5,000 year old ancient ciilization 5,000 year old ancient ciilization 325 languages spoken 325 languages spoken -- 1,652 dialects 1,652 dialects 18 oicial languages 18 oicial languages 29 states, 5 union territories 29 states, 5 union territories 3.28 million sq. kilometers 3.28 million sq. kilometers -- Area Area ,516 kilometers ,516 kilometers -- Coastline Coastline 1.3 Billion population. 1.3 Billion population. 5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21 5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21 languages with a combined circulation o 142 million. languages with a combined circulation o 142 million. GDP >56 Billion. ,GDP rate 8, GDP >56 Billion. ,GDP rate 8, Parliamentary orm o Goernment Parliamentary orm o Goernment \orlds largest democracy. \orlds largest democracy. \orlds 4th largest economy. \orlds 4th largest economy. \orld \orld--class recognition in I1, bio class recognition in I1, bio--technology and space. technology and space. Largest Lnglish speaking nation in the world. Largest Lnglish speaking nation in the world. 33 rd rd largest standing army orce, oer 1.5Million strong. largest standing army orce, oer 1.5Million strong. 22 nd nd largest pool o scientists and engineers in the \orld. largest pool o scientists and engineers in the \orld. Bharat lorge has the world's largest single- location orging acility, its clients include londa, 1oyota and Volo amongst others. lero londa with 1.M motorcycles a year is now the largest motorcycle manuacturer in the world. India is the 2nd largest tractor manuacturer in the world. India is the 5th largest commercial ehicle manuacturer in the world. lord has just presented its Gold \orld Lxcellence Award to India's Cooper 1yres. Suzuki, which makes Maruti in India has decided to make India its manuacturing, export and research hub outside Japan. lyundai India is set to become the global small car hub or the Korean giant and will produce 25k Santros to start with. By 2010 it is set to supply hal a million cars to lyundai Korea. lMI and lord. 1he prestigious UK automaker, MG Roer is marketing 100,000 Indica cars made by 1ata in Lurope, under its own name. Aston Martin contracted prototyping its latest luxury sports car, AM V8 Vantage, to an Indian-based designer and is set to produce the cheapest Aston Martin eer. ndia: Technology Superpower Genea-based S1Microelectronics is one o the largest semiconductor companies to deelop integrated circuits and sotware in India. 1exas Instruments was the irst to open operations in Bangalore, ollowed by Motorola, Intel, Cadence Design Systems and seeral others. 80 o the \orld`s 11 SLI CMM Leel-5 companies are based in India. 5 Indian companies recently receied the globally acclaimed eming prize. 1his prize is gien to an organization or rigorous total quality management ,1QM, practices. 15 o the world's major Automobile makers are obtaining components rom Indian companies. 1his business etched India >1.5 Billion in 2003, and will reach >15 Billion by 200. New emerging industries areas include, io- Informatics, io-1echnology, Genomics, Clinical Research and 1rials. \orld-renowned 1QM expert \asutoshi \ashio predicts that Indian manuacturing quality will oertake that o Japan in 2013. McKinsey beliees India's reenues rom the I1 industry will reach >8 Billion by 2008. llextronics, the >14 billion global major in Llectronic Manuacturing Serices, has announced that it will make India a global competence centre or telecom sotware deelopment. ndia: Trade 1ata Motors paid > 118 million to buy Daewoo commercial ehicle Company o Korea. Ranbaxy, the largest Indian pharmaceutical company, gets 0 o its >1 billion reenue rom oerseas operations and 40 rom USA. 1ata 1ea has bought 1etley o UK or _260M. India is one o the world's largest diamond cutting and polishing centres, its exports were worth >6 Billion in 1999. About 9 out o 10 diamond stones sold anywhere in the world, pass through India. Garment exports are expected to increase rom the current leel o >6 billion to >25 billion by 2010. 