `Connection`,
`Statement`, and `ResultSet` objects.
4. **Process Query Results**: After executing a query, you
process the results returned by the database (if any) using the
`ResultSet` object.

5. **Close Database Connection**: Finally, you close the

database connection to release any resources and ensure proper
management of database connections.

(2019)

Q1:- How do you create link to sections within the same web
pages ?
Ans:- To create links to sections within the same web page, you
can use HTML anchor tags (`<a>`) combined with the `id`
attribute to specify the target section. Here’s how you can do it:

1. **Set IDs for Sections**: Inside your HTML document,

assign unique IDs to the sections you want to link to. For
example:
```html
<h2 id=”section1”>Section 1</h2>
<p>This is the content of section 1.</p>

<h2 id=”section2”>Section 2</h2>

 <p>This is the content of section 2.</p>
```
2. **Create Links**: Create links that point to these sections
using the `href` attribute with the ID prefixed by a `#`. For
example:
```html
<a href=”#section1”>Go to Section 1</a>
<a href=”#section2”>Go to Section 2</a>
```
When a user clicks on these links, the browser will scroll to the
corresponding section within the same page.

Q2:- Write an html table tag sequence that outputs the

following:
150 pcs 1100 1500
110 pcs 15 150 ?
Ans: Here’s the HTML table tag sequence for the given output:

```html
<table>
<tr>
<td>150 pcs</td>
<td>1100</td>
 <td>1500</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>110 pcs</td>
<td>15</td>
<td>150</td>
</tr>
</table>
```
Q3:- How do you create link that connects to a web page
when clicked ?
Ans:- To create a link that connects to a web page when clicked,
you use the `<a>` tag in HTML. Here's the basic syntax:

```html
<a href="URL">Link Text</a>
```
Replace "URL" with the actual URL of the web page you want to
link to, and "Link Text" with the text you want to display as the
clickable link. For example:

```html
<a href="https://example.com">Visit Example</a>
When a user clicks on "Visit Example," they will be directed to the
web page specified by the URL.

Q4:- What are the two storage use in html?

Ans:- In HTML, there are two main types of storage:

1. **Local Storage**: This type of storage allows web

applications to store data locally within the user's browser. The
data persists even after the browser is closed and reopened. It
can be accessed using JavaScript through the `localStorage`
object.

3. **Session Storage**: Similar to local storage, session

storage allows data to be stored locally within the user's
browser. However, the data is only available for the duration
of the page session. Once the user closes the tab or window,
the data is cleared. It can also be accessed using JavaScript
through the `sessionStorage` object.

Q5:- What is the difference between Final, finalize and finally

as per java ?
Ans:- In Java, `final`, `finalize()`, and `finally` serve different
purposes:

1. **`final`**: This is a keyword used to declare constants,

variables, methods, or classes. When applied to a variable, it
means the variable's value cannot be changed. When applied to a
method, it means the method cannot be overridden in subclasses.
When applied to a class, it means the class cannot be
subclassed.

2. **`finalize()`**: This is a method defined in the `Object` class in

Java. It's called by the garbage collector before an object is
reclaimed by the garbage collector to perform cleanup operations.
However, it's generally recommended not to rely on `finalize()` for
resource cleanup because its execution timing is not guaranteed.

3. **`finally`**: This is a block of code used in exception handling

in Java. It follows a `try` block and is used to define code that
should always be executed, regardless of whether an exception is
thrown or not. It's typically used for cleanup operations like
closing resources (e.g., file handles, database connections)
whether an exception occurs or not.

(2018)

Q1:- Difference between div and frame tag in html?

Ans:-
• <Div> tag is a generic container element for grouping and
styling in an html document.
• <Div> tag is just gorgeous the grouping in the system.
 • <Div> tag is used to group block-element to format them
with CSS.
• <Frame> tag is used to specify the web that will be
displayed in that frame. It is used within <Frameset> tag.
• <Frame> tag is used to sub divide the page.
• Each <frame> in a <frameset> can different attributes, such
as border, scrolling, the ability to resize etc.

Q2:- Does all html elements need a opening and closing tag?
Give a suitable example?
Ans:- No, not all HTML elements require both opening and
closing tags. Some elements are self-closing, meaning they don't
have any content and can be closed with a single tag. Here's an
example:

```html
<img src="example.jpg" alt="Example Image">
```
In this example, the `<img>` tag is self-closing. It's used to embed
images into a webpage and does not require a separate closing
tag.
Q3:- What are the CSS processors and why do we use them ?
Ans:- CSS preprocessors are tools that extend the functionality of
regular CSS by adding features like variables, nesting, mixins,
inheritance, and more. Examples of popular CSS preprocessors
include Sass, Less, and Stylus.
We use CSS preprocessors for several reasons:

1. **Modularity**: Preprocessors allow us to organize CSS code

more efficiently by breaking it into smaller, reusable components.
This promotes code reusability and maintainability.

2. **Variables**: Preprocessors enable the use of variables,

allowing us to define values once and reuse them throughout the
stylesheet. This makes it easier to maintain consistency and
make global changes.

3. **Nesting**: Preprocessors allow CSS rules to be nested

within one another, mirroring the structure of the HTML. This
improves readability and reduces repetition.

4. **Mixins**: Mixins allow us to define reusable groups of CSS

properties and apply them to multiple selectors. This promotes
code reuse and reduces redundancy.

5. **Functions and Operators**: Preprocessors provide

functions and operators that can manipulate values, perform
calculations, and generate complex CSS dynamically.

Q4:- What are the three benefits which exception bring to

object-oriented programing?
Ans:- Exceptions bring several benefits to object-oriented
programming:

1. **Error Handling**: Exceptions provide a structured

mechanism for handling errors and exceptional conditions in
a program. Instead of relying solely on error codes or return
values to indicate errors, exceptions allow for more robust
error handling by separating error-handling code from the
normal flow of execution.

2. **Modularity and Encapsulation**: Exceptions promote

modularity and encapsulation by allowing methods and
classes to report errors without exposing implementation
details to the caller. This helps maintain the integrity of the
object-oriented design by encapsulating error-handling logic
within the appropriate class or method.

3. **Program Flow Control**: Exceptions enable more flexible

program flow control by allowing errors to be detected and
handled at different levels of the call stack. This facilitates
the creation of robust, fault-tolerant applications by providing
mechanisms for recovering from errors, propagating
exceptions to higher levels of abstraction, or terminating
execution gracefully when necessary.

Q5:- Difference between features of Abstraction and

Encapsulation as per java ?
Ans:- Abstraction use for solved the problem and issues that
arise at the design stage.
• It allows you to focus on what the object does instead of how
it does it.
• You can use Abstraction using interface and abstract class.
• Focus mainly on what should be done.
• During Design level.
Encapsulation solves the program and issue that arise at the
implementation stage.
• It enables you to hide the code and data into a single unit yo
secure the data from outside world.
• You can implement Encapsulation using access modifiers
(public, protected and private).
• Focus primarily on how it should be done.

(2017)

Q1:- Difference between method overloading and overriding?

Ans:- Method overloading and method overriding are both
concepts in object-oriented programming, particularly in Java.

1. **Method Overloading**:
• In method overloading, you have multiple methods in the
same class with the same name but different parameters.
 • Overloaded methods must have different parameter lists
(different number or types of parameters).
• The compiler differentiates between overloaded methods
based on the number and types of parameters.
• Overloading is resolved at compile time (static
polymorphism).

2. **Method Overriding**:
• In method overriding, you have two methods with the same
name and parameter list, one in the parent class
(superclass) and one in the child class (subclass).
• The method in the subclass overrides the method in the
superclass, providing a specific implementation.
• Overriding is typically used to provide a specific
implementation of a method in a subclass that is a
modification or extension of the behavior defined in the
superclass.
• Overriding is resolved at runtime (dynamic polymorphism).

Q2:Difference between JDK and JVM ?

Ans:- The JDK (Java Development Kit) and JVM (Java Virtual
Machine) are both essential components of the Java
programming language, but they serve different purposes:

1. **JVM (Java Virtual Machine)**:

• The JVM is an abstract computing machine that enables
Java bytecode to be executed on different platforms.
