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    Btech 1st sem basic electrical engineering notes

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    Btech 1st sem basic electrical engineering notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    5 views77 pages

    BEE Notes

    Uploaded by

    himanshusharma15868
    Btech 1st sem basic electrical engineering notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 77
    Detefa4= 0x9] DELTA \PoNO\ 04 Chay pf electra is Electrica) . Ohm (.9.) al Inductor. appear so Hency CH) 3.| Capacitor Mm o Farad (6) 4.1 Noltage _ Vv olt (Vv) Current x Ampere (A\ i Resistor - TH is a materias whi fe |= ec obstacle in tne conductor} 2 Oppose _the Plow of electrons: =| Higher the value of fesistor, the current will Pass in low. >| Trnductor - Tr 7 a__makerias in which electrons are movin in a Ciradar path to form field. magash > =} Tt chore charae in tne -form [oF magne dic field | Capacitor = Tt ic mw devirewids store i charge in electricoS, form . between wo a, | a -. Detta mor plates: | = Voltage Source can ce ae Gd] Dc Cource ae diy] A Cc Source > Nae Current Source _can be represent in @ = ah The arrow hows the direction of currents. Current 7 the flow of electrons in a con ductor - To flow current in a cireuit, we ae need clhage= ta te Ye electrical pressure. or: force due to hahioh: current is flow im _cnnducter- labia nlencilanale Crest - A Conducting Path Hhrough volt ch an electric. suave’ either flow: ot i intended to Flow fs called circuit - : 4 Linear Circuit - The “¢ircuit vohose parameters — ( tesictance , in date DELTA es" 03, | Non = Lineor Cirwit - The cirasit whose parame’. =efs are changes with voltage of current is called non-linear circuit + Unilateral Ciresit - A cirast whose proper ties (or characteristics) ch with the direction of operation Cire working\ is cabled unilakeral creat. ae Diode Rectifier ( jt os doing rectifFicatio n of AC corrent in owe direction only not iw boty direction). Bilateral Ciccuit - A circuit chose prop. -erties (or characheristiec) does not change Cie. same) in any direction, | te catled bilateral erceit + Ge “Trawamiscinn Line (jt is trawamitting AC current in Quay direction) + Electric Network - A combination of vartau: ~g electric elements _enmbine _in _ang __ ° ] manner of arrangment 1 called electric network Active Network - A network which cont. - ain one of more _Sovrees oF emf: Pagsive Network — A network which does 4. mot" Centain any purce of emPs ate) wi DELTA Pom \O4 | Node - TA _t oO point in the OC more ragh elements ( electrica}) are connected together. 7 : co etwor ° Ohm’ Law show the oa fea. -l_ relation hetween Cecistince volkage and currents Limitation of Ohm's Law T3 can ‘be appiicable do _ series Clinear) circuit or any hranch of a imple paralisl ctirosit: qr i i Lilce _Lempreture, ace. Constant: »_prescore ete i i_i4 T HJ _N\e Bs T oS Vir Ve +f Vp is ~ the potential _ difference ——— T= Vv I DELTA PNA OS. [ive tor Be Potential Ditlerence means voltage crops from ane potential to lower potential » Notes=|| 1. Current i luau f\ circuit | 2° Volkage i always flow in open | ciroit + N=T Giroph AS Nv > Ii— = || Kir chhoF F Cureent Law ? || ; ; —- gum of the outgoing currents from tine function: ate DELTA \Pa N06 ke an example: int currents are Some Lome incoming are: inet : cons pi de be utcoming Qurrents - if, , te 5 bs L+istrig = istigs is i cents