1he country's foreign exchange reseres stand at an all-time high o $J20 illion. India's trade with China grew by by 104 in 2002 and in the irst 5 months o 2003, India has amassed a surplus in trade close to >0.5M. Mobile phones are growing by about 1.5Million a month. Long distance rates are down by two- thirds in ie years and by 80 or data transmission. al-Mart sources $J illion worth of goods from India - hal its apparel. al-Mart expects this to increase to $J0 illion in the next couple of years. GAP sources about >600 million and liliger >100 million worth o apparel rom India. ndia: Self-Reliance India is among six countries that launch satellites and do so een or Germany, Belgium, South Korea, Singapore and LU countries. India's INSA1 is among the world's largest domestic satellite communication systems. India`s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle ,GSLV, was indigenously manuactured with most o the components like motor cases, inter-stages, heat shield, cryogenic engine, electronic modules all manuactured by public and priate Indian industry. Kalpana Chawla was one o the seen astronauts in the Columbia space shuttle when it disintegrated oer 1exas skies just 16 minutesbeore its scheduled landing on leb 1st 2003, she was the second Indian in space. Back in 1968, India imported 9M tonnes o ood-grains to support its people, through a grand programme o national sel-suiciency which started in 191, today, it now has a ood grain surplus stock o 60M. India is among the 3 countries in the \orld that hae built Supercomputers on their own. 1he other two countries being USA and Japan. India built its own Supercomputer ater the USA denied India purchasing a Cray computer back in 198. India`s new PARAM Padma` 1erascale Supercomputer ,1 1rillion processes per sec., is also amongst only 4 nations in the world to hae this capability. India is proiding aid to 11 countries, writing- o their debt and loaning the IMl >300M. It has also prepaid >3Billion owed to the \orld Bank and Asian Deelopment Bank. ndia: Pharmaceuticals 1he Indian pharmaceutical industry at >6.5 billion and growing at 8-10 annually, is the 4th largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and is expected to be worth >12 billion by 2008. Its exports are oer >2 billion. India is among the top ie bulk drug makers and at home, the local industry has edged out the Multi-National companies whose share o 5 in the market is down to 35. 1rade o medicinal plants has crossed >900M already. 1here are J70 biotechnology companies in India, inoled in the deelopment and manuacture o genomic drugs, whose business is growing exponentially. $equencing genes and delivering genomic information or big Pharmaceutical companies is the next boom industry in India. ndia: Foreign Multi-National Companies 1op S American employers in India General Llectric: : 1,800 employees Hewlett-Packard : 11,000 employees IM : 6,000 employees American Lxpress : 4,000 employees ell : 3,800 employees General Llectric ,GL, with >80 Million inested in India employs 16,000 sta, 1,600 R&D sta who are qualiied with PhD`s and Master`s degrees. 1he number o patents iled in USA by the Indian entities o some o the MNCs ,upto September, 2002, are as ollows 1exas Instruments - 225, Intel - 125, Cisco Systems - 120, IBM - 120, Phillips - 102, GL - 95. Sta at the oices o Intel (India) has gone up rom 10 to 1,000 in 4 years, and will reach 2000 sta by 2006. GL's R&D centre in Bangalore is the company's largest research outit outside the United States. 