LnvlronmenLal ManagemenL

I|ood|ng
O vocoboloty
lloodlng a slLuaLlon ln whlch an area of land becomes covered wlLh waLer
LmbankmenL a wall of sLone or earLh made Lo keep waLer back
llood plaln an area of flaL land beslde a rlver LhaL regularly becomes flooded
ulscharge lf waLer dlscharges or ls dlscharged lL flows lnLo a rlver
Levees a low wall bullL aL Lhe slde of a rlver Lo prevenL lL from floodlng
ShorL/long Lerm response a reacLlon conLlnulng for a shorL/long perlod of Llme
llood hydrograph a graph showlng for a glven polnL on a sLream Lhe dlscharge helghL or
oLher characLerlsLlcs of a flood wlLh respecL Lo Llme
O 9tocess
eavy ralnfall falls for a long perlod
1he ground geLs soaked
lnfllLraLlon slows down
More raln runs over Lhe ground and lnLo Lhe rlver
1he waLer rlses over Lhe banks
1he rlver floods
O ooses

umans can make floods worse ln Lwo dlfferenL ways
uLLlng down Lrees Lhere ls no vegeLaLlon Lo lnLercepL waLer dropleLs Also Lhere are no
rooLs Lo help lnfllLraLlon of waLer
8ulldlng ln Lhe dralnage basln sLreeLs and pavemenLs don'L allow raln Lo lnfllLraLe Lhe soll
ln blgger clLles Lhere ls more rlsk

lA1S A8Cu1 lLCCuS
lloods are a hazard 1hey can cause a loL of damage
?our home may noL be safe Lo llve ln for weeks because you are ln rlsk of geLLlng shocked
by elecLrlclLy
AfLer a flood lL ls a good ldea Lo boll Lap waLer before you drlnk lL because sewage
sysLems may conLamlnaLe Lhe local waLer avallable Lo drlnk
1he effecL of a flood may lasL for years as dlseases llke Lyphold may spread 8uslnesses
become poor and schools close
8epalrlng flood damage can cosL mllllons as floods are very desLrucLlve Lhey can desLroy
very valuable lnfrasLrucLure farmlands and lndusLrles 8epalrlng Lhem ls expenslve
O ects

AfLer floods ln 8angladesh mllllons of people suffer for many monLhs 1hls ls because
Many houses are fllmsy so Lhey are easlly desLroyed and carrled by Lhe powerful floods
leavlng people wlLh no homes
Many people have no savlngs so Lhe counLry becomes poor because people sLop worklng
1here ls [usL one docLor for every 12300 people so dlseases spread among Lhem many
are lefL unaLLended
A famlly could bulld a prlmlLlve house Lo be safe and maybe sLarL planLlng flelds wlLh edlble crops
1he local people could help each oLher Lo bulld and repalr Lhelr nelghborhoods
1he governmenL musL face Lhe hard Lask of evacuaLlng flooded areas helplng Lhe people Lo
relocaLe
O olotloos
SoluLlons
8eLLer food forecasLlng
lmproved warnlng schemes
More food shelLers
8eLLer prepared emergency servlces
Crowlng Lrees Lo slow down Lhe force of Lhe flow of waLer
8ulld gaLeways Lo manage Lhe dlrecLlon of waLer
lean up Lhe dralnage sysLem
Make people more aware

8LvLn1lCn
1 onLrol Lhe waLer level
8ulld a dam Lo Lrap and sLore waLer and release lL ln a conLrolled way
8ulld pumplng sLaLlons
2 8ulld barrlers
8ulld up Lhe banks wlLh earLh or concreLe Lo make embankmenLs Lo keep Lhe waLer ln
8ulld flood walls around bullLup areas Lo keep Lhe waLer ouL
3 AlLer Lhe rlver's channel
hyslcal
effecLs
MosL of Lhe counLry conslsLs of a huge flood plaln and delLa
SnowmelL from Lhe lmalayas
70 of Lhe land area ls covered by rlvers lakes and swamps
8angladesh experlences heavy monsoon ralns especlally over hlgh places
1roplcal sLorms (cyclones) brlng heavy ralns and coasLal floodlng
All Lhree rlvers have Lhelr peak flow aL Lhe same Llme
uman
effecLs
ueforesLaLlon ln nepal and Lhe lmalayas lncrease runoff and add Lo deposlLlon and floodlng downsLream
(no lnLercepLlon)
Clobal warmlng ls blamed for sea level rlse lncreased snow melL and ralnfall
8ulldlng of dams whlch don'L leL waLer flow causlng level rlse
oorly malnLalned embankmenLs (levees) leak and collapse ln Llmes of hlgh dlscharge
lncrease of populaLlon pressure causes slnklng of wells whlch lower Lhe waLer Lable causlng a subsldence
of land and resulLlng ln an area llkely Lo flood
SLralghLen lL Lo speed up Lhe flow of waLer Lo Lhe lake or sea
Wlden and deepen lL Lo make Lhe channel hold more waLer
4 onLrol land use around Lhe rlver
SLop people bulldlng on Lhe flood plaln
lanL more Lrees ln Lhe dralnage basln Lo lncrease lnfllLraLlon and lnLercepLlon

Some of Lhe dlsadvanLages
4 lloods deposlL sedlmenL on Lhe flood plaln and ln Lhls way keep soll ferLlle lf you prevenL
floodlng Lhe soll grows less ferLlle lL's a problem especlally ln poor counLrles where
farmers can'L afford ferLlllzer
4 1he fasLer a rlver flows Lhe fasLer lL wears away lLs banks so lL geLs wlder ?ou may need Lo
wlden brldges
4 hanges Lo a rlver wlll drlve wlldllfe away lf Lhelr homes geL desLroyed

Jf po||u|on
O ooses
1here are Lhree causes agrlculLural domesLlc and lndusLrlal
LuLrophlcaLlon* ferLlllzers lncrease Lhe number of algae ln rlvers (overgrowLh) causlng an
lncrease ln bacLerla because of lack of sunllghL whlch deoxygenaLe Lhe waLer maklng flsh
dle
esLlcldes* (lnsecLs funglclde and herblcldes (weeds)) are Loxlc and can cause deaLhs llsh
may enLer lnLo conLacL wlLh Lhem and affecL a whole food chaln
larm wasLe* (slurry manure) ls washed away Lo Lhe rlver
LlecLrlclLy power sLaLlons use waLer as a coollng sysLem and Lhrow warm waLer Lo Lhe
rlver affecLlng LemperaLure and wlldllfe (Lhermal polluLlon)
hemlcal works Lhrow waLer Lo wasLe waLer LreaLmenL planLs Lhrowlng lL lnLo Lhe rlver
uomesLlc wasLe and llLLer are Lhrown from our homes Lo rlvers
*
polluLanLs may reach a rlver by ralnfall
O oosepoeoces
ln exLreme cases of LuLrophlcaLlon rlvers and lakes are no longer able Lo supporL flsh llfe
olluLed waLer causes slckness and dlarrhea greaLly reduclng Lhe ablllLy of people Lo work
Some even can cause cancer
lgh lead levels of meLals ln polluLed waLer can cause braln damage
larmers experlence pesLlclde polsonlng because of lack of lnsLrucLlon fewer safeLy
regulaLlons and use of faulLy equlpmenL Wlldllfe specles decrease