 • It provides a runtime environment for Java programs to run
on various hardware and operating system configurations.
• JVM interprets the bytecode generated by the Java compiler
or may use just-in-time (JIT) compilation to translate
bytecode into native machine code for improved
performance.
• It manages memory allocation and garbage collection,
handles exceptions, and facilitates other runtime tasks.

2. **JDK (Java Development Kit)**:

• The JDK is a software development kit that includes tools
necessary for developing and running Java applications.
• It contains the JVM along with compilers, debuggers,
libraries, and other tools required for Java development.
• JDK includes the Java Development Kit (JDK), which
comprises the Java Compiler (javac), the Java Runtime
Environment (JRE), and other tools necessary for Java
development.
• It also includes documentation and sample code to assist
developers in building Java applications.

Q3:- Describe the significance of JDBC?

ANS:- JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a Java API that
allows Java applications to interact with databases. Its
significance lies in several key aspects:
1. **Database Connectivity**: JDBC provides a standard
interface for Java applications to connect to various types of
databases, including relational databases like MySQL,
PostgreSQL, Oracle, and non-relational databases like MongoDB.

2. **Platform Independence**: JDBC allows Java applications to

be platform-independent by providing a consistent API for
accessing databases across different operating systems and
database vendors.

3. **Database Operations**: JDBC enables Java applications to

perform various database operations such as executing SQL
queries, updates, inserts, and deletes. This allows developers to
manipulate data stored in databases seamlessly from within their
Java applications.

4. **Transaction Management**: JDBC supports transaction

management, allowing developers to perform multiple database
operations as a single atomic unit. This ensures data integrity and
consistency, especially in critical business applications.

5. **Prepared Statements and Stored Procedures**: JDBC

supports prepared statements and stored procedures, which help
improve performance and security by allowing parameterized
queries and reducing the risk of SQL injection attacks.

Q4:- Describe the clear difference between class and object?

Ans:-
class
• It is a real world entity.
• It is a physical entity.
• It is created many times as per requirement
• It allocates memory when it is created.
Object
• It is a group of similar objects.
• It is a logical entity.
• It is a declared once.
• It doesn’t allocated memory when it is created.
• It can create by using “class” keyword.

Q5: What are access modifiers in java ?

Ans:- In Java, access modifiers are keywords that define the
accessibility or visibility of classes, methods, and other members
within a Java program. There are four main access modifiers:

1. **public**:
• Members declared as public are accessible from any other
class or package.
• There is no restriction on accessing public members from
any other class or package.

2. **protected**
 • Members declared as protected are accessible within the
same package and by subclasses (even if they are in
different packages).
• This modifier is useful for providing accessibility within a
package and for inheritance.

3. **default (no modifier)**:

• If no access modifier is specified, it is considered as default
(also known as package-private).
• Members with default access are accessible only within the
same package.
• They are not accessible outside the package, even by
subclasses.

(2015)

Q1:- What are the role of primary and secondary key in

database table?
Ans:- In a relational database, primary and secondary keys play
crucial roles in ensuring data integrity and facilitating efficient data
retrieval:

1. **Primary Key**:
• A primary key is a column or a set of columns in a table that
uniquely identifies each row or record in the table.
 • It must contain unique values and cannot have NULL values.
• Primary keys enforce entity integrity, ensuring that each
record in the table is uniquely identifiable.
• Primary keys are typically used as foreign keys in other
tables to establish relationships between tables (e.g., one-to-
many or many-to-many relationships).

2. **Secondary Key**:
• A secondary key, also known as an alternate key, is a
column or a set of columns in a table that provides an
alternate way to access data.
• Unlike primary keys, secondary keys are not required to be
unique.
• Secondary keys are used for querying and indexing
purposes to improve the performance of data retrieval
operations.
• They can help in speeding up searches, sorting, and joining
operations by providing additional indexes.