1he centre also deotes 20 o its resources on 5 to 10 year undamental research in areas such as nanotechnology, hydrogen energy, photonics, and advanced propulsion. It is estimated that there are 150,000 I1 proessionals in Bangalore as against 120,000 in Silicon Valley. ndia: R&D Labs R&D Centre HighIights R&D Centre, Bangalore Established in 1984. The centre started with just 20 people, now has 900 people working on VLS and embedded software, which goes along with a chip or into the chip. ndia Development Centre, Bangalore, Hyderabad. The Bangalore centre was established in 1994; the Hyderabad one in 1999. Oracle's largest development centre outside the US currently has 6,000 staff. Does work on Oracle's database products, applications, business intelligence products and application development tools, besides other activities. ndia Engineering Centre, Bangalore Established in mid-1999 with 20 people, has scaled up to 500 people today. Does work mainly on Sun's software which includes Solaris and Sun One. R&D Centre, Bangalore and Mumbai. Established in 1988 with 20 people, has scaled up to 1,000 today. Drives nearly 60 percent of the company's global development delivery. Software Lab, Bangalore, Pune. Established in 2001. Works on all BM software like WebSphere, DB2, Lotus, Tivoli and Rational. The centre has added many new areas of activities such as middleware and business intelligence. Labs ndia, Bangalore. Established in November 1998 with 100 people, the Lab swill be scaled up to 1500 by the end of 2004. That will double 3000 staff by middle of 2006. t is the largest single-location R&D lab for SAP outside Walldorf, Germany. Nearly 10 percent of SAP's total R&D work is carried out from the ndian lab. nnovation Campus, Bangalore. Established in 1996 with 10 people, has scaled up to 895 people today, and will be further scaled up to 1,000 before the end of 2003. Works on developing software for Philips products. Almost all Philips products that use software have some contribution from this centre. t is the largest software centre for Philips outside Holland. Bangalore. Established in 2002 with just two people, has scaled up to 20 specialists today. Plans exist to double its headcount by the beginning of 2004. s totally dedicated to high-level research on futuristic technologies, with special focus on emerging markets. ndia: BPO 1he domestic BPO sector is projected to increase to >4 billion in 2004 and reach >65 billion by 2010. ,McKinsey & Co.,. 1he outsourcing includes a wide range o serices including design, architecture, management, legal serices, accounting and drug deelopment and the Indian BPOs are moing up in the alue chain. 1here are about 200 call centers in India with a turnoer o >2 billion and a workorce o 150,000. 100 o the lortune 500 are now present in India compared to 33 in China. Cummins o USA uses its R&D Centre in Pune to deelop the sophisticated computer models needed to design upgrades and prototypes electronically and introduce 5 or 6 new engine models a year. Business \eek o 8th December 2003 has said Qviett, bvt ritb breatbta/ivg .eea, vaia ava it. vittiov. of rortacta.. evgiveerivg, bv.ive.. ava veaicat graavate. are becovivg evve.bea iv .verica. ^er covov, iv ra,. vo.t of v. baret, ivagive. iIIiam H. Gates, Chairman and Chief Software Architect Microsoft Corporation (b-1955): after the Chinese, $outh Indians are the smartest people in the world. ndia: Technology Superpower Oer 100 MNCs hae set up R&D acilities in India in the past ie years. 1hese include GL, Bell Labs, Du Pont, Daimler Chrysler, Lli Lilly, Intel, Monsanto, 1exas Instruments, Caterpillar, Cummins, GM, Microsot and IBM. India`s telecom inrastructure between Chennai, Mumbai and Singapore, proides the largest bandwidth capacity in the world, with well oer 8.S 1erabits (8.S1bs) per second. \ith more than 250 uniersities, 1,500 research institutions and 10,428 higher-education institutes, India produces 200,000 engineering graduates and another 300,000 technically trained graduates eery year. Besides, another 2 million other graduates qualiy out in India annually. 