Meen 19111101 (Umair Khalid)

Finite Element Methods Lab
(MEEN-4254)
Lab Manual
Instructor Engr. Waqas Tahir
Submitted By Umair Khalid
Regd. No. MEEN-19111101
Semester Eighth
Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering &

Information Technology,
Rahim Yar Khan
Finite Element Methods Lab (MEEN-4254)
List of Experiments
Sr. No. Lab Sessions
1. Introduction to ANSYS
2. Simply Supported Beam Analysis with UDL Load
3. Simply supported beam with point Load at center
4. Cantilever beam with Load at free end
5. Simply supported Beam with UDL Load and Point load
6. I-Beam with UDL Load
7. Heat Flux & Temperature Distribution Analysis of beam
8. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Laminar Flow through a pipe
9.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Turbulent Flow through a pipe
10. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of convergent-divergent Nozzle
11. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Lift and Drag on NACA Airfoil
12. Open Ended Lab

Lab 01 Introduction to Ansys Software
Introduction to ANSYS Software
Objective
Introduction to ANSYS workbench. Its application and types in detail.
Theory
INTRODUCTION
ANSYS is a general-purpose finite element-modeling package for numerically solving a wide

variety of mechanical problems. These problems include: static/dynamic structural analysis
(both linear and non-linear), heat transfer and fluid problems, as well as acoustic and electro-
magnetic problems. ANSYS Workbench is a software platform used for simulation,
engineering design, and product development. It is a powerful tool that enables engineers and
designers to simulate and analyze various physical phenomena such as stress, heat transfer,
fluid flow, electromagnetic fields, and structural behavior. The software provides a graphical
user interface (GUI) that allows users to create and modify models, define material properties,
boundary conditions, and loads, and run simulations.
ANSYS Workbench supports a variety of analysis types, including;
• Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
• Electromagnetic Analysis
A partial list of industries in which ANSYS is used:
• Aerospace--- Electronics & Appliances

• Automotive--- Heavy Equipment & Machinery
• Biomedical--- MEMS - Micro Electromechanical Systems
• Bridges & Buildings--- Sporting Goods
The software also includes a wide range of post-processing tools, allowing users to analyze and
interpret simulation results. Overall, ANSYS Workbench is a versatile and powerful software
platform that helps engineers and designers to develop and optimize products faster, with
greater accuracy and efficiency.
Figure 1: ANSYS Classic Environment for exposure to all ANSYS functionality
Components and product lines
There are three main component products derived from ANSYS Multiphysics:
• ANSYS Mechanical – structural & thermal capabilities

• ANSYS Emag – electromagnetics
• ANSYS FLOTRAN – CFD capabilities
Other product lines:
• ANSYS LS-DYNA – for highly nonlinear structural problems

• ANSYS Professional – linear structural and thermal analyses, a subset of ANSYS
Mechanical capabilities
ANSYS Design Space – linear structural and steady-state thermal analyses, a subset of
ANSYS Mechanical capabilities in the Workbench Environment.
1. Structural analysis: is used to determine deformations, strains, stresses, and

Reaction forces.
2. Static analysis:
✓ –Used for static loading conditions.
✓ –Nonlinear behavior such as large deflections, large strain, contact, plasticity,

hyper elasticity, and creep can be simulated.
3. Dynamic analysis:
✓ Includes mass and damping effects.
✓ Modal analysis calculates natural frequencies and mode shapes.
✓ Harmonic analysis determines a structure’s response to sinusoidal loads of
✓ known amplitude and frequency.
✓ Transient Dynamic analysis determines a structure’s response to time-varying loads
and can include nonlinear behavior.
• Other structural capabilities
✓ Spectrum analysis
✓ Random vibrations
✓ Eigen value buckling
✓ Substructuring, submodeling
ANSYS Advantages
Some advantages of ANSYS Workbench include:
• Integration: ANSYS Workbench offers seamless integration between various ANSYS

software products, allowing engineers to perform complex simulations in a single
environment.
• Customization: ANSYS Workbench allows users to customize their simulation
workflows, enabling them to develop and apply their own simulation methodologies.
• Parametric modeling: ANSYS Workbench supports parametric modeling, enabling
engineers to quickly explore design alternatives and evaluate the impact of design
changes on performance.
• High-performance computing: ANSYS Workbench can leverage high-performance
computing resources, allowing engineers to perform large and complex simulations that
would otherwise be impossible.
• Collaboration: ANSYS Workbench enables engineers to share their simulation results
with colleagues, facilitating collaboration and decision-making.
ANSYS Workbench Interface
The ANSYS Workbench is designed to be user-friendly and intuitive, allowing users to easily
navigate through different simulation workflows, drag and drop components to create models,
and apply loads and boundary conditions with interactive tools. The interface also includes
features such as multi-physics simulation capabilities, automated meshing tools, and
customizable reports and plots for visualizing simulation results.
Overall, the ANSYS Workbench interface provides a streamlined and efficient way for
engineers and analysts to perform complex simulations and analyze results, helping to reduce
design cycle time and optimize product performance.
Figure 02: Workbench Interface
Element table:
The primary data results are directly available for all elements in post processor. The secondary
data or derived data (stresses, strains, Von mises stress, principal stress, etc.) is available only
for solid elements. The problems where solid model is created and meshed) directly through
nodal solution results in the post processor, but not available to line elements like (beam, link,
etc.). To get the secondary data for line elements, we need to define the element table for the
particular element to get the required data. For example to get axial stress for the linkelement,
you must go to Ansys help, type link180 and see the link180 definitions and sequence no. for
the link1. Through the post processor you have to create element table > define > by sequence
no. – LS1 and plot > element tables > LS1 gives theaxial stress for the problem
➢ Toolbox
The ANSYS Workbench Toolbox is a collection of tools and features that are available in the
ANSYS Workbench interface for engineering simulation. These tools and features are
organized into various categories, such as modeling, meshing, solving, and post-processing,
and are designed to make it easier for engineers and analysts to create, solve, and analyze
complex simulations.
Some of the key tools and features in the ANSYS Workbench Toolbox include:
• Geometry Modeling: ANSYS Workbench allows users to create and modify 3D

models using a variety of tools, including sketches, extrusions, revolves, and sweeps.
• Meshing: ANSYS Workbench includes advanced meshing tools that can automatically
generate high-quality meshes for complex geometries, as well as tools for manually
refining meshes and applying boundary conditions.
• Solvers: ANSYS Workbench supports a range of solvers for various physics, including
structural, fluid dynamics, electromagnetics, and thermal analysis.
• Post-processing: ANSYS Workbench provides tools for visualizing and analyzing
simulation results, including customizable plots, animations, and reports.
• Design Exploration: ANSYS Workbench also includes tools for design exploration
and optimization, allowing users to evaluate multiple design options and identify the
best performing designs.
Overall, the ANSYS Workbench Toolbox provides a comprehensive set of tools and features
for engineering simulation, making it a powerful platform for product design and optimization.
Project Schematic
The ANSYS Project Schematic is a graphical interface that allows engineers and analysts to
create, manage, and organize simulation models in ANSYS Workbench. The Project Schematic
provides a visual representation of the simulation model and its components, including;
• Geometry
• Mesh
• Materials
• Loads, and Boundary conditions
In the Project Schematic, users can add components to the simulation model by dragging and
dropping them from the Toolbox onto the workspace. These components can then be connected
together to form a complete simulation model. The Project Schematic also allows users to
define simulation settings, such as solver settings, time steps, and convergence criteria.
Figure 02: Project Schematic
➢ Cell and System

In ANSYS Workbench, a Cell is a container that holds all of the data, settings, and results for
a single simulation. A Cell can be thought of as a self-contained unit that represents a single
simulation model, and it can be added, removed, or modified within an ANSYS Workbench
Project.
Each analysis system within a Cell is typically designed to solve a specific type of engineering
problem, such as;
• Structural Analysis
• Thermal analysis
• Fluid dynamics analysis
Users can select the appropriate analysis system for their specific simulation needs, and then
customize it by adding or modifying components as needed.
Overall, the Cell and analysis system structure in ANSYS Workbench provides a flexible and
powerful way for engineers and analysts to organize and manage their simulation models. By
using Cells and analysis systems, users can more easily create, modify, and solve simulation
models, and they can more effectively collaborate with others in a shared simulation
environment.
Project Schematic Workflow
The project schematic in ANSYS Workbench is a visual representation of the simulation

workflow that allows you to create, manage, and run simulations efficiently. Here are the
typical steps to create a project schematic in ANSYS Workbench:
• Create a new project: Open ANSYS Workbench and create a new project by selecting
"File" -> "New Project." Choose a descriptive name and location for your project and
select the analysis type you want to perform.
• Add components to your project: Add the necessary components to your project, such
as geometry, materials, loads, and boundary conditions. You can add components by
right-clicking on the "Project Schematic" tab and selecting "Insert."
• Organize components in the schematic: Organize the components in the schematic by
dragging and dropping them from the toolbox to the workspace. You can also group
components together for easier organization.
• Connect components: Connect the components by adding connections between them.

This defines the simulation workflow and ensures that the analysis is performed in the
correct order. To add a connection, click on the "Connection" tool in the toolbox and
click on the output port of one component and the input port of another component.
• Configure component settings: Configure the settings for each component as necessary.
You can access the settings for each component by double-clicking on it in the
schematic.
• Save the project schematic: Save the project schematic by selecting "File" -> "Save
Project" or by pressing Ctrl+ S.
• Run the simulation: After you have created and configured your project schematic, you
can run the simulation by selecting "Solution" -> "Analysis Type" -> "Run."
• Analyze results: Once the simulation is complete, you can analyze the results by
selecting "Solution" -> "Analysis Type" -> "Solution Information" and viewing the
results in the corresponding tabs.
Figure 03: Project Workflow
ANSYS Context Menu Operation
The ANSYS Workbench Context Menu is a powerful feature that provides quick access to
frequently used tools and commands. Here are some of the common operations that can be
performed using the Context Menu in ANSYS Workbench:
• Rename: You can use the Rename command to rename a component, load, boundary
condition, material, or any other item in the project schematic.
• Duplicate: You can use the Duplicate command to create a copy of a component or
any other item in the project schematic. This is useful when you want to create multiple
versions of a component with slight variations.
• Delete: You can use the Delete command to remove a component, load, boundary
condition, material, or any other item from the project schematic.
• Properties: You can use the Properties command to access the properties of a
component, load, boundary condition, material, or any other item in the project
schematic. This allows you to modify the properties of the item.
• Copy/Paste: You can use the Copy and Paste commands to copy and paste
components, loads, boundary conditions, materials, or any other items in the project
schematic.
• Replace: You can use the Replace command to replace a component or any other item
in the project schematic with another item. This is useful when you want to replace a
component with a newer version.
• Create Connection: You can use the Create Connection command to create a
connection between components in the project schematic. This allows you to simulate
the interaction between components.
• Insert: You can use the Insert command to insert a new component, load, boundary
condition, material, or any other item into the project schematic.
• Import/Export: You can use the Import and Export commands to import and export
project schematic files in various formats.
Steps Involve in Simulation
ANSYS Workbench is a powerful software platform that allows you to perform simulations for
a wide range of engineering applications. Here are the typical steps involved in an ANSYS
Workbench simulation:
• Define the geometry: The first step is to define the geometry of the system you want
to simulate. You can either import an existing geometry or create a new one using
ANSYS Design Modeler.
• Create a mesh: Next, create a mesh that accurately represents the geometry of the
system. ANSYS Meshing provides a range of meshing tools to create high-quality
meshes for complex geometries.
• Assign material properties: Assign the appropriate material properties for each
component of the system. ANSYS Workbench provides a library of material properties
for common materials and the ability to define custom materials.
• Define boundary conditions: Define the boundary conditions for the system, such as
loads and constraints. ANSYS Workbench provides a range of boundary condition
types to simulate different scenarios.
• Set up the simulation: Configure the simulation settings, such as the type of analysis
and the solver options. ANSYS Workbench provides a range of solvers, including
structural mechanics, fluid dynamics, and electromagnetic simulations.
• Run the simulation: Run the simulation and monitor the progress. ANSYS Workbench
provides a range of tools to analyze the simulation results, such as convergence
monitoring and solution monitoring.
• Post-process the results: Once the simulation is complete, analyze the results using
ANSYS Workbench's post-processing tools. These tools allow you to visualize the
results, extract data, and create reports.
• Verify and validate the results: Verify and validate the simulation results by
comparing them with experimental data or other simulation results. ANSYS
Workbench provides a range of tools to perform model verification and validation.
Introduction to design modeling
➢ Design Modeling
The ANSYS Design Modeler training course will teach users how to create and modify their
geometry in preparation for their analysis in ANSYS Workbench, this course is intended for
both FEA and CFD users. Students who attend this course learn how to:
• Using the graphical user interface to get around.