ot ao point ZERO. ji+is +i, -i,-ig-is = 0 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law i stabes thot sum of potential ti \ nan to the vm of poten dreps in | any loop of . cirouit . Tn the droit Date) DELTA \P9 NA OF AMAA | R. Te 9 yh + | Cire da) =-T | | A oo aes} a +! + E -T Ro 2 ks c Apply KvbL at Jeop ARCDA -—+T7R,+2LR,=0 E,2 ER + LR Actual Formula ib a B= LER Que. 22mef 7 DELIA \PM\ 08 -100 + 30r =O zor = =| Superposition TBeorem “re _stakes that A tine onan aie 3 ning “mere than ane source of emf i tne” current _yabich Stews at any point __t the __allgebrie __sum of _——__} alt the _urrents” each pf _tobich would Flew at that point iF each | source of emf shore _ considered + _S2pe rakely and $$ ae ee TT - =) ir theorem is ose ful —tohen some _ | branches contain two _ef __mofe $2 |) -ces of emf in that tin - wouk ont in fs Date) tt DELTA \PoN0\ OF arly related to voltage as Ohm’s Law. Rules for et When volk govuree fi removed Jem seroctly we Short cirait’ the ) oe Souree because internal recick cance of olta v {gs O- When current source is removed tempo = rarity we open the _cirewit because internal fecistance oF current we is INFINITE + -| with the help of Superposition theorem Find the Ctrrent in all__branchea+ Date) DELTA\E™\ To | Ta 20 V iccuit 2ey emf. is if &Oy {ftom 7 Re [ at 20Vv _T 12 Ou Lecoms tt \ Total Resistance , R= 8 + (10x12) fori] = 3.4, )20 22 = 8 + 5-454 = 13.454 Current throws h $i. resistance ,j/ = 20 13-45 = 1+ 486 Current through 10.Qs resistance , i, = 11486 X12 a (2410 14: 332 v 22 0-310 A — Current Varough 120s pesistance, j' = 148% Oe Now, take 2 V_only and _ |_ emf. 7 or Af Total resistance to + (12%8) (2487 = lo + 48 = 4-8 I Crprent theough 10 (4-8 = 1-891A Current +heovgh 8 0 resistance, i% = 1-aatn~ 12 ss) (ate Be: diet PA A, Current through 12.4 cecistance , i" = I+8aix @ 1248 = O-t56A Let IT, = CatQMa DELTA \eam\t Total current throug h & resistance» { Go eo - = )+ 486 - [+(34 = 0-352 A Tatal Current throvg h 10 resistance 7 L r= " = 1) 841 - O-8lo = 1+ O8l1Aa Tete current through 12.02 resistance = 645 + O-F56 r'+ i" oO: le A3I A sonst Xssignment = 0+ | Thevenin’s “Theorem It etates thot te The purpose of determining the current — f ina _lnad _resfstoc, Ri connected ae | -oss hwo terminate of a linear, active |, bilateral network can be replaced by —~ a__single source of emf Van and — a serie, resistor Ray with Re’ where— Vin ds The pulential obi rence belween the Lermin als of the, bal Date) DELTA \Pa N13 network uohere the Ru Gs’ removed and viewed back into tne ne }work from |_aerminals rari th au salkage Sourees i€ > aud ourrent _gourcec -_ open ~ eiresit +” Tn thin theorem » we can make complex _| eiremits into simpler one- AWW = Complex Circuit _> Rin — Non _T Te Great Rai Voltage source can be short cicaut- e-ge) Colatate current through 4,05 resictor: com oh - en \ J | 2A we yooN ou N sov Apply KVL aot loop —100 + Vin + C2xs) + Ubx%2) ~- 8020) - (go + 48 + Vin = © AZ + Vin = 180 Van = 180 -— 48 Vin = 132 NV onl DELTA \Po Wa tS Shep-3- Connect the Ri in serie to __ tne: Simple iret }_ Ney = 132v 7 acta L | Rin + Re LS 2 - 24 +4 = (32 28 AsaL4a A x ¥ TK a =| Corrent always poth : 4 Ml if goes bn shortest | i ‘Assignments =05 __-____ | stele DELTA \P9 No\ Se To Gnd iRin ,' we must Known series and __paralle} combinations. Nocton’s “Theorem Tt stales that , ee berminal Unear active network containin independent voltage