1he Indian Institute o 1echnology ,II1, is among the top three universities rom which McKinsey & Company, the world's biggest consulting irm, hires most. ndians abroad A snapshot of Indians at the helm of leading Global businesses 1he Co-ounder o $un Microsystems ,Vinod Khosla,, Creator o Pentium Chip ,Vinod Dahm,, lounder and creator o Hotmail ,Sabeer Bhatia,, Chie Lxecutie o McKinsey & Co. ,Rajat Gupta, President and ClO o Pepsi Cola ,Indra Nooyi, President o United Airlines ,Rono Dutta, GM o Hewlett Packard ,Raji Gupta, President and CLO o U$ Airways ,Rakesh Gangwal, Chie Lxecutie o Citiank ,Victor Menezes,, Chie Lxecuties o $tandard Chartered ank ,Rana 1alwar, Chie Lxecutie oicer o Vodafone ,Arun Sarin, President o A1 & 1-ell Labs ,Arun Netraali, Vice-Chairman and ounder o Juniper Networks ,Pradeep Sindhu, lounder o ose Audio ,Amar Bose, lounder, chip designer Cirrus Logic ,Suhas Patil , Chairman and CLO o Computer Associates ,Sanjay Kumar, lead o ,lPC \orld\ide, o Unilever Plc. ,Keki Dadiseth, Chie Lxecutie Oicer o H$C ,Aman Mehta, Director and member o Lxecutie Board o Goldman $achs ,Girish Reddy, Chie Lconomist o the International Monetary Iund ,Raghuram Rajan, lormer C1O o Novell Networks ,Kanwal Rekhi, ndians in the USA. O the 1.5M Indians liing in the USA, 1,5 th o them lie in the Silicon Valley. 35 o Silicon Valley start-ups are by Indians. Indian students are the largest in number among oreign students in USA. Statistics that show 38 o doctors in the USA, 12 o scientists in the USA, 36 o NASA scientists, 34 o Microsot employees, 28 o IBM employees, 1 o IN1LL scientists, 13 o XLROX employees, . are Indians. 1. India 44 2. China 9 3. Britain 5 4. Philippines 3 5. Canada 3 6. 1aiwan 2 . Japan 2 8. Germany 2 9. Pakistan 2 10. lrance 2 U$ HJ- Visa applicants country of origin T = Harvard + MT + Princeton II1 = Harvard + MI1 + Princeton , says C$ 60 Minutes'. CBS' highly-regarded 60 Minutes`, the most widely watched news programme in the US, told its audience o more than 10 Million iewers that II1 may be the most important university you've never heard of." "1he United States imports oil from $audi Arabia, cars from Japan, 1Vs from Korea and hiskey from $cotland. So what do we import rom India \e import people, really smart people," co-host Leslie Stahl began while introducing the segment on II1. .the smartest, the most successul, most inluential Indians who'e migrated to the US seem to share a common credential 1hey are graduates o the II1.` .in science and technology, II1 undergraduates leae their American counterparts in the dust.` 1hink about that for a minute A kid rom India using an Iy League uniersity as a saety school. 1hat's how smart these guys are.` 1here are cases where students who couldn't get into computer science at II1, they hae gotten scholarships at MI1, at Princeton, at Caltech.` Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948): Gandhi was once asked what he thought about \estern Ciilization. lis response was tbiv/ it rovta be a gooa iaea. 1be greatve.. of a vatiov ava it. vorat rogre.. cav be ;vagea b, tbe ra, it. avivat. are treatea. Yov vv.t vot to.e faitb iv bvvavit,. vvavit, i. av oceav; if a fer aro. of tbe oceav are airt,, tbe oceav aoe. vot becove airt,. 1be ovt, aerit. iv tbi. rorta are tbo.e rvvvivg arovva iv.iae ovr orv beart., ava tbat i. rbere att ovr battte. .bovta be fovgbt. f att Cbri.tiav. actea ti/e Cbri.t, tbe rbote rorta rovta be Cbri.tiav. !ovav, bota, i. tbe er.ovificatiov of .etf.acrifice, bvt vvfortvvatet, toaa, .be aoe. vot reatie rbat trevevaov. aaravtage .be ba. orer vav. vaiav., ritt .tagger bvvavit, ritbovt .beaaivg a aro of btooa. .v e,e for av e,e va/e. tbe rbote rorta btiva. $ir C.V. Raman, (J888 $ir C.V. Raman, (J888 J970) J970) J930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics or work on scattering o light and Raman eect. $ir Jagdish Chandra ose, (J8S8 $ir Jagdish Chandra ose, (J8S8 J937) J937) U$A based ILLL has proed what has been a century old suspicion amongst academics that the pioneer o wireless-radio communication was Professor Jagdish Chandra ose and not Guglielmo Marconi. $atyendranath ose, (J894 $atyendranath ose, (J894- -J974) J974) Indian Physicist, who soled one o the mysteries o quantum mechanics, showing that in the quantum world some particles are indistinguishable. lis collaborations with Albert Linstein led to a new branch on statistical mechanics know commonly known as the Linstein-Bose` statistics. $rinivasa Ramanujam,(J887 $rinivasa Ramanujam,(J887 J920): J920): Great Indian Mathematician, whose interest rom academics