• In order to prepare for their analyses, they must develop, alter, and/or clean up their
geometry.
• Create two-dimensional drawings and transform them to two-dimensional or three-
dimensional models.
• Modify the geometry in two and three dimensions.

• ANSYS Design Modeler allows you to import existing CAD geometry.
• In preparation for FE beam analysis, build line bodies and their cross sections.
• Prepare surface bodies for FE shell analysis by constructing surface bodies. 8. Putting
together sample assemblies
• Make use of parameters.
• These are the measures that concept modelling entails.
Overview of various Important Research (analysis) Systems
System analysis is the practice of planning, designing, and maintaining Software systems. As
a profession, it resembles a technology-focused type of business analysis. A system analyst is
typically involved in the planning of projects, delivery of solutions, and troubleshooting of
production problems. The following are common types of system analysis.
• Requirements: Specifying non-functional requirements such as system availability.

• Project Planning: Contributing estimates, assumptions and constraints to project
planning initiatives. A system analyst may act as an information technology expert who
advises a project.
• Data Analysis: Data analysis such as an evaluation of data quality.
• Integration Analysis: Planning integration of processes, systems, services and data.
• Measurement & Benchmarking: Developing technology metrics and benchmarks.
• Capability Analysis: Evaluating the capabilities of products technologies,
infrastructure, services, platforms and APIs.
• Prototyping: Prototyping design alternatives such as products, platforms and APIs:
• Design: Designing solutions such as a software design or data model.
• Risk Management: Identification and analysis of information technology risks. For
example, an analysis of the risk associated with legacy systems.
• Incidents & Problems: Troubleshooting incidents and resolving the root cause of
problems
• Quality Assurance: The process of preventing problems and continually improving
systems.
General types of analysis in ANSYS

➢ Structural analysis
It will be either linear or non-linear. The linear model analysis assumes that the material
does not deform (permanent deformation) plastically. Non-linear models separate
contact conditions (contact with lift-off) when stressing material past elastic capabilities
into the plastic range or bending more significantly than 10% of the model length (large
deformation). At this point, material properties change, and stresses in the material will
vary with the amount of deformation. The vibrational analysis tests a model for its
natural, resonant frequencies (to avoid a rattling muffler during idle conditions, or other
failure such as happened with the Tacoma Narrows bridge) random vibrations, shock,
and impact. Each of these incidences may act on the natural vibrational frequency of
the model, which, in turn, may cause resonance and subsequent failure.
➢ Fatigue analysis
It helps designers to predict the life of a model by showing the effects of cyclic loading
on the part/assembly. Fatigue is responsible for approximately 80% of all structural
failures.
Figure 4: Fatigue analysis
➢ Heat Transfer analysis

It shows the conductivity or thermal properties of the model. This may be either steady
state or transient transfer. Steady-state transfer refers to constant thermal properties that
yield linear heat diffusion and where time is not a factor in either the loading of thermal
properties or in reading results at various time increments. Non-linear will usually
involve time, radiation, and/or changing thermal properties in the material or through
convection.
Figure 5: Heat Transfer analysis
➢ Vibration analysis
It consists of several types: fundamental or natural frequencies, with or without pre-
stressing forced vibration, noise-vibration-harshness or randomly induced vibration
such as would be experienced in an earthquake. Workbench Simulation helps determine
if a part or structure is susceptible to environmental vibrations, as with might be
experienced with rotating equipment or other induced vibrations (picture an opera
singer breaking a glass, or the Tacoma Narrows bridge collapse).
Figure 6: Vibration analysis

➢ Colormaps
In ANSYS the intensity of solution parameters are
displayed in form of colors. The following
colormaps are automatically available in ANSYS
FLUENT:
a) BGRB: Blue represents the minimum and

maximum values, and green and red are
values 1/3 and 2/3 of the maximum value,
respectively. Colors in between are
interpolated from blue to green, from green to
red, and from red to blue.
b) Blue: The minimum value is represented by
blue-black, and the maximum value by pure
blue.
c) Cyan-yellow: Cyan represents the minimum
value and yellow represents the maximum value.
d) FEA: Blue represents the minimum value and red represents the maximum value. The
colors in between are those used in third-party finite element analysis packages.
e) Gray: Black is used for the minimum value and white for the maximum value.
f) Green: The minimum value is represented by green-black, and the maximum value by
pure green.
g) Purple-Magenta: Purple represents the minimum value and magenta represents the
maximum value.
h) RED: The minimum value is represented by red-black, and the maximum value by pure
red.
i) RGB: Red represents the minimum value, green the middle, and blue the maximum value.
Colors in between are interpolated from red to green, and from green to blue.
➢ Harmonic analysis
It is used to determine the steady-
state response of a linear structure to
loads that vary sinusoidally
(harmonically) with time. The
results encompass the structure’s
response at several frequencies and
provide graphs or animations of a
response quantity, such as
displacement versus frequency. Harmonic analysis is supported in Workbench Simulation
when using an ANSYS Professional or higher-level license.
CLO-1: Understand the basic concepts of ANSYS tools. PLO-5 (P3)
Rubrics
Marks CLO1 – Level P3 mapped to PLO5 (Modern Engineering Tools)
0-3 Incorrect understanding of interface, usage, application of ANSYS

software.
4-5 Correct understanding of interface, usage, application of ANSYS software

with major mistakes.

with minor mistakes.

without mistakes.
Lab 02 Simply Supported Beam Analysis with UDL
Lab Session 2
Objective
To Calculate the maximum deflection of 900 m long Simply Supported Beam which is Fixed
support at one end and Roller at the other end. If this beam is loaded with a uniformly
distributed load of 8000N and Young’s Modulus of the material is 210000 N/mm2 while cross
section of beam is 35 mm width and height is 45 mm and Mesh sizing 5mm, do Simulation on
ANSYS and Compare results with Theoretical calculations.
Static Structural
A static structural analysis determines the displacements, stresses, strains, and forces in
structures or components caused by loads that do not induce significant inertia and damping
effects. Steady loading and response conditions are assumed; that is, the loads and the
structure's response are assumed to vary slowly with respect to time.
Structural Analysis involves determining the stresses and strains in a structure, when subjected
to a variety of loading conditions, under static or dynamic conditions. The term structural (or
structure) implies not only naval, aeronautical and mechanical structures such as ship hulls,
aircraft bodies and machine housings, as well as mechanical components such as pistons,
machine parts, and tools but also civil engineering structures such as bridges and buildings.
The primary unknowns (nodal degrees of freedom) calculated in a structural analysis are
displacements. Other quantities, such as strains, stresses, and reaction forces are then derived
from the nodal displacement
The large size problems handled by modern digital computers connected with static and
dynamic analysis of complicated structures are generally of the form
M   •
••
+ C  + K u = F (t )
u u
   
Where [M] is the global mass matrix, [C] the global damping matrix and [K] the global stiffness
matrix. {F(t)} is a given forcing function vector in time,
{ } is the resultant acceleration vector, and {u} represent its velocity and displacement vectors
respectively. Generally, [M], [C] and [K] are banded. Depending upon the nature of these
coefficients, the problems are classified as static, dynamic, linear and non-linear. The following
are some of the specific classifications:
1. When [C] = 0, [M] = 0, [K] and {F (t)} are constants, the result is a static linear problem.
2. When [M] and [C] are absent, and [K] is a function of {u} and {F (t)} a constant the
result is a nonlinear static problem.
3. If {F (t)} and [C] are absent, and [M] and [K] are constants, it is an Eigen value problem.
4. If [M], [C] and [K] are constants and {F(t)} is a periodic forcing function, the result is
a multi- degree of freedom steady state vibration problem
5. If [M], [C] and [K] are constants and {F(t)} is a function of time, the result is a transient
vibration problem.
External excitation and the response are time-dependent.
Modal Analysis ( Eigen Value Problems)
• Used to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structure. Different
mode extraction methods are available.
Transient Dynamic Analysis Used to determine the response of a structure to arbitrarily time-
varying loads. All nonlinearities mentioned under Static Analysis are allowed.
Harmonic Analysis Used to determine the response of a structure to harmonically time-

varying loads.
Spectrum Analysis -An extension of the modal analysis, used to calculate stresses and strains
due to a response spectrum or a PSD input (random vibrations).
Eigen Value Problems
Let [A] {u} = λ {u}, where [A] is a symmetric square matrix of size (n x n). There exist ‘n’
non-trivial solutions for {u} of size (n x 1) each corresponding to ‘n’ distinct λ values. Values
of ‘λ’are known as Eigen values and corresponding {u} are the Eigen vectors. Eigen value
problems arise in the following cases:
Buckling: [M] {ű} + [K] {u} = 0, ‘λi’ indicates critical/ buckling load and {ui} is the
corresponding buckling mode.
Heat Transfer[K] {φ} = λ [C] {φ}, where [K] is the heat conduction matrix, [C] is the heat
capacitance matrix, ‘λ’ is the thermal Eigen value and {φ} is the thermal mode shape.
Vibration {[K] – λ [M]} {Q} = 0, where √λi = ωi is the ith natural frequency and
{Qi} the ith vibration mode.
In the theoretical modal analysis method (fig.1) the spatial properties of the modal (mass,
stiffness and damping) are given and using them modal and response modal are obtained. In
theoretical modalanalysis one cannot forecast accurate boundary conditions, actual rigidity and
damping for complex engineering structures and component. So the calculated results often
have certain error with actual result. The Numerical modal analysis method using the Finite
element modeling software like NASTRAN, ANSYS enables engineers to get a better
understanding of dynamic properties of structures
The experimental modal analysis path from response modal (fig 2) and not so often ending
with spatial modal. Experimental modal analysis used to derive the modal of a linear time-
invariant vibratory system. Modal analysis using vibrometer is non- destructive testing, based
on vibration response of the structures. For excitation, impact hammer is widely used in modal
analysis. It is well known that for structures falling under resonant conditions small force can
result in large deformation, and possibly, damage can be induced in the structure. The
interaction between the inertial and elastic properties of the materials causes resonant vibration
in the structures. Modal is frequently used to find mode of vibration of machine components in
the structure.
You will configure your static structural analysis in the Mechanical application, which uses the
ANSYS, ABAQUS, or the Same solver, depending on which system you selected, to compute
the solution. The types of loading that can be applied in a static analysis include:
• Externally applied forces and pressures
• Steady-state inertial forces (such as gravity or rotational velocity)
• Imposed (nonzero) displacements
• Temperatures (for thermal strain)
A static structural analysis can be either linear or nonlinear. All types of nonlinearities are
allowed large deformations, plasticity, stress stiffening, contact (gap) elements, hyper elasticity
and so on.
Procedure of Modeling and Analysis in Static Structure
1. Create Analysis System
From left, Analysis System toolbox opening Static Structure Analysis form and set the required
units in millimeter and then Save the Project.
2. Engineering Data
Double click on the Engineering data and add the Young’s Modulus value of the
necessary material i.e., Mild Steel.
3. Geometry
Open the geometry, Select the XY-Plane and draw the rectangle from Sketch option and click
on the Dimension option to do the Dimensioning according to the given dimensions (35 × 45).
Now Extrude the Sketch 900m long and then click on Generate.
Definition
Source D:\8th Semester\Ansys Lab\Lab 2\lab 2 (Meen-19111101)

\dp0\SYS\DM\SYS.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Body Color
Bounding Box
Length X 35. mm
Length Y 45. mm
Length Z 900. mm
4. Model
Adequate mesh density on contact surface can be used to distribute contact stresses smoothly.
The mesh should be able to capture the effects of non-linearity, if you want linearity. Now apply
meshing on the model with the sizing value 5 mm and then click on a generate mesh.
5. Setup
All inertial load, structural, imported and interaction loads are applicable. Loads and supports
also vary depending on time. In Static Structural, apply boundary condition like fixed support
at one end and Roller (displacement) at the other end. Keep X and Y components is constant
in displacement support. Now exert force at the above face of the beam with 8000N magnitude
value and set the direction along the Y-axis (downward).
6. Solution
Now click on the solution and insert the required Deformation and Stress and to calculate, Total
Deformation, Directional Deformation and Equivalent Stress.
➢ Results
All Structural result types except frequencies are available as result of a static analysis. Open
the static structural and select the required solution and then solve.
Table: Result
Definition
Type Directional Deformation Total Deformation Equivalent (von-Mises)

Stress
Results
Minimum -1.3727 mm 0 mm 0.12698 MPa
Maximum 0 mm 1.3772 mm 131.87 MPa
7. Directional Deformation
Experimental result of Directional deformation is -1.3727 mm.
8. Total Deformation
Experimental result of Total deformation is 1.3772 mm.

