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Business Analytics
◦ It is the use of data, Information technology ,statistical analysis,
quantitative methods, and mathematical or computer based
models to help managers gain improved insight about their
business operations and make better fact based decisions.
Data Analysis
Data Visualization
Risk Management:
Competitive Advantage
Scope of Business Analytics
The scope of business analytics applies across various business functions, including:
• Sales: Business analytics helps identify high-value leads, predict customer churn, and optimize
sales forecasting and pipeline management.
• Finance: Financial analytics helps assess financial risks, optimize resource allocation, and
make informed investment decisions.
• Operations: Business analytics helps improve operational efficiency, identify bottlenecks, and
optimize production processes.
• Human Resources: HR analytics helps identify top talent, improve employee retention, and
measure the effectiveness of training programs.
Components of business analytics
1)Processing
Defining objectives
2)Analytics
Analytical Methodology-Determine which analytics will be used to achieve goal using various
analytical tools
3)Post Processing
◦ Early computers provided the ability to store and analyse data in ways that
were either very difficult or impossible to do so manually.
◦ Statistics has a long and rich history, but recently has it been recognized as
an important element of business
◦ The most influential developments that propelled the use of business analytics
have been the personal computer and spreadsheet technology
Analytics Process
Analytics Process (cont…)
1)Defining the business needs
Understanding what the business would like to improve on or the problem it wants
solved.
Relevant data needed to solve these business goals are decided upon by the business
stakeholders, business users with the domain knowledge and the business analyst.
At this stage, key questions such as, “what data is available”, “how can we use it”, “do
we have sufficient data” must be answered.
Analytics Process(cont…)
2)Explore the data
This stage involves cleaning the data, making computations for missing data, removing
outliers, and transforming combinations of variables to form new variables.
Time series graphs are plotted as they are able to indicate any patterns or outliers. Once
the data has been cleaned, the analyst will try to make better sense of the data.
Summaries the data using appropriate visualisation and descriptive statistics (such as
mean, standard deviation, range, mode, median) that will help provide a basic
understanding of the data.
Analytics Process (cont…)
3)Analyse the data
Statistical analysis methods such as correlation analysis and hypothesis testing, the
analyst will find all factors that are related to the target variable.
The analyst will also perform simple regression analysis to see whether simple
predictions can be made.
In addition, different groups are compared using different assumptions and these are
tested using hypothesis testing.
Analytics Process (cont…)
4)Predict what is likely to happen
The analyst will then compare the predicted values to actual values
and compute the predictive errors.
Analytics Process (cont…)
5)Optimise (find the best solution)
The analyst will select the optimal solution and model based on the lowest
error, management targets and his intuitive recognition of the model
coefficients that are most aligned to the organization's strategic goal.
The analyst will then make decisions and take action based on the derived
insights from the model and the organizational goals.
An appropriate period of time after this action has been taken, the outcome of
the action is then measured.
Analytics Process (cont…)
7)Update the system with the results of the decision
Finally the results of the decision and action and the new insights
derived from the model are recorded and updated into the
database.
Data quality
Complexity
Inflexibility
Overview of data analysis
◦ Data analysis is the process of cleaning, changing, and processing
raw data and extracting actionable, relevant information that helps
businesses make informed decisions.
Generate reports
Data Collection:
Data Cleaning
Data Analysis:
Data Interpretation
Data Visualization
Data Analysis Methods
◦ Statistical analysis
◦ Data mining
◦ Machine learning
◦ Text analytics
◦ Data visualisation
Data Analysis Tools
◦ Tableau
◦ Python
◦R
◦ SQL
◦ Power BI
Data Analyst
Process and analyse the massive data set.
Filter the data, apply statistical model and prepare the report
Once the report is generated ,their job is to design and present their findings in a way
that consumers and businesses could understand so that thy could still make better
decisions.
Communication
Problem solving
Research abilities
Responsibilities of data analyst
Analyse the existing business and identify areas that need to be improved
Testing-Test the product among users to determine its working capacity and
quality.
Maintenance-
Building a team
Ensure that the data channel, collection, as well as database design are
optimized and cost effective for the company.
2) Data Warehousing
3)Data Architecture
Data engineers must have the required knowledge to build complex database
systems for businesses
Skills Required to Become a Data Engineer
4) Coding-programming skills-
They apply advanced analytics and machine learning techniques to extract predictive and
prescriptive insights.
1)Research focused
2)Business focused
3)Development focused
Roles and responsibilities of data scientist
Exploring and analyzing large datasets to identify patterns, trends, and relationships.
Conducting exploratory data analysis to gain insights into the underlying data.
Evaluating and selecting appropriate machine learning algorithms based on the nature of
the data and the problem at hand.
To boost general effectiveness and performance, stay current with the newest tools, trends,
and technologies
Create analytics solutions for businesses by combining various tools, applied statistics, and
machine learning
Knowledge of statistics
◦ Job descriptions frequently call for experience with regression modelling techniques.