at 1rinity, College, Cambridge, led him to collaborate there and postulate and proe well oer 3,542 theorems. Amartya $en, (b Amartya $en, (b- -J933): J933): J998 - 1he Nobel Prize for Lconomics or his redeining work on ethical welare economics. Currently residing as Lamont Uniersity Proessor Lmeritus at larard, ater stepping down rom the prestigious post o Master o 1rinity College, Cambridge. $ubramanyan Chandrasekhar, $ubramanyan Chandrasekhar, (J9J0 (J9J0- -J99S): J99S): J983 Nobel Laureate in Physics. lis many contributions to physics, on the structure and eolution o stars including rotational igures o equilibrium, stellar interiors, black holes, radiatie transer, hydromagnetic stability, stellar dynamics. Har Gobind Khorana, (b Har Gobind Khorana, (b- -J922 ): J922 ): J968 - Nobel Laureate in Medicine or work on interpretation o the genetic code . Currently residing as proessor at MI1. ndia vaia verer ivraaea av, covvtr, iv ber ta.t 10,000 ,ear. of bi.tor,. t i. tbe ovt, .ociet, iv tbe rorta rbicb ba. verer /vorv .tarer,. vaia ra. tbe ricbe.t covvtr, ov artb vvtit tbe tive of tbe riti.b iv tbe eart, 1tb Cevtvr, Robert Ctire`. er.ovat reattb ava..ea frov tbe btvvaer of evgat avrivg 1:0`. ra. e.tivatea at arovva _101,102 t ba. beev e.tivatea tbat tbe totat avovvt of trea.vre tbat tbe riti.b tootea frov vaia baa atreaa, reacbea _1,000,000,000 ;_1ittiov) b, 101. 1a/ivg ivto cov.iaeratiov ivtere.t rate. ava ivftatiov tbi. rovta be rortb cto.e to 1,000,000,000,000 ;11rittiov) iv reatterv. toaa,. 'eaic Ciritiatiov vav. c ara.rati Ciritiatiov. Ri.e of ]aivi.v ava vaabi.v Mavr,av Perioa Cotaev .ge of vaiav .rt. c cievce. Mv.tiv vra.iov. 1be Mvgbat vire Portvgve.e vra.iov 1be riti.b a.tvaia Covav, 1be riti.b vire vaia. reeaov trvggte vaeevaevce Moaerv vaia 2020 'i.iov . rief i.tor, of 1ive ndia W India inented the Number System. Zero was inented by Aryabhatta. 1he place alue system, the decimal system was deeloped in India in 100 BC. W Aryabhatta was the irst to explain spherical shape, size ,diameter, rotation and correct speed o Larth in 499 AD. W 1he \orld's irst uniersity was established in 1akshila in 00 BC. Students rom all oer the \orld studied more than 60 subjects. W 1he Uniersity o Nalanda built in the 4th century was one o the greatest achieements o ancient India in the ield o education. W $anskrit is considered the mother o all higher languages. Sanskrit is the most precise, and thereore suitable language or computer sotware - a report in Iorbes magazine, July 198. W Ayurveda is the earliest school o medicine known to humans. Charaka, the ather o medicine consolidated Ayureda 2S00 years ago. W 1oday Ayureda is ast regaining its rightul place in ciilization. W Christopher Columbus was attracted India's wealth and was looking or route to India when he discoered the American continent by mistake. W 1he art o Naigation was born in the rier Sindh 6000 years ago. 1he word Naigation` is deried rom the Sanskrit word NAVGA1Il. 1he word nay is also deried rom Sanskrit 'Nou'. W In Siddhanta Siromani ,Bhuanakosam 6, haskaracharya II described about graity o earth about 400 years beore Sir Isaac Newton. le also had some clear notions on dierential calculus, and the 1heory o Continued lraction. avgvage. of vaia ivai av./rit 1avit Cv;arati |rav Pvv;abi Mata,atav evgati Maratbi Kov/avi Kavvaaa ...ave.e 1etegv Ori,a Ra;a.tbavi 1he Ancient Vedic Hymns #i (cvv Kvorteage of ,vv., 10,: rer.e. 1bere i. ovt, ove trvtb, ovt, vev ae.cribe it iv aifferevt ra,.. v]v (cvv Kvorteage of itvrg,, , rer.e. vnv (cvv Kvorteage of Cta..icat Mv.ic, 1,:1 rer.e. /,v (cvv Kvorteage of Meaicive, orer 100,000 rer.e. +vni.nvv. ],oti.ba - ..trotog, ava ..trovov,. Kata - Ritvat. ava egat vatter.. i/.ba - Pbovetic.. .itare,a - Creatiov of tbe |virer.e, Mav ava rotvtiov. Cbavaog,a - Reivcarvatiov, ovt. Kav.bita/i - Karva. Keva - .v.terit,, !or/, ava Re.traivt. Dbarvvr 'eaa - cievce of .rcber, ava !ar. Mvvaa/a - Di.citive, aitb ava rarvivg of gvoravce. vv vv - Kvorteage of Matbevatic. ov vv Kvorteage of Meaitatiov )vnv vv Kvorteage of ore ava e