➢ Theoretical Calculations
Given Data:
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑙 = 900𝑚𝑚
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 𝑏 = 35𝑚𝑚
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ℎ = 45𝑚𝑚
𝑈𝐷𝐿 = 8000𝑁
𝑁
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 = 𝐸 = 210000
𝑚𝑚2
Solution:
As we know, Deflection of Simply Supported Beam with UDL is;
5𝑊𝐿3
𝛿=
384𝐸𝐼
Now, Moment of Inertia is;
𝑏ℎ3
𝐼=
12
35 × 453
𝐼=
12
𝑰 = 𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Deflection of Simply supported beam is;
5 × 8000 × 9003
𝛿=
384 × 210000 × 265781
𝜹 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎
9. Equivalent Stress
Equivalent stress on ANSYS, the stress analysis in the geometry window will be displayed.
The colors are shown side by side with the minimum and maximum values.
Comments
In this Lab,
• There is a 0.01 mm variation in Deflection between the theoretical and experimental

results. Due to some systematic mistake, this difference is quite small.
• We can also examine how the corresponding forces work on the Simply supported beam
with UDL.
• We also see the Animation, which helps us understand how deflection or other factors
affect the beam. Maximum deflection of 1.3772 mm will occur when 131.37 MPa acts
on the beam.
• Positive deflection refers to the downward displacement or bending of a beam. For a
simply supported beam, positive deflection occurs when the beam is subjected to a load
that causes it to bend in a concave shape with the top surface in compression and the
bottom surface in tension.
CLO-1: Modelling and analysis to find stress Strain and deformation. PLO-5 (P3)
Rubric 1
0-3 Modelling and analysis is not carried out accurately. Analysis of key
features like stress, strain and deformation are also not accurate
4-5 Modelling and analysis is carried out accurately with major mistakes
Analysis of key features like stress, strain and deformation are also not
accurate.
6-7 Modelling and analysis is carried out accurately with some minor
mistakes. Analysis of key features like stress, strain and deformation is
done with some minor mistakes.
8-10 Modelling and analysis is carried out accurately. Analysis of key features
like stress, strain and deformation is carried out accurately.
Lab 03 Simply supported beam with Point Load
Lab Session 3
Problem Statement
To Calculate the maximum deflection of 900 mm long Simply Supported Beam which is Fixed
support at one end and Roller at the other end. If this beam is loaded with a uniform Center
load of 8000N and Young’s Modulus of the material is 210000 N/mm^2 while cross section of
beam is 35 mm width and height is 45 mm and Mesh sizing 5mm, do Simulation on ANSYS
and Compare results with Theoretical calculations.
Statics Structural Analysis System
ANSYS Workbench is a computer-aided engineering (CAE) software that includes a module

for static structural analysis. Static structural analysis in ANSYS Workbench involves the use
of finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the behavior of a structure under static loads.
To perform a static structural analysis in ANSYS Workbench, the user must first define;
• The geometry of the structure

• Specify the material properties
• Apply the appropriate Boundary conditions and loads
The software then divides the structure into small elements and solves the equations of motion
to determine the stress, strain, and displacement at each point.
The results of the analysis can be visualized using ANSYS Workbench's post-processing tools,
which allow the user to view the stress and strain distribution throughout the structure, identify
potential failure modes, and optimize the design to improve the structure's performance and
safety.
Static Structural analysis in ANSYS Workbench is commonly used in a wide range of

engineering fields, including
• Mechanical Engineering
• Aerospace & Civil Engineering
• Biomedical Engineering etc., to evaluate the performance of structures under various
static loading conditions.
2. Engineering Data
Double click on the Engineering data and add the Young’s Modulus value of the necessary
material i.e., Mild Steel.
3. Geometry
Now Extrude the Sketch 900mm long and then click on Generate.
Now go to offset command, select edge of beam and click on end selection option, given an
offset of L1 = 450mm and click on Generate.
Definition
D:\8th Semester\Ansys Lab\Lab 3\simply supported beam with center
Source
load_files\dp0\SYS\DM\SYS.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Meters

Element Program Controlled
Control
Display Body Color
Style
Bounding Box
Length X 35. mm
Length Y 45. mm
Length Z 900. mm
➢ Face Split
Now go to face split option and split face of beam. First select the beam then on below option
select offset line and generate.
4. Model
5. Setup
In Static Structural, apply boundary condition like fixed support at one end and Roller
(displacement) at the other end. Keep X and Y components is constant in displacement support.
Now exert force at the above face of the beam as a Point Load with 8000N magnitude value
and set the direction along the Y-axis (downward).
6. Solution
➢ Results
All Structural result types except frequencies are available as a result of a static analysis. Open
Definition

Stress
Results
Minimum -0.0048614 mm 0 mm 0.054368 MPa
Maximum 0.0048614 mm 2.3138 mm 162.07 MPa
Experimental result of Directional deformation is 2.1769 mm.

Given Data:
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 8000𝑁
𝑁
𝑚𝑚2
Solution:
As we know, Deflection of Simply Supported Beam with Center load is;
𝑃𝐿3
𝛿=
48𝐸𝐼
𝑏ℎ3
𝐼=
12
35 × 453
𝐼=
12
𝑰 = 𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Maximum Deflection of Simply supported beam at point load is;
8000 × 9003
𝛿=
48 × 210000 × 265781
𝜹 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟗 𝒎𝒎
Comments
In this Lab,
• The Deflection difference between experimental and theoretical values is 0.137 mm.
Due to some systematic mistake, this difference is quite small.
• We can also examine how the same forces work on the Simply supported beam with
Point load.
• We also see the Animation, which helps us understand how deflection or other factors
affect the beam.
• Maximum deflection of 2.3138mm will occurs when 162.07 MPa acts on the
beam.
Rubric 1
accurate.
Lab 04 Cantilever Beam Analysis with Point Load
Lab Session 4
Problem Statement
support at one end and free at the other end. If this beam is loaded with a load of 1000 N and
placed Offset of 700 mm and Young’s Modulus of the material is 280000 N/mm^2 while cross-
section of the beam is 35 mm width and height is 40 mm and Mesh Sizing 5mm and do
Simulation on ANSYS and Compare results with Theoretical calculations.

• The geometry of the structures

safety.

o Mechanical Engineering
o Aerospace & Civil Engineering
o Biomedical Engineering etc., to evaluate the performance of structures under various
2. Engineering Data
Double-click on the Engineering data and add the Young’s Modulus value of the
3. Geometry
Open the geometry, Select the XY-Plane and draw the rectangle from the Sketch option and
click on the Dimension option to do the Dimensioning according to the given dimensions
(35 × 40). Now Extrude the Sketch 800 mm long and then click on Generate.
Now go to offset command, select the edge of beam and click on the end selection option,
given an offset of L1 = 700 mm and click on Generate.
➢ Face Split
select offset line and generate.
4. Model
Contact stresses can be distributed smoothly by using an adequate mesh density on the contact
surface. If you desire linearity, the mesh should be able to capture the impacts of non-linearity.
Apply meshing to the model with the size value of 5 mm and then click the produce mesh
button.
5. Setup
at one end and Free at the other end. Keep X and Y components is constant in displacement
support. Now exert force at the above face of the beam with 1000 N magnitude value and set
the direction along the Y-axis (downward).
6. Solution
➢ Results
Definition

Stress
Results
Minimum -1.3451e-003 mm 0 mm 3.5648e-006 MPa
Maximum 1.3451e-003 mm 2.6542 mm 95.277 MPa
Experimental result of Total deformation is δ=2.6562 mm.

Given Data:
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1000𝑁
𝑁
𝑚𝑚2
Solution:
As we know, Deflection of Cantilever Beam with Point Load is;
𝑃𝑎2 (3𝐿 − 𝑎)
𝛿=
6𝐸𝐼
𝑏ℎ3
𝐼=
12
35 × 403
𝐼=
12
𝑰 = 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
Deflection of Simply supported beam is;
𝑃𝑎2 (3𝐿 − 𝑎)
𝛿=
6𝐸𝐼
1000 × 7002 (2400 − 700)

𝛿=
6 × 280000 × 186666.66
𝜹 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟔𝟐 𝒎𝒎
Comments
After completing this lab session, we come to know that
1. There is a 0.002 mm differences in Deflection between experimental and theoretical

values. Due to some systematic mistake, this difference is quite small.
2. We can also observe how the corresponding forces work on the Cantilever beam with
a point load.
3. Additionally, we see the Animation, which helps us understand how deflection or
other factors affect the beam.
4. . Maximum deflection of 2.6542mm will mm occurs when 95.277 MPa acts on

the beam.
Rubric 1
accurate.
Lab 05 Simply Supported Beam Analysis
Lab Session 5
Problem Statement
support at one end and roller at the other end. If this beam is loaded with UDL load of 700 N
and placed Offset of 450 mm, also loaded with point load of 650 N with Offset of 700 mm and
Young’s Modulus of the material is 210000 N/mm^2 while cross section of beam is 35 mm
width and height is 40 mm and Mesh Sizing 5mm do Simulation on ANSYS and Compare
results with Theoretical calculations.

• The geometry of the structures

safety.

2. Engineering Data
3. Geometry
Now Extrude the Sketch 900m long and then click on Generate.
Now go to offset command, select edge of beam and click on end selection option, given an
offset of L1 = 450mm and second Offset is 700 mm and then click on Generate.
Definition
D:\8th Semester\Ansys Lab\Lab 5\Fixed beam with UDL and Point
Source
Load_files\dp0\SYS\DM\SYS.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Meters

Element Program Controlled
Control
Display Body Color
Style
Bounding Box
Length X 35. mm
Length Y 40. mm
Length Z 900. mm
➢ Face Split
select offset line and then Generate.
4. Model
5. Setup
at one end, Center and at the other end. Keep X and Y components is constant in displacement
support. Now exert force at the above face of the beam with Uniformly distributed load with
700N magnitude value and also exerted a point load with 650N magnitude placed at 700mm
Offset and set the direction along the Y-axis (downward).
6. Solution
➢ Results
Definition

Stress
Results
Maximum 8.0662e-005 mm 8.1757e-003 mm 16.969 MPa
Experimental result of Directional deformation is mm.

Comments
From this lab session, we come to know that
• We see the difference of Deflection between experimental and theoretical values

which is 0.01 mm. This Difference is very negligible due to some systematic error.
• Also, we see that how the equivalent forces are acting on the Simply supported beam
with UDL.
• We also see the Animation, to analyse the problem how deflection or other parameters
are acting on beam.
• From the solution section when 2000N and 3000N load is applied on the fixed beam,
then maximum and minimum deflection equivalent stress is max 3.3301e-003 MPa
and min 3.3301e-003 MPa respectively.
Rubric 1
accurate.
Lab 06 I-Section Beam Analysis
Lab Session 06
Problem Statement
To calculate the maximum deflection, Equivalent Stress, and Equivalent Strain of the
I-section Beam. Structural Steel as a material for I-Section beam with a value of E = 3xe7 Pa
and v = 0.3 and Mesh sizing 3 mm. Pressure is applied with a magnitude 900 Pa.
➢ Input Data:
We draw an I-section beam in ANSYS module. Specification are as follows;
W1 = W2 = 103 mm
W3 = 106 mm
T1 = T2 = 8.8mm
T3 = 7.1 mm
Length of the beam 700 mm chamfer Radius 5 mm.

• The geometry of the structure

safety.