and current eurces and resis tance can be replaced "by w equi alent _ current Source En with _« paral) mel resister Ru with Rein . parallel where In is equal to [- the Kort circuit current be twee an dhe terminals of he nehwor, -K where the Riis removed and viewed, back Into the neboork , from derminals with ahh oltage . SOUVCEr re fe. ek circuit and “current sources open _— . ey 2D r | cirasit + _ 4 ak R annot nge_f = tne | cirosit . Chart bf “Thevenin’s and Niorton’s Theorem Thevenin Norton + Ill Remove Load Resistance! Remo ad Resistance. DEAE, c Van Shock Cicauit a a vr es =f A VT a pooch Colwlate Rw Calulate Ry Sl Rin Ut caf f =f , Ry oe z 2% Wibsas | Eo Rule “C cdR) Current Division ZT. = Tx Ri RitRs Nolttage. Division Rule (VBR) P-T-0 M = VRi ) 4 Ri +tRy . Lg ett Ws. = NV Ro ' a2 Ri +R, 1 4: si current tn the 12 94 regigtance of | the circuit 4 20Vv =f - +9 Os - 1 a tT po or 20v bate DELTA eM VF, Ru S_x_(10 + 14) shen Glo + 14) = 3 x24+ B+24 = ie Bu = 6 Qu Tw e254 (t = | : Iw x. Rw RNt+Re —— Jo- 09-18 Transient fe a | Steady —> State Date) DELTA Zeno 20 | the wave — Cowstant RL ~ serie 7 Date) _etta\e2 Wal 2 an induetor of inductance 10H+ TE swt | -aeh js closed at 4=0, find out expression of Et) _ Nv) Value of it) at t= 0-2 see Gy ted ve CO W) Time ot whidh Ve (4) = Ve CA) or dis) Vi CE) io TT a ee = . Ce R 10° oO ot | Ee) = eo (= eH) 100 7 Id) = Ci- eh dip) Vice) = TO)-R = 100 (j ~e™) diy Vedt) = tb dt At d= o+to f eh) = wf eS) ot 7 7 Vio= 10X10 em Viz i00e & L= 0-2 see mon D0e2) = (t-er') ate) stl = 122) = 0+22 Ww) Ve CX) = VO) joo (i-e 7) = 100 en loo = joo eet = yoo et Wave form Gr RL ceries circuit * , Tevrarsirest ~ Ft pod a dow Gin Oty 2 Vv Xe > poick Se 7 - a t> Inlaveform for RC series Creuit i V Vmax Sincot q EO oh i . f E = : a Ss v tS De Lwion sim Coot OF Date) ate DELTA pon? 3 | Ri _parattel ciceit ra) = tO-esy RC geries ar wdt . VG) = VO. &) puceacel AC Cirmits 2nd Unit Assignment =o Types of Supply De _( Direct Current) AC (Alternating Current ) Tn terms of OC a TV L +. Time fe not controled but Magnitude ts controlled. For Dc , p=0c0 AC cannot store in _haHeries - term of AC. Date DELTA em 24 form oF Root Mean Sqval” X Date) DELTA \f2N0\ 25, Vi = Vm Sin WE | [Meme = Vn | ey Tr RMS, we read ' Root Mean Square” but write from Square then mean and then root + Maximum value is also called peak — value. Phosor Representation Components «NS Ba 4 R —_— i> | +— —_ Fe > Pure Lb —> + e Lagging eading cf — ent H__ sy The angle helween Vand Tis chown by ov Oo Daf 7 DELTA eo N26 Power types a, DC Power ( Pe) = VI. ACG Power (Pac) = Vmsin®, , Im Sin ®, = = VinIm Sin ©, Sin O. 3 | Active Power (Pactve) = ViT cos b A+ | Reactive Power (Presctie) = VI sin b 5+ Apparent Power (Papparent ) = VI = p ga fhe angle between Vand I. gv Ka) | ee 7 = Tee [ cinteot dt wt od =m tc = Toe ( 1 - eosamt gt qe J a Ea z = Tine (C1 cosaadt) at a J ° = Tw | 4 - sinzwt|™ 27 L 2 3 = Tas Ter Sin2wre - o-sin2wo | 27C 2 2 | = 2a | te — sinz@n] or 2 = Toner x TL DTC = Dine D Dire = Taye a | mcs, Dinox = Imax = _0+#04% Tn 2 Jz = 0-404 Dna St. TS: Tmdke Sin 08% Date) DELTA 29, | Tre [i= Tc 24 Tinax Te x 2 i" 2 Tmax Tw 16366 Limon + 63% Tmax 0+ 637 Twat Nv ba Sx ™ ~ Tsing 1. Pative = P => Pare VE wb a | Pre (RY = VI sind =| The freastive ig altm present in the ciren ait - = r VT 1 Date DELTA 600) 30 S = hf phar g* . | ee er factor :- mg le volta = VT, cos nt Power Factor Power =P Ss ate, DELTA Po