Technical data management skills range from basic structured query language
competency in popular relational database management systems.
Many jobs require knowledge of the python programming language as a data processing
and data analysis development platform.
Many positions require Tableau software for data visualization but several positions also
suggested Qlikview as another potential data visualization software choice.
Business Analytics in Practice (cont…)
Four companies-incorporating data insights into their decision making
processes
Predictive modelling
HR analytics
Marketing Analysis
Financial analytics
Those with less than a year experience earn approximately INR 3.5 Lakh per
year, and those with four year experience earn INR 5 Lakh per year.
Strong research skills to identify the company’s weak points and make necessary
improvements
E-commerce
Education
Finance
Banking
Agriculture
Career in business analytics (cont…)
2.Data Analyst
They work with data gathered either from primary or secondary sources to make
decision making easier, faster and more accurate.
Pay could be higher due to a variety of factors such as experience ,level of upskilling,
skill set ,location and other factors.
Data analyst with one to four years of experience earn an average of INR 5.2 lakhs per
year
Collect data
Analyse data
Generate reports
Career in business analytics (cont…)
Skills required for a data analyst
SQL
Data management
Data visualization
Data cleaning
Python
R
Linear algebra and calculus
Career in business analytics (cont…)
3.HR analyst
Earns 4.7 lakhs per year on average
The average annual salary ranges from 2.9 lakhs to 10.6 lakhs
Pay could be higher due to a variety of factors such as experience , skill set
,level of education ,location and other factors
HR analyst with less than a year of experience earn an average of INR 3.7 Lakh
annually.
HR analyst with 5 to 9 years of experience earn INR 5.1 lakh annually on
average
They collect, research ,analyse and apply data to make better decisions in HR
They assist the organization in finding better candidates, motivating current employees and resolving staffing issues
Statistics analyses
Attrition identification
Performance identification
Relationship management
Those with less than a year of experience in this field earn INR 3.5 lakh per year on
average.
Those with one to four year of experience earn INR 4.5 Lakh per year on average
Marketing analyst with 5 to 9 years of experience earn INR 6 lakh per year.
Career in business analytics (cont…)
Work done by a marketing analyst
In charge of assisting businesses in gathering marketing insights on their
products and services.
They use customer profiling ,data analysis, and predictive statistics to analyse
marketing programmes and industry trends.
Look for new marketing campaign opportunities and generate sales forecasts.
Analyse data
Market research
Marketing communications
Marketing strategy
MS Excel
Statistical literacy
Communication
Career in business analytics (cont…)
5. Financial Analysts
Annual salary is approximately 4.0 lakh.
Employment opportunities are also expected to grow with a 9% increase projected from 2021
to 2031.
The business rely on financial analysts to determine the best ways to invest their profits
They must study recent trends, consider microeconomic and macroeconomic factors and
demographics to assist businesses in making appropriate investments
Advise companies on how to protect and expand their current wealth in difficult times.
They could assist the executive board in determining how risky a particular investment is in
order to make more informed decisions
Career in business analytics (cont…)
Roles and responsibilities of financial analyst
Analyse the financial data and make predictions
Reports generation
Profit/loss analysis
Financial planning
Financial skills
Analytical skills
Financial modelling
MS Excel
Career in business analytics (cont…)
6. Supply chain analyst
Earns an average annual wage of 5.5 lakhs.
The average salary for an employee ranges from 2.6 lakhs to 12 lakhs
They collaborate with other organizational teams to determine whether the current
supply chain is optimal and how to improve it
They may identify flaws in their organization current warehousing system and
recommend a better one to improve the operations efficiency
Career in business analytics (cont…)
Responsibilities of a supply chain analyst
Collecting the data
Operations management
Inventory analysis
Analyzing trends
Quantitative analysis
Analytical Skills
Problem solving
Decision making
Salary ranges from 4.5 lakhs per year to 25.2 lakhs per year
SPSS
Artificial Intelligence
Software Development
Programming Skills:
Career in business analytics (cont…)
Role of data scientist
R is widely used by statisticians, data analysts, researchers, and scientists for tasks
such as data analysis, statistical modeling, machine learning, and visualization.
Introduced in 1993.
Statistical Analysis
Data Visualisation
Open source
Machine learning
Why R Programming Language
Leading tool for machine learning, statistics, and data analysis
Most requested programming language in the data science job market that
makes it the hottest trend now a days.
Statistical features of R
Basic statistics-Measures of central tendency
Probability distribution-
Data Analysis
Advantages of R
Open Source:
Data Visualization:
Speed: R can be slower than other languages, such as C++ or Python, when it comes
to execution speed.
Some users find R's error messages to be less informative compared to other
programming languages.
Applications
Finance
Banking
Healthcare
Social media
E Commerce
Manufacturing
Some more applications of R
Descriptive Statistics
Hypothesis testing
Correlation