2. Engineering Data
necessary material.
3. Geometry
Open the geometry, Select the XY-Plane and draw the I-Section from Cross section option to
choose I-Section according to dimension and then click on Generate. These are the given
dimensioning of this I-Section beam (W1 = W2 = 103 mm W3 = 106 mm). And Thickness (T1
= T2 = 8.8mm T3 = 7.1 mm).
➢ Extrude and Chamfer
Now, Extrude the model 700 mm long and then click on Generate. And apply chamfer on the
inside edge with radius 5 mm as shown in fig. below;
4. Model
5. Setup
at one end and other end. Keep X and Y components is constant in displacement support. Now
exert Pressure at the above face of the beam with 900 Pa magnitude value and set the direction
along the Y-axis (downward).
6. Solution
➢ Results
Definition

Stress
Results
Maximum 5.3155e-002 mm 1.4312 mm 0.13765 MPa
Comments
From this lab, we come to know that
• We can observe how the corresponding forces work on the I-Section beam under
pressure.
• The maximum value of direction deformation is 5.3155e-002 mm while the minimum
value is -5.3182e-002 mm.
• The maximum value of equivalent stress is 0.13765 MPa while its minimum value is
6.6399e-005 MPa.
• We also see the Animation, to analyze the problem of how deflection or other
parameters are acting on beam.
Rubric 1
accurate.
8-10 Modeling and analysis is carried out accurately. Analysis of key features
Lab 07 Steady-State Thermal Analysis
Lab Session 07
Problem Statement
A steel bar is subjected to thermal temperature condition of 950 degree Celsius at one end.
Calculate the flow of temperature through the bar with initial condition of room temperature
(22-degree Celsius). Also find out the heat flow through the bar using ANSYS Thermal
Analysis Module and verify the results with your hand calculations.
➢ Input Data:
Design a rectangular bar of 80x80 millimeter square cross-section and a length of 950 mm.
Thermal Conductivity of Bar is assumed to be 10 Wm-1oC-1. Room Temperature is 22℃ and
Mesh sizing is 5 mm. Calculate Heat flux and Temperature distribution along the length.
Steady-State Thermal Analysis System
Steady-state thermal analysis in ANSYS is a simulation technique used to analyze and predict
the thermal behavior of a system under constant or slowly changing thermal conditions. It
involves solving the steady-state heat transfer equation to determine the temperature
distribution, heat fluxes, and thermal stresses within the system.
The main objective of steady-state thermal analysis in ANSYS is to understand how heat is
transferred within the system and how temperature gradients affect its performance. It helps
engineers and analysts evaluate thermal management, identify hotspots, optimize cooling
systems, assess thermal stresses, and ensure the design meets temperature requirements.
➢ Thermal Analysis
To perform steady-state thermal analysis in ANSYS, you need
1. To create or import the geometry of the system

2. Assign appropriate material properties
3. Define boundary conditions (such as temperatures, heat fluxes, or convection
coefficients)
4. Set up the solver to solve for the steady-state temperature distribution
5. Once the solution is obtained, you can analyze the results using post-processing tools
to generate
• Temperature plots
• Heat flux distributions
• Thermal stress calculations.
Uses
Steady-state thermal analysis is widely used in various industries, including
• Aerospace
• Automotive
• Electronics
• Energy systems
to ensure the thermal reliability and performance of products and systems. It enables engineers
to make informed design decisions, optimize heat dissipation, and prevent thermal failures.
Procedure of Modeling and Analysis in Steady State Thermal
From left, Analysis System toolbox opening Steady-State Thermal Analysis form and set the
required units in millimeter and then Save the Project.
2. Engineering Data
Double click on the Engineering data and add the Thermal Conductivity value of
the necessary material i.e., Mild Steel.
3. Geometry
Open the geometry, Select the XY-Plane and draw the rectangle from Cross section option to
choose Rectangle and click on the Dimension option to do the Dimensioning according to the
given dimensions (80 × 80). Now Extrude the Sketch 950 mm long and then click on
Generate.
Geometry
E:\GDrive\Semester Data\8th
Source
Semester\Labs\FEM\AnalysisM\Meen-19111101/dp0\SYS\DM\SYS.agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Milimeters
Bounding box
Length X 80 mm
Length Y 80 mm
Length Z 700 mm
4. Model
5. Setup
In Steady-State Thermal, apply boundary condition like Room temperature 22 Celsius degree
at one end and 950 Celsius degree at the other end.
6. Solution
Now click on the solution and insert the required

➢ Results
All Thermal result types except frequencies are available as result of a Steady-State Thermal
analysis. Open the Steady-State Thermal and select the required solution and then solve.
Definition
Type Total Heat Flux Temperature Distribution
Results
Minimum 9768.4 W/m² 22. °C
Maximum 9768.4 W/m² 950. °C
7. Total Heat Flux
Experimental result of Heat Flux is 𝟗𝟕𝟔𝟖. 𝟒𝟐 𝑾. 𝒎𝟐

8. Temperature Distribution along the Length
Given Data:
𝑇1 = 22℃
𝑇2 = 950℃
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝐾 = 10 𝑊𝑚−1 ℃−1
Solution:
As we know, Heat Flux of Rectangular bar is;
∆𝑇
𝑄 = −𝐾𝐴
𝐿
𝑄 ∆𝑇
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑥 = = −𝐾
𝐴 𝐿
950 − 22
= −10 ×
0.95
𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒙 = −𝟗𝟕𝟔𝟖. 𝟒𝟐 𝑾. 𝒎𝟐
Comments
From this lab session, we observe that
• We see the difference in Heat Flux between experimental and theoretical values.
There is no error which shows that analysis is performed very accurate and precise.
• Also, we see that the temperature distribution along the length of the bar shows the
max. and minimum temperature.
• Theoretically the heat flux of a rectangular bar is calculated and have the value
of −9768.42 W. m2 . By steady state thermal analysis performed in ANSYS
gave the value of total heat flux equals to 9768.42 W. m2 .
• The thermal conduction through a bar can be observed in the simulation results
clearly.
• We also see the Animation, to analyse the problem how heat conduction or other
parameters are acting on bar.
• It is undoubtedly more efficient to gain accurate results to this objective using
FEA method.
CLO-1:
Ability to use techniques, skills and modern engineering tools using ANSYS’s different
modules i.e. Static structural, Thermal, Fluent.
Rubric 1
Marks CLO1 – Level P3 mapped to PLO5 (Modern Engineering Tools )
0-3 Modelling and analysis are not carried out accurately, help is required
with several major details. Consequently, Analysis of key features like
thermal stress, Heat Flux and the heat transfer rate is not accurate.
4-5 Modelling and analysis are carried out accurately, help is required with
minor details for the Analysis of key features like thermal stress, Heat
Flux and heat transfer rate.
6-7 Modelling and analysis are carried out accurately, no major help is
required with the Analysis of key features like thermal stress, Heat Flux
and heat transfer rate. The student is hesitant and makes few attempts
before measuring accurately.
like thermal stress, Heat Flux and the heat transfer rate is carried out
confidently and proficiently.
Lab 08 Fluid Flow (Fluent) Analysis
Lab Session 08
Problem Statement
A compressible Newtonian fluid is flowing through the cylindrical pipe of a constant radius of
diameter 0.2 m and length of 3 m and inlet velocity of 2 m/s , outlet pressure of 1 atm. Solve
the problem numerically using fluent and show the following result.
1) Pressure contour
2) Velocity vector
3) Velocity contour
Assumption:
Density of liquid = 1 kg/m3, viscosity of liquid = 2e-5 kg/ms
Fluid Flow (Fluent) Analysis System
Fluid flow analysis in ANSYS Fluent is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation
technique that allows engineers and analysts to study and understand the behavior of fluid flows
in different engineering applications. ANSYS Fluent provides a robust platform for simulating
fluid dynamics and predicting various flow phenomena.
Using ANSYS Fluent, engineers can investigate a wide range of fluid flow scenarios, including
• Laminar Flows
• Turbulent Flows
• Compressible and Incompressible Flows
• Multiphase Flows
• Heat Transfer
• Chemical reactions within the fluid domain
The software employs advanced numerical methods and algorithms to solve the governing
equations of fluid flow, such as the Navier-Stokes equations, and generate a detailed
understanding of the flow behavior. By inputting the geometry of the fluid system, defining
boundary conditions, and assigning fluid properties, users can simulate the fluid flow within
the specified domain.
ANSYS Fluent calculates the

• Velocity
• Pressure
• Temperature
and other relevant flow parameters at different points in the fluid domain.
The software provides detailed insights into flow patterns, pressure distribution, velocity
profiles, turbulence characteristics, and other essential information.
Fluid flow analysis in ANSYS Fluent finds extensive applications in various industries,
including
• Aerospace
• Automotive
• Energy
• Chemical processing
• Environmental engineering
It aids in designing efficient systems, optimizing performance, predicting flow behavior, and
solving engineering challenges related to fluid dynamics. By utilizing ANSYS Fluent,
engineers can make informed decisions, improve designs, and ensure the reliability and
efficiency of fluid-based processes and devices.
Procedure of Modeling and Analysis in Fluid Flow (Fluent)
From left, Analysis System toolbox opening Fluid Flow (Fluent) Analysis form and set the
required units in meter and then Save the Project.
2. Geometry
Open the geometry, Select the XY-Plane and draw the Circle from Sketch option and click on
the Dimension option to do the Dimensioning according to the given dimensions D1 = 0.2 m
and D2 = 0.22 m and Extrude the Sketch 3 m long and then click on Generate.
E:\Gdrive\Semester Data\8th
File Path Semester\Labs\FEM\Analysis\turbulent_files\dp0\FFF\Fluent\FFF-3-
00066.dat.gz
File Date 25 june 2023
File Time 11:34:46 am
File Type FLUENT
➢ Fill
Now choose Fill option from tools and then click on inside the pipe to fill them and select
named selection to change solids with liquid inside the pipe.
3. Model
meshing on the model with Relevance center is Fine and then click on a generate mesh.
➢ Named Selection
Now, click on one end to create name selection as an Inlet and the surface is Wall and the other
end is Outlet and then click on update to update the model with proper define parameter as
shown below in fig;
5. Setup
In Fluid Flow (Fluent) Analysis, set up all the parameter according to given model. Firstly
click on Model to choose Laminar Flow and then click on Materials to choose Water as a flow
by putting its density which is 1 kg/m3 and viscosity of liquid is 2e-5 kg/ms as shown in figure.
Now apply the Boundary condition, first select Velocity apply at an inlet with magnitude 2
m/sec at an Inlet and Apply Pressure with 0 magnitude at Outlet and then click ok.
In Solution initialization, click on standard initialization and the click on initialize.
Now Run calculation, to calculate 2000 Number of iteration to generate solution and Curve as
shown in fig. below;
6. Solution
Now click on the solution and insert the required Fluent parameters and to calculate, Velocity
Contour, Pressure Contour, Velocity vector and Velocity Streamlines.
➢ Results
Definition
Type Velocity Contour Pressure Contour Velocity Streamline
Results
Minimum 1.69972 m/sec 0 Pa 1.700× 103 m/sec

Maximum 2.08953 m/sec 0.185942 Pa 2.090× 103 m/sec
7. Velocity Contour
8. Pressure Contour
9. Velocity Streamlines
10. Velocity Vector

Comments
We observed the following phenomena with an intake velocity of 2 m/s and an exit pressure of
1 atm. ANSYS Fluent is used to produce pressure, velocity, and velocity vectors. This study is
performed for a turbulent flow fluid. The abrupt behavior of change in velocity may be seen in
the produced velocity contour:
1. The pressure contour map shows changes in the pressure distribution along the pipe.
Higher pressure zones were seen at the entrance, progressively decreasing towards the
outflow.
2. The velocity vector visualization depicted the direction and magnitude of fluid flow at
various places. It demonstrated the creation of streamline patterns as well as high-
velocity zones around the pipe's center.
3. The velocity contour map displayed the fluctuations in fluid velocity throughout the
pipe. It had a parabolic velocity profile, with highest velocity in the center of the pipe
and decreased speeds around the pipe sides.
CLO-1:
Rubric 1
0-3 Modelling and analysis are not carried out accurately. , help is required
Pressure and Velocity distribution are not accurate.
minor details for the Analysis of key features like Pressure and Velocity
distribution
required with the Analysis of key features Pressure and Velocity
distribution. The student is hesitant and makes few attempts before
measuring accurately.
8-10 Modelling and analysis are carried out accurately. Analysis of key
features like Pressure and Velocity distribution is carried out confidently
and proficiently.
Lab Session 09
Problem Statement
A compressible Newtonian fluid is flowing through the cylindrical pipe of a constant radius of
diameter 0.2 m and length of 3 m and inlet velocity of 2 m/s and outlet pressure of 1 atm. Solve
the problem numerically using fluent and show the following result.
1) Pressure contour
2) Velocity vector
3) Velocity contour
Assumption:
Density of liquid = 1 kg/m3, viscosity of liquid = 2e-5 kg/ms
Fluid flow analysis in ANSYS Fluent is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation
technique that allows engineers and analysts to study and understand the behavior of fluid flows
in different engineering applications. ANSYS Fluent provides a robust platform for simulating
fluid dynamics and predicting various flow phenomena.
• Laminar Flows
• Turbulent Flows
• Heat Transfer
The software employs advanced numerical methods and algorithms to solve the governing
equations of fluid flow, such as the Navier-Stokes equations, and generate a detailed
understanding of the flow behavior. By inputting the geometry of the fluid system, defining
boundary conditions, and assigning fluid properties, users can simulate the fluid flow within
the specified domain.