Q2:-Difference between html, xml and dhtml ?

Ans:- HTML, XML, and DHTML are all markup languages used in
web development, but they serve different purposes and have
distinct characteristics:

1. **HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)**:

 • HTML is the standard markup language used for creating
and structuring web pages.
• It defines the structure and content of web pages using
elements such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, images,
and more.
• HTML documents are static and primarily used for
presenting information on the web.

2. **XML (extensible Markup Language)**:

• XML is a flexible markup language designed to store and
transport data.
• It is not predefined like HTML; instead, it allows users to
define their own markup tags to describe data.
• XML is primarily used for data interchange between different
systems and applications.

3. **DHTML (Dynamic HTML)**:

• DHTML is not a separate markup language but rather a
combination of HTML, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and
JavaScript.
• It allows web developers to create dynamic and interactive
web pages by manipulating HTML elements, CSS styles,
and JavaScript code in real-time.
• It enhances the user experience by providing richer and
more responsive web applications.
Q3:- List the name of technology (language and tool) used
for developing dynamic www?
Ans:-
• JavaScript
• PHP
• PYTHON
• CSS
• RUBY
• WORDPRESS

Q4:- pros and cons of dynamic WWW?

Ans:- Dynamic websites offer various advantages and
disadvantages compared to static websites. Here are the pros
and cons of dynamic websites:

**Pros:**

1. **Interactivity:** Dynamic websites allow users to interact with

content, enabling features such as user authentication, form
submissions, commenting, and real-time updates. This
interactivity enhances user engagement and provides a richer
browsing experience.
2. **Personalization:** Dynamic websites can tailor content and
user experiences based on user preferences, behavior, and
demographics. This personalization can lead to higher user
satisfaction and increased conversion rates.
3. **Content Management:** Dynamic websites often use
content management systems (CMS) that allow non-technical
users to easily create, edit, and manage content without the need
for coding knowledge. This streamlines the content creation
process and enables faster updates.
4. **Database Integration:** Dynamic websites can integrate
with databases to store and retrieve data dynamically. This
enables features such as e-commerce shopping carts, user
profiles, search functionality, and customized content delivery
based on database queries.
5. **Scalability:** Dynamic websites can handle large amounts of
content and traffic more efficiently than static websites. They can
dynamically generate pages on demand, allowing for scalability
as traffic and data volume increase.

**Cons:**

1. **Complexity:** Dynamic websites are often more complex to

develop and maintain compared to static websites. They require
server-side programming languages, databases, and frameworks,
increasing development time and complexity.
2. **Performance Overhead:** Dynamic websites may
experience performance overhead due to server-side processing
and database queries. This can lead to slower page load times,
especially during peak traffic periods or when handling large
volumes of data.
3. **Security Vulnerabilities:** Dynamic websites are more
susceptible to security vulnerabilities such as SQL injection,
cross-site scripting (XSS), and session hijacking. Proper security
measures, such as input validation, data encryption, and user
authentication, are essential to mitigate these risks.
4. **Hosting Costs:** Dynamic websites often require more
robust hosting solutions, such as dedicated servers or cloud
hosting, to handle server-side processing and database
operations. This can result in higher hosting costs compared to
static websites.

5. **Maintenance Overhead:** Dynamic websites require regular

maintenance and updates to ensure compatibility with software
updates, security patches, and changes in technology standards.
This ongoing maintenance can be time-consuming and resource-
intensive.

Q5:- Difference between the high level language and the

scripting language?
And:-
Programing Language:
Is set of instructions to produce various types of output to
automate a certain taste.
• Not interpreted.
• Full length code.
 • Self executable no host is required.
• Runs independently.

Scripting language:
Is set of instructions to combine the outputs with different outputs
to perform a task.
• No need for compilation.
• Interpretation is required.
• Small chunks of code.
• Does not create .exe file.

(CR-AWAIS)
Department: Islamiyat
Govt Graduate college Civil lines skp