NA Bt * v ao} I ° Oy O12 OF O-4 Ors On tie. Col tate Average of Wave form Rome of © waveform Form Factor Peak Factor Vay £% _ ¢ at os J ° + = Bo { ay os 3 = 30 [4]i" O83 = 100 [or-o] _ = 19 V s + os fe roe ” [aco * os fiat an 2 Dae i DELTA CONS =] gooe [e]"" SS al [eJ- al 3200 [e-1- 0] " al 300 Sy se 3: Form Factor RMS Value A verage Vola Le. 32 n to |) -F#32 Peak (Maximum) Cactor 0 Maximem Valu RMS Value = Zo Vae32 = 16432 + nov _ Hyp ae Ls et Coalewlate { Date DELTA \Ps #033 RMS of waveform A cia gi of waveform Peak factor Form factor == oe!29) She 3c =p or Dix Boe oO Oni © (0°) oe = 20 = 200 orl V, 2 ) e on)? dt © art yd = | 40000 e at 2 onl = [soce00 [¥1." [= Feses =: 200 V +r ort 9 Date) DELTA \?3 40, om 34 Maximum vVolur RM Vout = 20 200 =s orl Form Factor s Rus value Average Value 2 200 : = 200 Co-1- of => 200 X ol . = 20Vv + Peak Factor = 2.00 " - T, = 10J? sin wr - T, = 5/2 sin (wt -60) i whet wil be the Ep - Detra eon 2S. a ——— NES wt Dn Pe. civesit 5 we Adi dircett } fin Ac ciccuit ye doke vector to adc. X= 10 f2 cos O + SVE we (~ 00) T = toyz X14 + siz Xo-5 Sa egF 1 Hh . . Y= 10/2 sin © + SYR sin (60) FS iot xO + SV (0-366) = — 6-123 fos i — | As we Know unit ‘of istance 7 Ohm (9,9 ame thing DA adith inductor and capacitor - Lo= X= @L = oefr OW Kia> ( 2 | 2 ! Or Xe ac amfFe Xv = Trductive Reactance | xe = Capacitive. Reactance ZA=R+jX Here 5 Z is Tmpedence Rb Resictance i KX iw Reactance Date, DELTA 0 NOSE IN ” > + D< Ir ER-L Cicast | N ' rR | x a = - R-C GraitT j L = Z = R* fCKi- Xe) [Rte iret J | [zi = Jr xr) A elkage a -opplied Xo the series citait CC) = 180 sin Coe PDE £2 50 He Cowisking of 10. Q& recistance ana ©0318 "HW inductance» find 5 Ww Expression fur oarrent wy Prose angle between Nand T win Power a Factor pollicis sivy Active Power NO | Maximum Nolue of pulsating ener: J w Tet) = Twa gin Coot — o) 4 Lcd Duel = i DELTA Po NSE, 1 Ele 66 sin Cwt - 45) dip Xp = 27tFe = 27X50 x 0-0318 = 4-990 = lo a @ = un Pa) Ve? = tan (ww) vo J ® = eT o = -45° cos = ces 4s” = | needs vz ay zc J R2+ x? = tfpior + 10% + roo + 100 200 = vo fz = 14-142 1 t 7" max = Emax = (5d = 10+606 A x \4-1an civ) | Pactive = VT wos 6 150 X 10+ 606 K 0: 404 v = ije2f-36 Ww) Puls ating re a “Ewan - 4 Eneray se D = 150 410-606 L 2 _ Fo 1s90-4 + > aE #as+ 45 24-04-18 Resonance When a ciromit i connected by q an ac vurce of constant Mage but of frequene be From ZERD to _Labinity : would a certain frequency applied oltage which makes Xu equa) to XX i magnitude 1 xX =o and. ZR and the cit is in electrical -fesonance+ When 8, tL and Care in serie in the drat then Viz Xe and Ve = Te are equal in mag —nitude but in opposite phase = Hence » they cancel each _ other and act or a short cirait an id anf TF DELTA \Po Na 34 hor freuit: Lied oltage drops R So that VeVe chro & impedence be com hen ZERO- manimom - + ZR Series esonance Nel reactance ireuit (fs ZERO. Dat) DE UA \eom\Fo = 2Tcf L | 27CFC ££ t ar -27 be Ee QTL: 27 LS F 27-277 LC Ee | 2T fre - K. = | X, = 27 . Dee £ £ Cee) 7 . —4 _ _- x ait ed DELTA OMA 4 — T terave as as Capacitive! Tndustive 1 ! ~_5 f RLC series creat is aleo called Me nee! Resonan iro 2 Series Resonance O0& Acceptor Cruit. Tt is also catled Acceptor Circuit because the impedence of the ciccuit is minimum so that easil accept +h frequencs from current which is equal to resonant frequency: enc Tn ecied fesonance » impedence js minimum and Tmax ts maximum + Tn series reconance » the Vmax contain in in ductor and capacitor « Parawel Resonance Ls 2 epee ad 5 R a Ke Y. = 1 = \ y(R=j xy Zi (Rj Xr) (Raj Ayt a R- jf Xu R= Gxt = R-j]Xr Rt+ K7 Yots R x xu ene - RYxt RE aE Zy = 7) Xe Sail = \ mined am ~jke x Adding Pqualion iy and iy Yr = y+ Y Date, tte DELTA \Po M4 3, ~ <— KE *}{+ 2. L a At resonance ,"_[ + becomes Ke se: ZERO: | — Ar = 6 Ke Rix? Av = Re KD Ke Xi Xe = R*EXKE Xi Xe = Zz oot Gsdilg i. 2h to tc in» fh oe a. L = Ar + KX <.. Lo = ate Cae FL) Cc = (rcfFLj* = Lb _ er = _ 1} 2 f= 4 ms 4 or Jue 1 Ris _neglegible ” H £ = | are diLe TA ia same ay series resonance Zim ! i 1 iese" Miclgeal | — Vine eat - 7 ; 7 t i ! i »£ ° £ Ba pabk) des =| Pn De source, the - [Dn ac | here + Source » the frequency is ZEE° Frequency fs prevt = SSO oof at J DELTA om 45, System means three wires There are 5S different wires R 7 & _N_( Newral) 4 2 phase _batance __cfreuit —= | syste —tnat dos ——shange ised | to be balanced: The value eR magnitude is same throu = ghouk the mes 3_- wire system i i NS ee re L + ate / —-* / DELTA mag by - — vhe wires commer, = OTF R= Red erg > Yellow Csometims voWte) L . | RY GB -* Positive Trey = __Negative = vals = [val he megainde ——+__same_—_and__ceparaled by 120°! 4_fach + Tr ns =—.The__voltage between neutral and ire dk 4. | Possible do Carry newr| Neutral wotre fe not -ol' to the load» available - “S| Tt provides a a race, Tk provides a 3- phase 4 4 - wire arrang ment 3- wire arrangmant- = Star Connection connection, the three wires comected at a __ point , vohich caMled star point “oR Neutra + Thin _comnectinn gives S-phase f-_ wire arcan' b medi wire iA drawn / connected from, and i ty n SSSCS=*~“ €och { Linh 5k connected: with _iks | current in Series is SAME: Current in Ling R= Current in Line Y = Ty Current in Line B= Star - connected three-phase netwovk Ne Ta | =e" jl DELTA \fo Wel St L - Se a= t tose i Tf the phase current has a ‘ phase difference of with phase volta vL \ = ges the toto) ir active or true power Sk gt som of a three __phase powers - Power per phase , P = Vo Tp, cos b Toto) power Citrus), P_= 3X power per phase. = 3X Vay Ga ws As” we Know Ven = Vi and Ty = Te Ve P= 5xM yt, weg I P= J3 VTi ws > ict Geendidn =. _—_ Tn delta connection » +he three wiren are. connected +o the other end of the | other wires The three wires are connected series to form a mesh+ Three wires are drawn ftom the. _junetions n. oin currents €% 5 aa 4 i ik gives 3= phase 3- wire _arrangmen’~__ P-T-0 Rblation pbelween Line current CT.) and Phase current (Toh) 2 mat > Be find the Line elkage in the lin DELTA \PoNo\ 53. Tee Toe = Tas —[Necter_pifere Te = Tye + (- aT ia) [Lvecter sum | Ty = Jie tI ye 4 204) Dag tos'60° fs = Fam Law “I = Ss Aho siyiPach tilign Eas | = IZ2+ Dy + Bek Len + : = Jri+ Ti+ Uh isze = FT. [Zi = J= Lol Relation belween Line voltage (Vi) and Ph race voltage (Ven) = Tn detta - connected ystems only one 2 oye j of line + When the _Souree ik connected _to a i ce n ifference in__the two lines _ds__equal to _the Voltage whieh is __ pass md the phase finding because the value of voltage mn parallel ig AME + | Voltage between Lines Rand Y= Very of — * DELTA 0" 54 ene Voltage. pelween Nand 8 _VoHage between Rand © Sen ome ST DELTA fo \ 56, ewer per phase, P = Ven Lon 3 § 3 _X power per phase ZX Nap Ty os My and Fp, = Te Zz. Pius BX Moy Ty twos B.ot JB Vibuios, > 27-09-18 Assi a - deri There _are basically Hnaree tunes of magn pre de