• Velocity
• Pressure
• Temperature
The software provides detailed insights into flow patterns, pressure distribution, velocity
profiles, turbulence characteristics, and other essential information.
Fluid flow analysis in ANSYS Fluent finds extensive applications in various industries,
including
• Aerospace
• Automotive
• Energy
It aids in designing efficient systems, optimizing performance, predicting flow behavior, and
solving engineering challenges related to fluid dynamics. By utilizing ANSYS Fluent,
engineers can make informed decisions, improve designs, and ensure the reliability and
efficiency of fluid-based processes and devices.
From left, Analysis System toolbox opening Fluid Flow (Fluent) Analysis form and set the
required units in meter and then Save the Project.
E:\Gdrive\Semester Data\8th
File Path Semester\Labs\FEM\Analysis\Laminar_files\dp0\FFF\Fluent\FFF-4-
00072.dat.gz
File Date 25 june 2023
File Time 09:14:07 am
File Type FLUENT
2. Geometry
Open the geometry, Select the XY-Plane and draw the Circle from Sketch option and click on
the Dimension option to do the Dimensioning according to the given dimensions D1 = 0.2 m
and D2 = 0.22 m and Extrude the Sketch 3 m long and then click on Generate.
➢ Fill
Now choose Fill option from tools and then click on inside the pipe to fill them and select
named selection to change solids with liquid inside the pipe.
3. Model
meshing on the model with Relevance center is Fine and then click on a generate mesh.
➢ Named Selection
Now, click on one end to create name selection as an Inlet and the surface is Wall and the other
end is Outlet and then click on update to update the model with proper define parameter as
shown below in fig;
5. Setup
In Fluid Flow (Fluent) Analysis, set up all the parameter according to given model. Firstly,
click on Model to choose k-epsilon (2 eqn) and then click on Materials to choose Water as a
flow by putting its density which is 1 kg/m3 and viscosity of liquid is 2e-5 kg/ms as shown in
figure.
Now apply Boundary condition, first select Velocity apply at an inlet with magnitude 2 m/sec
at an Inlet and Apply Pressure with 0 magnitude at Outlet and then click ok.
In Solution initialization, click on standard initialization and the click on initialize.
Now Run calculation, to calculate 5000 Number of Iteration to generate solution and Curve as
shown in fig. below;
6. Solution
Now click on the solution and insert the required Fluent parameters and to calculate, Velocity
Contour, Pressure Contour, Velocity vector and Velocity Streamlines.
➢ Results
Definition
Type Velocity Contour Pressure Contour Velocity Streamline
Results
Minimum 1.67287 m/sec 0 Pa 1.673× 103 m/sec

Maximum 2.34908 m/sec 0.840042 Pa 2.349× 103 m/sec
7. Velocity Contour
8. Pressure Contour
9. Velocity Streamlines
10. Velocity Vector

Comments
The numerical analysis using Fluent provided insightful results for the laminar flow of a
compressible Newtonian fluid through a cylindrical pipe. With an inlet velocity of 2 m/s and
an outlet pressure of 1 atm, we observed the following phenomena in relation to laminar flow:
• Pressure Contour: The pressure contour plot showcased a uniform pressure distribution
along the pipe for laminar flow. The pressure remained relatively constant from the inlet
to the outlet, indicating a consistent flow behavior without significant pressure
variations.
• Velocity Vector: The velocity vector visualization demonstrated smooth and orderly
flow patterns in the laminar regime. The velocity vectors aligned parallel to each other,
indicating a well-organized and non-turbulent flow.
• Velocity Contour: The velocity contour plot displayed a symmetric velocity profile for
laminar flow. The contour lines exhibited a parabolic shape, with the maximum velocity
occurring at the pipe's center and gradually decreasing towards the pipe walls.
CLO-1:
Rubric 1
distribution
and proficiently.
LAB 10 Fluid Flow (Fluent) Analysis
Lab Session 10
Problem Statement
An ideal gas is flowing through the convergent divergent nozzle given below inlet pressure is 3 bar.
Solve the problem using fluent and show following results:
1) Pressure Contour
2) Velocity Contour (Mach number)
3) Temperature Contour
➢ Theoretical Background
Nozzle
A nozzle is a device used to control the flow of a fluid, typically a gas or liquid. It is designed to
accelerate or decelerate the fluid by changing its velocity and pressure. Nozzles are commonly used in
various applications, such as in rocket engines, jet engines, gas turbines, and hydraulic systems.
Types of Nozzle
There are two main types of nozzles: convergent nozzles and divergent nozzles.
i. Convergent Nozzle
A convergent nozzle is a type of nozzle where the cross-sectional area decreases gradually in
the direction of flow. As the fluid passes through the converging section, the velocity and
pressure of the fluid increase while its temperature decreases. The convergent nozzle is
designed to accelerate the fluid by converting the thermal energy or pressure energy into kinetic
energy. It is commonly used in applications where high fluid velocity is desired, such as in
rocket engines and supersonic aircraft
Finite Element Method LAB Page 1

ii. Divergent Nozzle

A divergent nozzle is a type of nozzle where the cross-sectional area increases gradually in the
direction of flow. As the fluid passes through the diverging section, the velocity and pressure
of the fluid decrease while its temperature increases. The divergent nozzle is designed to
decelerate the fluid by converting the kinetic energy into pressure energy. It is commonly used
in applications where the fluid needs to be slowed down, such as in jet engines and steam
turbines.
Both convergent and divergent nozzles play crucial roles in various engineering applications, allowing
for efficient control and manipulation of fluid flow characteristics.
Fluid flow analysis in ANSYS Fluent is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technique
that allows engineers and analysts to study and understand the behavior of fluid flows in different
engineering applications. ANSYS Fluent provides a robust platform for simulating fluid dynamics and
predicting various flow phenomena.
• Laminar Flows
• Turbulent Flows
• Heat Transfer
The software employs advanced numerical methods and algorithms to solve the governing equations
of fluid flow, such as the Navier-Stokes equations, and generate a detailed understanding of the flow
behavior. By inputting the geometry of the fluid system, defining boundary conditions, and assigning
fluid properties, users can simulate the fluid flow within the specified domain.
• Velocity
• Pressure
• Temperature
The software provides detailed insights into flow patterns, pressure distribution, velocity profiles,
turbulence characteristics, and other essential information.
Fluid flow analysis in ANSYS Fluent finds extensive applications in various industries, including
• Aerospace
• Automotive
• Energy
It aids in designing efficient systems, optimizing performance, predicting flow behavior, and solving
engineering challenges related to fluid dynamics. By utilizing ANSYS Fluent, engineers can make
informed decisions, improve designs, and ensure the reliability and efficiency of fluid-based processes
and devices.
From left, Analysis System toolbox opening Fluid Flow (Fluent) Analysis form and set the required
units in meter and then Save the Project.
Figure: 01

2. Geometry
Click on geometry, and open the design modular for making the geometry
Figure 1: design modeler
In design modular, select the XY plane and then make it normal. Now go to polyline command and
make a basic sketch of nozzle. After that go to surface and sketches and select the sketch and click
on generate option. Then, go to sketching and click on constraints and make it vertical and apply
symmetry.
Figure 03: Sketching

➢ Face Split
Select on sketch and make it on normal, then select line command and draws three parallel lines for
face splitting condition.
Figure 04: Face split
3. Model
To insert and gives division of 30 and click on update option. Go to face meshing and select the
drawing face and select the method Quadrilateral and click on update option.
Figure05: Face meshing

4. Setup
Go to name selection and select the names as inlet, outlet and wall and click on update option.
Figure 06: Inlet
Figure 07: Name selection

5. Solution
Now the setup and double precision and processing option serial and click on ok option. After that in
solver select density based and in time condition select steady.
Figure 08: Solver
In viscous model just turn on the energy equation option and click on ok.
Figure 09: Energy
After that, in material go to fluid update the name, select density, as ideal case and viscosity as
Sutherland and close the tab.
Figure 10: Material

Go to boundary condition and select inlet as pressure inlet having values of 3e5 pascals and click on
ok.
Figure 11: Pressure inlet
Go to reference value and compute it from inlet and select reference zone as solid surface body.
Figure 12: Reference value
After that click on standard initialization and compute it from inlet and click on initialize.
Figure 13: Solution initialization

Go to run calculation and put number of iteration 500 and click on calculate.
Figure 2: iteration

➢ Results
Table 01: Result
Definition
Type Velocity Contour Pressure Contour Temperature Contour
Results
Minimum 0 m/sec -8.726 × 104 Pa 1.154 × 102 K

Maximum 6.015× 102 m/sec 2.875× 105 Pa 2.958× 102 K

6. Velocity Contour
7. Pressure Contour

8. Temperature Contour
Comments
In this Lab,
• Pressure Contour: The pressure contour plot showcased a pressure is high at inlet as compare
to Outlet. Pressure is high it means velocity is low at an inlet.
• Velocity Contour: The velocity contour plot displayed a velocity is decreases at an inlet
because pressure is high and velocity increases at an outlet because pressure is low.
• Temperature Contour: Also see the behaviour of temperature which is high at inlet due to
high pressure because there is an inverse relation between pressure and temperature.

CLO-1:
Ability to use techniques, skills and modern engineering tools using ANSYS’s different modules
i.e. Static structural, Thermal, Fluent.
Rubric 1
distribution
and proficiently.

Lab 11 Open Ended Lab
Lab Session 11
Objective
An air is flowing through the NACA air foil profile 0018 given below inlet velocity is 7.77
m/s. Solve the problem using fluent and show following results:
1) Pressure contour
2) Velocity contour
3) Drag Coefficient
4) Drag Force
5) Lift Coefficient
6) Lift Force
Theory
Introduction to Ansys fluid flow (fluent)
Ansys FLUENT software contains the broad physical modeling capabilities needed to model
flow, turbulence, heat transfer, and reactions for industrial applications ranging from air flow
over an aircraft wing to combustion in a furnace, from bubble columns to oil platforms, from
blood flow to semiconductor manufacturing, and from clean room design to wastewater
treatment plants. Special models that give the software the ability to model in-cylinder
combustion, aero-acoustics, turbo-machinery, and multiphase systems have served to broaden
its reach.
User-defined functions allow the implementation of new user models and the extensive
customization of existing ones. Ansys FLUENT’s interactive solver set-up, solution, and post-
processing make it easy to pause a calculation, examine results with integrated post-processing,
change any setting, and then continue the calculation within a single application. Case and data
files can also be read into Ansys CFD-Post for further analysis with advanced post-processing
tools and to compare results from different cases side-by-side.
Procedure
Create analysis system
From the toolbox drag a pre-defined fluid flow (Fluent) template to the project schematic to
create a standalone system.
Define geometry
Select XY plane with normal to” orientation. Select 3D curve from concept tab and select
coordinate file of NACA air foil 0018 in the form of Text Document. Extrude the geometry
from the given dimension (100 mm). Draw the rectangle from the requirements of the geometry
and extrude as per given dimension and mention them the dimensions on geometry. Subtract
the airfoil geometry from the rectangle by using Boolean tab. After doing this, close the design
modeler.
D:\MEEN-8\FEM-Lab\Assignment Naca-0018 + Lab Session 11\New folder\MEEN-

File Path
19111101 (Naca-0018)_files\dp0\FFF\DM\FFF.agdb
File Date 24 June 2023
File Time 02:21:51 pm
File Type FLUENT
Apply Mesh
In this stage, the model needs to be mesh in order to analyze the model. Apply edge, face,
inflation and body sizing mesh at 150 number of divisions. Select inlet, outlet, sym1, sym2
(wall) and airfoil sections of airfoil naca-0018 and create named selection parts.
Domain Nodes Elements
solid body 89734 348454
Analysis in Fluent
In this step set the solver to density-based type from general tab. Select viscous (SST K-omega)
from models tab. Specify air as a fluid from materials tab.
Specify the velocity of air at inlet to be 7.77 m/s from boundary condition tab. Initialize the
solution by using solution initialization tab. Select hybrid initialization method and specify
compute from option to inlet. Compute from inlet in reference values by selecting solid surface
body as a reference zone in reference values tab. Create a drag and lift monitor from monitors
tab.
Run Calculations
In this step hover over the run calculation tab and specify iteration a value of 300. At last click
calculate and close Fluent.
Simulation Results
In the results tab open contour properties, select surfaces and display contours of pressure and
velocity. And also show the all drag and lift force and coefficient graph.
Comments
Simulations were run to investigate and analyse the behaviour of the exhaust flow of air inside
the airfoil. Because the shock has a linear form, there are no wall frictions. As a result,
simulations utilizing the (SST k- omega) model produce more realistic results than simulations
using SST flow conditions.
CLO-1: Modeling and analysis to find pressure distribution, velocity distribution, Lift coefficient
and drag coefficient. PLO-5 (P3)
Rubric 1
02 Modeling and analysis is not carried out accurately. Analysis of key

features like pressure distribution, velocity distribution, Lift coefficient
and drag coefficient are also not accurate
05 Modeling and analysis is carried out accurately with major mistakes
Analysis of key features like pressure distribution, velocity distribution,
Lift coefficient and drag coefficient are also not accurate.
07 Modelling and analysis is carried out accurately with some minor
mistakes. Analysis of key features like pressure distribution, velocity
distribution, Lift coefficient and drag coefficient are done with some
minor mistakes.
10 Modeling and analysis is carried out accurately. Analysis of key features
like pressure distribution, velocity distribution, Lift coefficient and drag
coefficient are carried out accurately.
Lab 12 Open-ended lab
Lab Session 12
CFD Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger by using Ansys