av./rit ( ) av./rit ra. tbe cta..icat tavgvage of vaia, otaer tbav ebrer ava ativ. t i. tbe otae.t, vo.t .cievtific, .,.tevatic tavgvage iv tbe rorta. t becave tbe tavgvage of att cvttvrea eote iv vaia ava iv tbe covvtrie. tbat rere ivftvevcea b, vaia. av./rit titeratt, veav. refivea or erfectea Sanskrit word EngIish meaning Sanskrit meaning matar pitar bhratar svasar gyaamti trikonamiti dvaar ma naman smi eka mother papa / father brother sister geometry trigonometry door me name smile equal 'measuring the earth' 'measuring triangular forms' 'first person pronoun' 'the same' ndia 1heory of Continued Iraction was discoered by Bhaskaracharya II. Indians discoered Arithmetic and Geometric progression. Arithmetic progression is explained in \ajureda. Goindaswamin discoered Newton Gauss Interpolation ormula about 1800 years beore Newton. Vateswaracharya discoered Newton Gauss ackward Interpolation ormula about 1000 years beore Newton. Parameswaracharya discoered Lhuiler`s ormula about 400 years beore Lhuiler. Nilakanta discoered Newton's Infinite Geometric Progression conergent series. Positie and Negatie numbers and their calculations were explained irst by rahmagupta in his book Brahmasputa Siddhanta. Aryabhatta also propounded the Heliocentric theory of gravitation, thus predating Copernicus by almost one thousand years. Madhavacharya discoered 1aylor series o Sine and Cosine unction about 250 years beore 1aylor. Madhaacharya discoered Newton Power series. Madhaacharya discoered Gregory Leibnitz series or the Inerse 1angent about 280 years beore Gregory. Madhaacharya discoered Leibnitz power series or pi about 300 years beore Leibnitz. haskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds o years beore the astronomer Smart. 1ime taken by earth to orbit the sun ,5th century, 36S.2S87S6484 days Infinity was well known or ancient Indians. Bhaskaracharya II in Beejaganitha,stanza-20, has gien clear explanation with examples or ininity 1be vr,a iaabavta, . tetboo/ ov a.trovov, of avcievt vaia, ta.t covitea iv 1000 C, betierea to be bavaea aorv frov 000 C b, aia of covte vvevovic recitat vetboa. .titt /vorv toaa,. borea tbe artb. aiaveter to be ,10 vite., covarea to voaerv vea.vrevevt. of ,2. vite.. borea tbe ai.tavce betreev tbe artb ava tbe Moov a. 2:,000 vite., Covarea to voaerv vea.vrevevt. of 2:2,10 vite.. ndia 1he alue o "pi" was irst calculated by oudhayana, and he explained the concept o what is known as the Pythagorean 1heorem. le discoered this in the 6th century long beore the Luropean mathematicians. 1his was alidated` by British scholars in 1999. Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came rom India. Quadratic equations were propounded by $ridharacharya in the 11th century. 1he largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas lindus used numbers as big as 10 53 with speciic names as early as 5000 BC during the Vedic period. Len today, the largest used number is 1era 10 12 . Maharshi $ushruta is the ather o surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists o his time conducted complicated surgeries like caesareans, cataract, artiicial limbs, ractures, urinary stones and een plastic surgery. Usage o anaesthesia was well known in ancient India. Oer 125 surgical equipments were used. Detailed knowledge o anatomy, physiology, aetiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also ound in many texts. \hen many cultures were only nomadic orest dwellers oer 5000 years ago, Indians established larappan culture in the Sindhu Valley Ciilization. )vviv,v Oiin o{ ^viv v. - 200 ( Kerala, South India, guardians o the origins o modern martial-arts, inluenced by \oga and connected to the ancient Indian sciences o war ,dhanur-eda, and medicine ,ayur-eda,. 