materials :- iy $ Motkerials 2} Diamagnelic _Medserials ——# Ferromagne Ric __Matertaty af, DELTA COM 5 See: Gene matrials Sike alumintum (AU, Tin Sn in Pt M i mM 7 n) ete: i relative Aluminium ~ }1+ 00000065 (_ Air — 1+ 000003) _ Platinum — |+ 00036 2- Diamagnedic Materials _ Those _moteriala weak magne -te fields — orhitel cevoly . : oad Cit _ ptbeCe ee = rere i. material ik etre (z 5 M Lg) ‘Lead coe) Ey ot2), Thei piceaked iLiky da sti ight ese Lan unity: Bismuth — 0-99983 |_ Copper - 0: 999995 d- 6-9999995 - | Ferro agnekic Materials | Thoce materi: | aktracted by a Ma TReic | Dermaeh’ is leh Gvaryin | “Som et hondee at ee ane te |_-ands)- | Some _makerials Uke fron, chee ~t, Nickel , Cobalt and come of L their allo ye. bee When magnetic | materia |=} is ploced in a magnetic field [| i i ea ed an | | i Od AN a timex He value that War pres ment in the free space before | the material waa placed there - Q Ferromagnetic materials TWese _moaterialt sohich have high | elative PR si fi Datef ree 5. eat ae aay a | Sma hysteresis -—— 7 = ome are fon or 4s__aMlays win _mickel_»—tohalt »—_ aluminium £ Aurgstun. and : | hi suitable for applications in_ —_| slecitmmagnets; electeic motors rt Xb) Those materials vohich have relative Low _permacbility and __high cpercive, force + Tt iy — ditfCreure "to _magn | -elize and demagnetize- | Some | cobalt and steel and __various able ys of nickel 5 aluminium and at Te has _high Celatively. hy steves' Jos and a amce4 magnet in loudspeakers te: ce) Ferrites 4 Those m i i H b. een Fercomagned¢ and __non= magnetic — high permae bility material and ———~ held with binding resin + Th magneiiaa Hon ia___lacge enough Date) DELTA P05 9, t jbud__its _magne¥ic_ saturation a not | high —Ww Soft Ferrites Those _moabertals which have a square. n hi i n Xo demagnetization: Examples are Fe, Oz, , NiD™, MnO, ZnO ete. Hard - Feerttes | Those matertala which have @& th ol structure and tou in cost and density" Tres basic _ composition fs MoO. Fe, 0 aohere M fic @ Rarfum (Ra ion or a ctrentium (Sr) fons Th fs used in generator . Celoyc, motors ete + TE a also used in electro =nic aa we oA in doily Life. ALNICO (Aluminium — Nickek~ Cobalk) is the ex ception har i moterial and its Magnet are used in motors upto 2ookw. t =| The Space around tne poles of a | ingens’ , a G |__=| A__magnet contains invisible! lines of forces” + = | | | otmef yp” DELIA" be | Eh, = | The total numberof hints of > _|_-ferces Surrounding —a——_Magnet da caMed mm gnetic— flux. i =. t BH “Curve a ‘eee tidy Aaa eee aed fot ——{-felaWonship bet {seta nets anal sagnelic field and reach oat Point GB, ik reac hea at maximum per ri = Caure | it wha Maximum magne fi ained the object _an that it reached at jnt C4 the t object da fa Ly magnetized and behave On magaale =| The time we. rub an — object aagatn Jest > an magnetic ra lerial fact Yn ox time 9 the Object wild he magne Haed. - | The graph ia floated ob point —C hecause , the obje noe Sotu rated | and then it behaved Uke an mag net > Tks atomic _chipoles are : ae Electrical Magne He mmf = nxt > Reluctance ae DELIA uM G9 TE, . - | “ee ne ——fa n__electrical device or Machine ——L-whtch —changes volta, euof Jan | —— alternating "current" usi trout =} Ra constant —uattl we does not change s £135. emf ——F DELTA \P0 MA. 63 =| Tt induce the emf stat the iron __core 3 and change oltage profile ( Jevel)« F=-ndo eke N_= Nomber of urns tn Yne can * | S— Sign show the opposite fecce.