Problem statement
Identify and perform (structural, model, thermal, and/or fluid) analyses as the case may be, related
to the key components of your final year design project using numerical simulation software.
Introduction
Heat exchangers are essential components in various industrial processes, playing a crucial role
in the efficient transfer of thermal energy between fluids. The double-pipe heat exchanger is a
widely used type of heat exchanger due to its simplicity, compactness, and versatility. It
consists of two concentric pipes: an inner tube through which the hot fluid flows, and an outer
tube through which the cold fluid flows. Heat is transferred from the hot fluid to the cold fluid
through the pipe walls, resulting in the desired heat exchange.
Figure 1 Heat Exchanger
This report aims to provide a detailed guide for designing and conducting thermal analysis of
a double pipe heat exchanger using ANSYS software. The report will encompass the theoretical
background of the double pipe heat exchanger, the step-by-step process for designing the heat
exchanger on ANSYS, and the necessary considerations for defining boundary conditions, fluid
properties, and other parameters.
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Theory

The double pipe heat exchanger operates on the principle of convective heat transfer between
two fluids. The hot fluid, which possesses higher temperature, flows through the inner pipe,
while the cold fluid, typically at a lower temperature, flows through the annular space between
the inner and outer pipes. The temperature gradient between the fluids promotes the transfer of
thermal energy from the hot fluid to the cold fluid.
To ensure effective heat transfer, it is crucial to optimize the design parameters of the double
pipe heat exchanger. These parameters include the length and diameter of the pipes, the
arrangement of flow paths, and the choice of materials. The length and diameter determine the
available surface area for heat exchange, while the flow arrangement influences the overall
heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.
Figure 2: Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Designing the Double Pipe Heat Exchanger on ANSYS

Designing a double pipe heat exchanger on ANSYS involves several steps, including geometry
creation, mesh generation, simulation setup, and thermal analysis.
Assumptions
The condenser in the plastic pyrolysis reactor is a double pipe heat exchanger, the assumptions made
for the thermal analysis can include:
Steady-State Operation: Similar to the previous assumption, the analysis assumes that the plastic
pyrolysis reactor and its condenser operate under steady-state conditions, where the system has
reached a stable equilibrium.
Ideal Fluid Behavior: The fluids involved, such as the cooling medium and the condensing vapors,
are assumed to behave ideally. This simplifies the calculations by assuming constant properties such
as density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity.
Negligible Heat Losses: The analysis assumes negligible heat losses from the double pipe heat
exchanger to the surrounding environment. This assumption allows the focus to be on the heat transfer
occurring within the exchanger itself.
Counter-Current Flow: The analysis assumes a counter-current flow arrangement within the double
pipe heat exchanger. This means that the cooling medium and the condensing vapors flow in opposite
directions, maximizing the temperature difference for efficient heat transfer.
Constant Heat Transfer Coefficients: It is assumed that the heat transfer coefficients on both the
inner and outer surfaces of the double pipe heat exchanger remain constant throughout the analysis.
This simplifies the calculations by assuming uniform heat transfer conditions.
Negligible Pressure Drops: The pressure drops across the double pipe heat exchanger are assumed
to be negligible. This assumption allows the focus to be on the heat transfer aspects rather than the
fluid flow dynamics.
Uniform Fluid Properties: The analysis assumes that the fluid properties, such as temperature and
density, remain uniform across the cross-section of the double pipe heat exchanger. This simplifies
the calculations by considering average fluid properties.
Preparing ANSYS Workbench

• Go to Start Menu/All Programs/Simulation/ANSYS /Workbench.
• In the toolbox menu in the left portion of the window, double click Fluid Flow (Fluent). A
project will now appear in the project schematic window of Workbench.
• Right-click Fluid Flow (Fluent) under the Project Schematic and select Rename. And
enter double-pipe for the name of your project.
• Click Save button in menu bar to save the project. A Save As window will pop up. Enter
double-pipe-workbench in File name as a name of your workbench and click on Save
button. A new file of douple-pipe-workbench.wbpj will be added to the Files.
• The default working environment for Geometry is 3-D. So you don’t need any action for
this.
Figure 3: workbench

Fluid flow analysis in ANSYS Fluent is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technique
that allows engineers and analysts to study and understand the behavior of fluid flows in different
engineering applications. ANSYS Fluent provides a robust platform for simulating fluid dynamics
and predicting various flow phenomena.
• Laminar Flows
• Turbulent Flows
• Heat Transfer
Creating Geometry
• In the Project Schematic, double-click the Geometry. This will open ANSYS
DesignModeler (This will be a logo with a green DM).
• Use the sketching tools to draw the outer and inner pipes of the heat exchanger based
on the desired dimensions and configuration.
• Assign suitable names to the boundaries of the heat exchanger, such as "Hot Fluid
Inlet," "Hot Fluid Outlet," "Cold Fluid Inlet," and "Cold Fluid Outlet." These names
will be referenced when defining the boundary conditions in the simulation.
Figure 4: Geometry window
• Then Excrude this circle to 200mm.
Figure 5: Outer pipe

• By choosing to normal to XY plane creat a rectangle of 41*6mm.
Figure 6: Inlet
• Then Seclect the first line as a refrences and revolve around it.
Figure 7: Inlet pipe
• After that repeat the same process to create the outlet pipe around the outer pipe.
Figure :8 Outlet pipe

• Then create a hole in inlet and outlet pipes by drawing circle on it and then cuting
material like following.
Figure 9 inlet
Figure 10: outlet
• Then click normal to XY plane

• Draw a rectangle of 19*198mm.
• Then revolve this rectangle around axis and cut it.
• In this way we make a hollow structure of outer pipe of heat exchanger.
Figure 11: outer pipe
Figure 12: Hollow Structure
• Then in the same way we make another small rectangle and revolve it around the centre
axis
• And make the inner pipe of heat exchanger.
Figure 13: Inner pipe

Figure 14: Hollow Structure
• At the End we name each part of our design.
Figure 15: Names
• Go to File, Close DesignModeler.

• Save in Workbench.
Mesh Genration
• In the Project Schematic, double-click Mesh. It may take a minute or two to load.
• Click OK in the Meshing Options window.
Figure 16: Mesh window

• Click the innermost section (inner fluid), then right-click on it and select Create Named
Section and enter inner_inlet.
• Click the third section (outer_fluid), then right-click on it, and select Create Named
Section and enter outer_inlet.
• Click the center ball on the triad to have the isometric view.
• Click the +X axis on the triad to see the other side of the double pipe.
• Click the innermost section, then select Create Named Section and enter inner_outlet.
• Expand the Named Selections in the Outline, this will create labels for the named faces.
• Click the center ball on the triad again.
• Click the outermost surface of the pipe.
• Right-click and select Create Named Section and enter insulation_surface.
• Move the cursor between the X and Y axis on the axis triad. A black arrow labeled –Z
will appear, click on it. It will show a XYPlane view
• Click Box Zoom in the Toolbar and zoom in any section of pipe.
• Holding down the Ctrl key, select all four faces. Right-click and select Create Named
Section and enter symmetry_1.
• Move the cursor between the X and Z axis on the axis triad. A black arrow labeled –Y
will appear, click on it. It will show a XZPlane view.
• Click Box Zoom in the Toolbar and zoom in any section of the pipe.
• Holding down the Ctrl key, select all four faces. Right-click and select Create Named
Section and enter symmetry_2
Figure 17: Selection Naming

Create meshing
• Select Mesh in the Outline window by clicking it.
• In the Details of “Mesh” window, expand the Sizing option and change the
Relevance Center from Coarse to Medium.
• Expand the Inflation option.
• In the Outline, right-click Mesh and select Update. This step will create meshing and
take several minutes.
Figure 18: meshing
Setting Up the Simulation
• Transfer the meshed geometry to the Fluent module.

• Define the properties of the hot and cold fluids, such as density, viscosity, specific heat,
and thermal conductivity. These properties can be specified based on the characteristics
of the actual fluids used in the heat exchanger.
• Specify the boundary conditions by assigning the appropriate fluid inlet and outlet
locations, temperatures, and flow rates. Use the names assigned to the heat exchanger
boundaries in the geometry setup.
Figure 19: Defining properties
Figure 20: Fluid properties
Performing the Thermal Analysis

• Set up the solver settings for the thermal analysis, considering factors such as steady-
state or transient analysis and convergence criteria.
• Run the simulation and monitor the progress to ensure convergence. Adjust the solution
controls and discretization schemes as needed.
• Post-process the results to extract the desired information, such as temperature
distributions, heat transfer rates, and pressure drops.

• Analyze the results and evaluate the performance of the double pipe heat exchanger
based on the objectives and requirements.
Figure 21: Material Selection
Figure 22: Thermal Conditions

Results and Discussion

Upon completing the thermal analysis using ANSYS, detailed results can be obtained,
including temperature distributions across the heat exchanger, heat transfer rates between the
hot and cold fluids, and pressure drops along the flow paths. These results provide insights into
the thermal behavior and efficiency of the double pipe heat exchanger, enabling engineers to
assess its performance against design requirements and expectations.
Figure 23: Temperature distribution
Figure 24: inlet pipe view

Figure 25: Flow Distribution
Figure 26: Other view

Comments
After completing the thermal analysis, we observe that
• The thermal analysis of the condenser in the plastic pyrolysis reactor demonstrates the heat
transfer performance and temperature distribution within the double pipe heat exchanger.
• The results provide insights into the efficiency of heat transfer from the condensing vapors to
the cooling medium.
• The calculated heat transfer coefficients offer valuable information for evaluating the
condenser's performance against design requirements.
• These findings can aid in optimizing the condenser design and enhancing the overall
efficiency of the plastic pyrolysis process.
CLO-2: An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team having multifaceted

settings. PLO-9
Rubric
Marks CLO2 – mapped to PLO-9 (Team work)
0-2 Modelling and analysis is not carried out accurately. presentation and
analysis of key variable of interest are also not accurate
3-6 Modelling and analysis is carried out accurately. Presentation and

analysis of key variable of interest are also satisfactory.

analysis of key variable of interest are also good.

analysis of key variable of interest are also excellent.
I did lab session 11 twice, the first
one is my own contribution and the
second one is the group contribution.
Although its actually the same.
Analysis of Condenser Performance and Fluid Flow Characteristics using
ANSYS Software.
Authors
Student name Reg. No.
Rehman Farooq MEEN-19111053
Danish Saleem MEEN-19111069

Umair Khalid MEEN-19111101
Instructor
Engr. Waqas Tahir
INSTITUTE OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