1he origin o kung-u begins with the legend o a monk named Bodhidharma ,also known as 1a Mo, who traelled rom India to China around 500 A.D. %he EncycIopaedia Britannica says: Mav vv.t bare av origivat craate tava rbevce tbe eotivg of tbe eartb ra. brovgbt abovt b, vigratiov. .. to vav`. craate tava, tbere bare beev vav, tbeorie. bvt tbe reigbt of eriaevce i. iv farovr of vaoMata,.ia. f tbere i. a covvtr, ov eartb rbicb cav ;v.tt, ctaiv tbe bovovr of barivg beev tbe craate of tbe vvav race or at tea.t tbe .ceve of rivitire ciritiatiov, tbe .vcce..ire aeretovevt. of rbicb carriea ivto att art. of tbe avcievt rorta ava erev be,ova, tbe bte..ivg. of /vorteage rbicb i. tbe .ecova tife of vav, tbat covvtr, i. a..vreat, vaia. vvc v vaia toaa,, re bare a taa, borv a Catbotic ;ovia Cavabi) .teivg a.iae .o a i/b ;Mavvobav ivgb) covta be .rorv iv b, a Mv.tiv re.iaevt ;.bavt Katav) to teaa a vatiov tbat. 2 ivav. aef, av,ove to cite avotber covvtr, ritb .vcb airer.it, ava toteravce to it. otiticat teaaer.bi. SecuIar %oIerance Goldman Sachs Report of 1 October, 2003 "Dreaming with BRCs: The path to 2050" India's GDP will reach > 1 trillion by 2011, > 2 trillion by 2020, > 3 trillion by 2025, > 6 trillion by 2032, > 10 trillion by 2038, and > 2 trillion by 2050, becoming the 3 rd largest economy ater USA and China. In terms o GDP, India will oertake Italy by the year 2016, lrance by 2019, UK by 2022, Germany by 2023, and Japan by 2032. Progress during the last 20 years Poverty (incidence) 1980s 1990s 2000 44% 36% 26% Lducation (literacy rate) 1980s 1990s 2000 44% 52% 65% Health (life expectancy) 1980s 1990s 2000 56 60 69 Source: World Bank (2003) Ex-Prime Minister, Sri AtaI Bihari Vajpayee A treaty was signed on 6 January, 2004, establishing a South Asian lree 1rade Area among the seen SAARC countries ,India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Maldies, in the region. India committed to a South Asian Union as the ultimate objectie, with mutual security cooperation, open borders and a single currency in Southern Asia in the long run. 1be bova. of etbvicit, ava cvttvre rbicb bota togetber tbe eote. of tbi. regiov are vore evavrivg tbav tbe barrier. of otiticat re;vaice tbat bare beev erectea qvite recevtt,. ..rieva., vaia i. reaa, to ao erer,tbivg tbat i. vece..ar,, to rat/ a. vav, etra vite. a. va, be reqvirea, to va/e tbi. ri.iov a reatit,. Dr AbduI KaIam, President of India, father of India's space, missiIe and sateIIite programme and author of "India 2020 Vision". I hae three isions or India.` J. In 3000 years o our history people rom all oer the world hae come and inaded us, captured our lands, conquered our minds. lrom Alexander onwards. 1he Greeks, the 1urks, the Moguls, the Portuguese, the British, the lrench, the Dutch, all o them came and looted us, took oer what was ours. \et we hae not done this to any other nation. \e hae not conquered anyone. \e hae not grabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enorce our way o lie on them. \hy Because we respect the reedom o others. 1hat is why my irst ision is that o lRLLDOM. I beliee that India got its irst ision o this in 185, when we started the war o independence. It is this reedom that we must protect and nurture and build on. I we are not ree, no one will respect us. 2. My second ision or India is DLVLLOPMLN1. lor ity years we hae been a deeloping nation. It is time we see ourseles as a deeloped nation. \e are among top 5 nations o the world in terms o GDP. \e hae 10 growth rate in most areas. Our poerty leels are alling. Our achieements are being globally recognized today. \et we lack the sel- conidence to see ourseles as a deeloped nation, sel-reliant and sel-assured. 3. I hae a 1lIRD ision. India must stand up to the world. Because I beliee that unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. \e must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must go hand-in-hand.` India's popuIation to be the Iargest in the worId India is set to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2050. Indias population is expected to grow from 1.08bn to 1.63bn people, overtaking China, which is forecast to reach 1.44bn from 1.3bn currently. India, will also have the highest working population in the World - 700 million people out of 1.1 billion people are young; the young population will continue till 2050. www.FunOn%heNet.in Check out more great forwards at