- — | Te we eqvote the value of two Energizer Ey and E e-a.l Ey = 10: E 250 Eee oi Eu, 2 E,=DEr Step - vp & Skep~ down trawsformer vi TE N,N, , then it fc skep= op trawsformer: ' — | Te +aken input __ and Giver high —ur- stepr down trana- TEN SNz 4) then Tt is ay i ot, DFLTA mf foomer: - — DL takes, Lapus.- and ape Sow oubput 1 where It Ni 5 Namba ab data on. primary sie” Ng = Number of turns on secondary cde Taeal an \d_Practical Tranafermer Tacal- “Trawafarmer im AS drawstors emer slg — whieh haa _giuing —fnpud— power to - get _ exact! y ___output power: Its. | lucien nee da ZER0 and _its_permeabili | is INFINITE- ts — ~sPbteianty— sk | 100% + Te hos mo _losses_ happens aciical “Tromafecmer A trousformer 5 er has givin pata chaiy! ali rad date/ 7 DELTA Po M65 cael > DELTA oH —_ 7 ae. hoy a Rese DSSeA Yhe > either it sath or_not and 4nat? Aadhg ig is cated fixed ~Insse-______* dd) Eddy current lossedr ob Hyske re is Locces aly ‘The -4 is cated Ldhen tn i Tne magna flux is -d ——? (Ns) a iron During thi | 4+he fron tn tne ore. ares ina contact and the atoms are very. close and te hehover a4 short 4- scicuit and 4he current starts Flowing from it in Jossex ha current ° Ke = Constant of eddy current Ke = Form constant i Bmax = Maximum flux density fs _¢ Frequency Tt can be reduced but not compiedl -t ciimini h it ir cut _into thin slices dnd Yen Lam =nated and then combined it _by _resine cl Hystere: is Loss These losses happen _due to electrical rc wohich. sks required to real =gn tne domain of the ferro. = ic materials present in the core of transformer: When alkrnatt =ng current is Supplied _to primary. indi CNe) an ts inds -—ced in tne ferromagnetic masters =a) ushtch disturbs the alignments | of tne domains and __after _+th do not okign properly « The result ig that the contineous reversals of the elementary magnets are happen - its mathemoalcal expression is saNere y ___ - Ph = Hysteresis Power Loss — Ka = Co © Leresis fy -+-heppen __clue inter | ef the - al happen in the. i | windin me primary and Secondar: ) = of ane tira : i esi Cu) and +2 losses are in it hat’ wohy 4k “oe © Cra re n cca the mati ca exp jon is L« Opp 0 = 2g O22 TP Ro, = Ti Rex I, = Current Flowing in primary wins current flowin in secondary wind =__Trternal resistance of primary win: Ra = fylernd resistance of secondary win. p Bs Hu Re _X_ WWW rer AWA —$—$o __— -Practical Transforme Coerctye Force %- The inten sity of magnetizing fretd required to educe e £I density fn a material to ZERO. £ a material fs magne ticalty satu rated , +he coercive force is “maxim =uMm and it is. ceferred as coerct = MiG 2] Saturation * A point at which a I material canneat be more dissolved = ™ DeitA om Fe, Date) DELTA Pan HI o as Ra Xs Z, Rg Ny Ky . ! mapa The current i precent in primar coil after no Load is connected to econdary coil i called no load curren’ + The no load __ current has ‘hon parts Lose Current (Te) netic Fie! i crent (Fm ee ee The Re in for show loss’ far coleu Lation pucpose* The Xm is to develop the Flux © Vink +h econdary | wil+ Modified Network Refere a to _primory slde network P:T20_ | a Date) DELIA\om\ 72 ®t A iy hoot tle cay Ca) : | a ~ - Regulation The change in secondary [age when raled load Sak ig ot specific power is removed + Zo Date: 23/10/18 Page No. celecHng TAS Tn i =z as 3 - | EI ee Ts wll Na li cL v tgs v

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