KHWAJA FAREED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY RAHIM YAR KHAN
July 2023
Open Ended Lab
Objective
Analysis of Condenser Performance and Fluid Flow Characteristics using ANSYS Software.
Introduction:
The heat exchanger is an instrument used to transfer thermal energy between fluids and solids
at a given temperature and thermal interaction into fluids. There is no exterior heat and working
relationships naturally in heat exchangers. Typical systems include heating, cooling,
condensation and evaporation of fluid sources of one or more components [1]. The heat
exchanger uses may be the target at heat or sterilization, pasteurization, fractionation,
distillation, concentrating, crystallization or process fluid control. Improving the flow of heat
is a significant element in the achievement of these objectives. One of the key problems in
designing heat exchanging systems is to enhance a one-phase heat transfer, in particular where
thermal exchangers have one-phase fluid flow on one side and two-phase flow or phase shift
on the other. Typical examples are condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers used in a range of
market and manufacturing applications [2], [3].
Combining at least two augmentation strategies for the heat transfer. The heat transfer
enrichment approaches available are added practical and simple to use since a passive heat
transfer enhancement would not use external resources relative to an active heat transfer
system. Heat transfer raise by surface roughness has become the most common and effective
technique [4]. This is largely due to its quality and ease of operation in improving the heat
transfer. Repetitive helical or transverse ribs are particularly desirable methods of transmitting
heat. Typical instances are surface resistance, displaced promoters and vortex generators, for
example, of passive heat transfer rise. Surface ruggedness, applied by kneading or filtering, or
created by repetitive ribs, increases the surface ruggedness by disrupting the sub-layer near to
the surface[5], [6].
Several experiments were undertaken in recent years to determine and enhance the efficiency
of heat exchangers generally. To improve productivity in the industrial applications in which
heat exchangers are necessary, high-performance thermal exchangers are needed. A recent
study identified the basic methods of increasing the thermal transmission of one-phase double-
tube heat exchangers [6]. The tube sides are the improved heat transfer and CFD on the shell
end. The longer length of the tunnel was tucked around a metal candle to make a swirl flow
through the tunnel. The numerical analysis and optimization of an externalised corrugated heat
exchanger for twin-pipe systems. The parameter on the shell side of the corrugated tube is
needed depending on the geometry parameters. The analysis found that the coefficient of heat
transfer was bigger than the tube without a twisted tape [7].
Condensers are integral components in numerous industrial applications and thermal systems,
playing a vital role in facilitating heat transfer from vapor to liquid states. Efficient condenser
design and analysis are essential for optimizing performance, enhancing energy efficiency, and
ensuring the reliable operation of heat exchange systems. This report focuses on investigating
the performance of a condenser and analyzing its fluid flow characteristics using ANSYS
software. ANSYS offers a suite of powerful simulation tools, including ANSYS Fluent, which
enables in-depth analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena[8]. By harnessing the
capabilities of ANSYS software, this study aims to gain valuable insights into the behavior of
the condenser, evaluate its performance under various operating conditions, and optimize its
design for enhanced efficiency. The analysis presented in this report encompasses thermal
performance, fluid dynamics, and structural integrity, providing a comprehensive
understanding of the condenser's behavior. Through detailed simulations and visualization of
complex flow patterns, temperature distributions, and pressure variations, this study aims to
identify areas for improvement, optimize the condenser's performance, and ensure reliable
operation within specified design parameters[9]. The subsequent sections will delve into the
theoretical background of condensers, outline the methodology employed for ANSYS analysis,
and discuss the simulation results along with their implications. Comparisons with theoretical
expectations and experimental data, where available, will be made to validate the accuracy of
the simulation results. Ultimately, this study contributes to the advancement of condenser
design and provides valuable insights for engineers and researchers involved in thermal
systems and heat exchanger analysis.
Double-pipe heat exchanger forced convective hydrothermal study is experimentally

presented. Correlations, thermal efficiency and friction factor in Nusselt numbers are studied.
To optimise the design, NSGA II is used[9] . During standard and reverse system operation,
the influence of the helically coiled, the exiled tube has been examined for exit temperature
and thermal effectiveness and pressure drop [10]. A newly developed helicopter heat transfer
system has studied water flow and heat transfer characteristics. The design improvements to
the regular helical coil configuration lead to a significantly improved heat transfer in the test
section [11]. To increase thermal efficiency, design changes are necessary. The project aims at
evaluating the performance of double tube heat exchangers using helical inserts by an ANSYS
CFX tool. A comparative test will be conducted for the heat exchanger without helical inserts
to analyse convective heat flux and its temperature distribution along with the tubing.
The Double Tube Heat exchanger (DTHE) is one of the simplest forms of heat exchange in the
piping system. It consists of mechanical lock isolated tubing. Comparable cheap double-tube
heat exchangers are designed and need a limited operation. They are applied in high-
temperature and pressure systems to sensitive heating and cooling [10]. The main goal of the
development of geometry is to create a solid that defines a field of fluid flow. This is the first
step of the research process. In dimensions and geometry descriptions, current models were
collected. Table 1 will model the heat exchanger to have helical dimensional inserts.
The region and geometry growth are determined in this process. The 2D region is shaped to
represent the entrance and exit. Regional planning requires restrictions to be allocated for
entrance, outlet and other designated areas.
Figure 1: Double Pipe Condenser (Counter Flow)
Objectives and Significance of the Study:

The purpose of this report is to investigate the thermal performance and fluid flow
characteristics of a condenser using ANSYS software. ANSYS offers a powerful suite of
simulation tools, including ANSYS Fluent, which enables detailed analysis of heat transfer and
fluid flow phenomena. By employing ANSYS software, we can gain valuable insights into the
condenser's behavior, assess its performance under different operating conditions, and optimize
its design for enhanced efficiency.
Scope and Structure of the Report:

This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the condenser, encompassing the heat
transfer processes, fluid dynamics, and structural integrity. By utilizing ANSYS software, we
can simulate and visualize the complex flow patterns, temperature distributions, and pressure
variations within the condenser. This analysis will aid in identifying potential areas of
improvement, optimizing the condenser's performance, and ensuring reliable operation within
the specified design parameters.
The following sections of this report will present the theoretical background of condensers,
explain the methodology employed for the ANSYS analysis, and discuss the simulation results
and their implications. Additionally, comparisons with theoretical expectations and
experimental data, when available, will be made to validate the accuracy of the simulation
results.
By leveraging the capabilities of ANSYS software, this study seeks to contribute to the
advancement of condenser design and provide valuable insights for engineers and researchers
involved in thermal systems and heat exchanger analysis.
Problem Statement:
The objective of this condenser analysis is to investigate the heat transfer performance, fluid
flow characteristics, and structural integrity of a specific condenser design. The analysis aims
to address the following research questions:
1. How does the heat transfer performance vary under different operating conditions, such
as varying coolant flow rates or inlet temperatures?
2. What are the fluid flow patterns, velocity profiles, and pressure distributions within the
condenser?
3. Are there any regions of low or high heat transfer effectiveness within the condenser?
4. How does the structural integrity of the condenser hold up under thermal and
mechanical stresses?
To address these questions, the condenser analysis will focus on the following specific aspects
and parameters:
1. Heat Transfer Performance:

• Evaluation of the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) to assess the
efficiency of heat transfer from the vapor to the cooling fluid.
• Investigation of the condenser's heat transfer effectiveness, which quantifies the

actual heat transfer achieved compared to the maximum possible heat transfer.
• Analysis of the temperature distributions and gradients within the condenser to

identify regions of high or low heat transfer.
2. Fluid Flow Characteristics:

• Study of the velocity profiles and flow patterns within the condenser to
understand the distribution of the cooling fluid and the impact on heat transfer.
• Analysis of pressure variations along the fluid path to identify regions of high
or low pressure that may affect the condenser's performance.
3. Structural Integrity:
• Assessment of the condenser's structural integrity under thermal stresses
induced by varying temperature gradients.
• Analysis of mechanical stresses induced by fluid flow, such as pressure-induced

stresses and potential vibration effects.
Theory and Background:

Condensers are essential components used in various industrial applications and thermal
systems to transfer heat from a vapor to a liquid state. They play a crucial role in processes
such as power generation, refrigeration, air conditioning, and chemical processing.
Understanding the working principles, types, and theoretical concepts related to condensers is
fundamental to analyzing their performance using ANSYS software.
Working Principles of Condensers:

Condensers operate based on the principle of heat transfer through phase change. When a vapor
or gas comes into contact with a cooler surface or is exposed to a cooler fluid, it releases heat
and condenses into a liquid state. This heat transfer process occurs due to the temperature
difference between the vapor and the cooling medium.
Types of Condensers:
There are several types of condensers commonly used, including:
1. Shell and Tube Condensers: These consist of a shell where the vapor flows and
tubes through which the cooling fluid circulates. Heat transfer occurs through the tube
walls.
Figure 2: Shell and Tube Condensers
2. Plate Condensers: These use stacked metal plates with alternating flow channels
for the vapor and the cooling fluid, promoting efficient heat transfer.
Figure 3: Plate Condensers

3. Air-Cooled Condensers: Instead of using a cooling fluid, these condensers use
ambient air to remove heat from the vapor.
Figure 4: Air Cooled Condensers
Theoretical Concepts: The analysis of condensers involves applying principles from

heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Some of the key theoretical concepts and equations relevant
to condenser analysis include:
1. Heat Transfer Coefficient (U-value): The U-value represents the overall heat
transfer rate across the condenser surface and is influenced by factors such as fluid
properties, surface geometry, and flow conditions.
2. Film Condensation Theory: Film condensation occurs when a vapor forms a

liquid film on the condenser surface. The Nusselt equation is commonly used to
determine the heat transfer coefficient for film condensation.
3. Reynolds Number (Re): The Reynolds number characterizes the flow regime
within the condenser and determines whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. It is
calculated using the fluid properties, characteristic length, and velocity.
4. Pressure Drop: The pressure drop in the condenser is caused by fluid friction and
changes in flow direction. The Darcy-Weisbach equation or the empirical correlations
for pressure drop estimation can be used to calculate pressure losses.
ANSYS Software Overview:

ANSYS is a powerful engineering simulation software widely used for analyzing complex
systems and solving a wide range of engineering problems. It offers a comprehensive suite of
tools for finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), structural
analysis, heat transfer, and more. In the context of this report, we will focus on ANSYS Fluent,
one of the prominent modules within the ANSYS software suite, which is specifically designed
for CFD simulations.
Capabilities of ANSYS Fluent for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

Analysis:
ANSYS Fluent provides advanced capabilities for simulating and analyzing heat transfer and
fluid flow problems. Some of the key features and capabilities of ANSYS Fluent include:
1. Fluid Flow Simulation: ANSYS Fluent enables accurate modeling and simulation
of fluid flow phenomena, ranging from laminar to turbulent flows. It employs various
turbulence models, such as the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations
and large eddy simulation (LES), to accurately capture flow characteristics.
2. Heat Transfer Analysis: ANSYS Fluent offers comprehensive tools for analyzing
heat transfer in different modes, including conduction, convection, and radiation. It
allows for the simulation of transient and steady-state heat transfer problems,
accounting for factors such as temperature gradients, thermal conductivity, and
boundary conditions.
3. Multiphase Flow Simulation: ANSYS Fluent can simulate multiphase flows,

which are prevalent in condenser analysis. It can model and analyze condensation
processes, two-phase flows, and phase change phenomena accurately.
4. Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT): ANSYS Fluent supports CHT analysis, which
accounts for the interaction between fluid flow and heat transfer in solid structures. This
capability is crucial for assessing the temperature distribution within the condenser and
its impact on overall performance.
5. Meshing Tools: ANSYS Fluent provides robust meshing capabilities for generating
high-quality meshes, including structured, unstructured, and hybrid meshes. These
meshes ensure accurate representation of the condenser geometry, improving the
reliability and accuracy of the simulation results.
6. Post-processing and Visualization: ANSYS Fluent offers a wide range of post-

processing and visualization tools to interpret simulation results. These tools enable the
generation of visual representations, contour plots, streamline plots, and animations,
aiding in the comprehensive analysis and presentation of the condenser performance.
In this report, ANSYS Fluent will be utilized for simulating and analyzing the heat transfer
performance, fluid flow characteristics, and structural integrity of the condenser. The specific
features and modules of ANSYS Fluent will be leveraged to create accurate models, define
appropriate boundary conditions, solve the governing equations, and analyze the simulation
results.
Designing the Double Pipe Heat Exchanger on ANSYS

Designing a double-pipe heat exchanger on ANSYS involves several steps, including geometry
creation, mesh generation, simulation setup, and thermal analysis.
Preparing ANSYS Workbench

• Go to Start Menu/All Programs/Simulation/ANSYS /Workbench.
• In the toolbox menu in the left portion of the window, double click Fluid Flow (Fluent).
A project will now appear in the project schematic window of Workbench.
• Right-click Fluid Flow (Fluent) under the Project Schematic and select Rename. And
enter double-pipe for the name of your project.
• Click Save button in menu bar to save the project. A Save As window will pop up. Enter
double-pipe-workbench in File name as a name of your workbench and click on Save
button. A new file of douple-pipe-workbench.wbpj will be added to the Files.
• The default working environment for Geometry is 3-D. So you don’t need any action for
this.
Figure 5 workbench
Creating Geometry
• In the Project Schematic, double-click the Geometry. This will open ANSYS DesignModeler
(This will be a logo with a green DM).
• Use the sketching tools to draw the outer and inner pipes of the heat exchanger based on the
desired dimensions and configuration.
• Assign suitable names to the boundaries of the heat exchanger, such as "Hot Fluid Inlet," "Hot
Fluid Outlet," "Cold Fluid Inlet," and "Cold Fluid Outlet." These names will be referenced
when defining the boundary conditions in the simulation.
Figure 6 Geometry window
• Then Extrude this circle to 458mm.
Figure 7 Inner tube
• Similarly create the outer shell.

Figure 8 Shell and tube Model
• In Details View, change body (name) to inner_fluid and change Fluid/Solid to Fluid.
• Select the second body and change the name to inner_pipe, and leave Fluid/Sold as Solid.
• Select the third body, change name to outer_fluid, and change Fluid/Sold to Fluid.
• Select fourth body, change name to outer_pipe, and leave Fluid/Sold as Solid.
• Hold down the Ctrl key, select all four named bodies, and right-click on them. Select Form New
Part.
• Go to File, Close DesignModeler.
• Save in Workbench.
1. Mesh Generation
• In the Project Schematic, double-click Mesh. It may take a minute or two to load.
• Click OK in the Meshing Options window.
Figure 9 Shell meshing
• For more detailed meshing add inflation to tube and shell.
Figure 10 Inflation
a) Name the surfaces for the boundary conditions.
• Move the cursor between the Y and Z axis on the axis triad. A black
arrow labeled –X will appear, click on it. It will show a YZ Plane view.
• Right-click an arbitrary portion of the screen, and change the Cursor Mode to Face.
• Click the innermost section (inner fluid), then right-click on it and select
Create Named Section and enter Tube_inlet.
Figure 11 Named selection
• Click the third section (outer_fluid), then right-click on it, and select Create Named Section
and enter Shell_inlet.
• Click the center ball on the triad to have the isometric view.
• Click the +X axis on the triad to see the other side of the double pipe.
• Click the innermost section, then select Create Named Section and enter Tube_outlet.
• Expand the Named Selections in the Outline, this will create labels for the named faces.
• Right-click and select Create Named Section and enter shell_outlet.
b) Create meshing
• Select Mesh in the Outline window by clicking it.
• In the Details of “Mesh” window, expand the Sizing option and change the
• Relevance Center from Coarse to Medium.
• Expand the Inflation option.
• Set Use Automatic Tet Inflation from None to Program Controlled.
• In the Outline, right-click Mesh and select Update. This step will create meshing and take
several minutes. The meshing is shown in the following after zooming in.
Figure 12 Mesh information

Figure 13 Inflation effect
a) Correction on Inflation
a. The meshing in the inner fluid appears adequate, while the meshing in the
outer fluid does not.
b. Change the Cursor Mode to Face by right-clicking
c. Click the face of the outer_fluid.
d. Click Mesh Control in the Toolbar, and select Inflation.
e. Change the Cursor Mode to Edge.
f. Hold down Ctrl key, and select the two curvature edges of the outer_fluid. Click
Apply in Boundary under Definition of the Detailed “Inflation”
window.
g. Change the Number of Layers to 3.

h. Change the Maximum Thickness to 0.001.
i. Click Update.
j. File/Close Meshing.
k. SAVE
The final meshing is shown in the following.
2. Fluent Setup
• In Workbench, double click Setup.
• Click OK to FLUENT launcher prompt.
• In General, click Units and select Length from the list by scrolling, and change to mm (millimeters),
then Close.
• Select Models. Double-click Energy to On. Double-click Viscous, set type to k- Epsilon (2 eqn),
and hit OK.
• Double click Radiation, and change to Discrete Ordinates (DO). Hit OK.
Figure 14 Setting up Model
a) Setup Materials
• Select Materials.
• Click Create/Edit, then click Fluent Database.
• Select water-liquid (h2o) from the list. Click Copy, then Close. Close again.
Figure 15 Inserting material

• Click Create/Edit, then Fluent Database.
• Change Material Type to Solid.
• Select Copper, hit Copy, then Close. Close again to return to main window.
b) Setup Cell Zone Conditions
• Select part-inner_fluid, and click Edit. Change Material Name to Diesel-1 fuel. And click OK.
• Select part-inner_pipe, and click Edit. Change the Material Name to copper. OK.
• Select part-outer_fluid, click Edit. Change Material Name to Water-Liquid. OK
• Select part-outer_pipe, click Edit. Change Material Name to Steel. OK
Figure 16 Cell zone conditions
c) Select Boundary Conditions.
a. Select inner_inlet from Zones, and click Edit.

b. In the Momentum tab, change Velocity Magnitude (m/s) to 0.8384, which is the value based on 2
gallon per minute.
c. Change the Turbulent Kinetic Energy to 0.01 and change the Turbulent Dissipation Rate to 0.1.
d. Select the Thermal tab, and change Temperature to 288 K, which is the value entering inner pipe
as a cold water. Click OK.
e. Repeat this for outer_inlet from Zones, and click Edit.
f. In the Momentum tab, change Velocity Magnitude (m/s) to 0.9942, which is the value based on
1.8 gallon per minute.
g. Change the Turbulent Kinetic Energy to 0.01 and change the Turbulent Dissipation Rate to 0.1.
h. Select the Thermal tab, and change Temperature to 323 K, which is the value entering outer_pipe
as cold water. Click OK.
i. In the Zone list, verify that the symmetry zones are the symmetry type. And also make sure that the
insulation_surface has zero heat flux as default.
Figure 17 Velocity inlet at shell inlet
Figure 18 Velocity inlet at tube inlet

Figure 19 Boundary physics
d) Obtain the Solution.
• Select Solution Methods.

• Change Momentum, Turbulent Kinetic Energy, and Turbulent Dissipation rate to Second
Order Upwind.
• Select Solution Initialization, and click Initialize.
• Select Run Calculation, and set the Number of Iterations to 200.
• Click Calculate. This step will take a while to compute the results.
Figure 20 Scaled calculation's

e) Viewing Results
• When the computation converges, click Graphics and Animations under

• Results.
• Double-click Contours.
• Enable Contours of Temperature, Static Temperature. Click Filled under Options. Set the
Number of Levels to 40. Select all of the Surfaces, except those which are interior. And
click Display. The view will be small and long.
• On the Menu bar, select Display/Views/Camera.
• Change Projection to Orthographic. You can now rotate the part around for better
viewing as shown in the following.
Figure 21 Temprature contour

Figure 22 Temprature contour
Figure 23 Pathline particle ID

Figure 24 Pathline particle at shell
Figure 25 Pathline particle shell and tube

Conclusion
In conclusion, this report presented an in-depth guide for designing and conducting thermal
analysis of a double pipe heat exchanger using ANSYS software. By following the step-by-step
process outlined in this report, engineers can accurately simulate and evaluate the heat transfer
characteristics of the heat exchanger. The insights gained from such analyses enable the
optimization of design parameters, improvement of efficiency, and assurance of reliable operation
in various industrial applications.
References
[1] M. Mahdi Heyhat, A. Abdi, and A. Jafarzad, “Performance evaluation and exergy analysis
of a double pipe heat exchanger under air bubble injection,” Appl Therm Eng, vol. 143, pp.
582–593, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.APPLTHERMALENG.2018.07.129.
[2] R. K. Ali, M. A. Sharafeldeen, N. S. Berbish, and M. A. Moawed, “Convective heat transfer

enhancement inside tubes using inserted helical coils,” Thermal Engineering (English
translation of Teploenergetika), vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 42–50, Jan. 2016, doi:
10.1134/S0040601516010018/METRICS.
[3] R. Kumar and P. Chandra, “Thermal analysis of compact shell and wire coil-inserted helical
coil tube heat exchanger,” https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2019.1684992, vol. 43, no. 1,
pp. 1068–1073, 2019, doi: 10.1080/01430750.2019.1684992.
[4] A. Sharma, P. Balasubramanian, K. D. Gill, and A. Bhalla, “Prognostic Significance of

Blood Glucose Levels and Alterations Among Patients with Aluminium Phosphide
Poisoning,” Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. e299-303, Dec. 2018, doi:
10.18295/SQUMJ.2018.18.03.006.
[5] A. Sharma, P. Balasubramanian, K. D. Gill, and A. Bhalla, “Prognostic Significance of

Blood Glucose Levels and Alterations Among Patients with Aluminium Phosphide
Poisoning,” Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. e299-303, Dec. 2018, doi:
10.18295/SQUMJ.2018.18.03.006.
[6] A. Tiwari, P. Mishra, A. S.-I. J. of Applied, and undefined 2018, “CFD Study of Tube in
Tube Heat Exchanger with Helical Insert of Different Height and Helical Groove,”
ripublication.com, Accessed: Jul. 04, 2023. [Online]. Available:
http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n18_23.pdf
[7] W. Wang, Y. Zhang, K. S. Lee, and B. Li, “Optimal design of a double pipe heat exchanger
based on the outward helically corrugated tube,” Int J Heat Mass Transf, vol. 135, pp. 706–
716, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.IJHEATMASSTRANSFER.2019.01.115.
[8] N. Targui and H. Kahalerras, “Analysis of a double pipe heat exchanger performance by
use of porous baffles and pulsating flow,” Energy Convers Manag, vol. 76, pp. 43–54, Dec.
2013, doi: 10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2013.07.022.
[9] M. R. Salem, M. B. Eltoukhey, R. K. Ali, and K. M. Elshazly, “Experimental investigation

on the hydrothermal performance of a double-pipe heat exchanger using helical tape insert,”
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 124, pp. 496–507, Feb. 2018, doi:
10.1016/J.IJTHERMALSCI.2017.10.040.
[10] C. Joel, S. Anand, S. Padmanabhan, and S. Prasanna Raj Yadav, “Thermal analysis of
carbon-carbon piston for commercial vehicle diesel engine using CAE tool,”
https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2018.1525594, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 163–167, 2018, doi:
10.1080/01430750.2018.1525594.
[11] S. Padmanabhan, S. Ganesan, M. Chandrasekaran, and V. Srinivasa Raman, “Gear pair

design optimization by genetic algorithm and FEA,” Proceedings of the International
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pp. 301–307, 2010, doi: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714820.
Rubric
CLO-2: An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team having multifaceted
settings. PLO-9
Marks CLO2 – mapped to PLO-9 (Team work)
0-2 Modelling and analysis is not carried out accurately. presentation and
analysis of key variable of interest are also not accurate

analysis of key variable of interest are also satisfactory.

analysis of key variable of interest are also good.

analysis of key variable of interest are also excellent.

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Finite Element Methods Lab

Instructor Engr. Waqas Tahir

Submitted By Umair Khalid

Regd. No. MEEN-19111101

Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering &

2. Simply Supported Beam Analysis with UDL Load

3. Simply supported beam with point Load at center

4. Cantilever beam with Load at free end

5. Simply supported Beam with UDL Load and Point load

6. I-Beam with UDL Load

7. Heat Flux & Temperature Distribution Analysis of beam

8. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Laminar Flow through a pipe

10. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of convergent-divergent Nozzle

12. Open Ended Lab

Introduction to ANSYS Software

ANSYS is a general-purpose finite element-modeling package for numerically solving a wide

ANSYS Workbench supports a variety of analysis types, including;

• Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

A partial list of industries in which ANSYS is used:

• Aerospace--- Electronics & Appliances

Figure 1: ANSYS Classic Environment for exposure to all ANSYS functionality

Components and product lines

• ANSYS Mechanical – structural & thermal capabilities

Other product lines:

• ANSYS LS-DYNA – for highly nonlinear structural problems

1. Structural analysis: is used to determine deformations, strains, stresses, and

✓ –Nonlinear behavior such as large deflections, large strain, contact, plasticity,

• Other structural capabilities

Some advantages of ANSYS Workbench include:

• Integration: ANSYS Workbench offers seamless integration between various ANSYS

ANSYS Workbench Interface

Figure 02: Workbench Interface

• Geometry Modeling: ANSYS Workbench allows users to create and modify 3D

Figure 02: Project Schematic

➢ Cell and System

Project Schematic Workflow

The project schematic in ANSYS Workbench is a visual representation of the simulation

• Connect components: Connect the components by adding connections between them.

Figure 03: Project Workflow

ANSYS Context Menu Operation

Steps Involve in Simulation

Introduction to design modeling

• Using the graphical user interface to get around.

• Modify the geometry in two and three dimensions.

Overview of various Important Research (analysis) Systems

• Requirements: Specifying non-functional requirements such as system availability.

General types of analysis in ANSYS

Figure 4: Fatigue analysis

➢ Heat Transfer analysis

Figure 5: Heat Transfer analysis

Figure 6: Vibration analysis

a) BGRB: Blue represents the minimum and

CLO-1: Understand the basic concepts of ANSYS tools. PLO-5 (P3)

Marks CLO1 – Level P3 mapped to PLO5 (Modern Engineering Tools)

0-3 Incorrect understanding of interface, usage, application of ANSYS

4-5 Correct understanding of interface, usage, application of ANSYS software

6-7 Correct understanding of interface, usage, application of ANSYS software

8-10 Correct understanding of interface, usage, application of ANSYS software

External excitation and the response are time-dependent.

Modal Analysis ( Eigen Value Problems)

Harmonic Analysis Used to determine the response of a structure to harmonically time-

Eigen Value Problems

• Externally applied forces and pressures